Two-dimensional electron gas with universal subbands at the surface of SrTiO 3
- Autores
- Santander-Syro, A.F.; Copie, O.; Kondo, T.; Fortuna, F.; Pailhés, S.; Weht, Ruben Oscar; Qiu, X.G.; Bertran, F.; Nicolaou, A.; Taleb-Ibrahimi, A.; Le F?vre, P.; Herranz, G.; Bibes, M.; Reyren, N.; Apertet, Y.; Lecoeur, P.; Barthélémy, A.; Rozenberg, Marcelo Javier
- Año de publicación
- 2011
- Idioma
- inglés
- Tipo de recurso
- artículo
- Estado
- versión publicada
- Descripción
- As silicon is the basis of conventional electronics, so strontium titanate (SrTiO3) is the foundation of the emerging field of oxide electronics1,2. SrTiO3 is the preferred template for the creation of exotic, two-dimensional (2D) phases of electron matter at oxide interfaces3-5 that have metalg-insulator transitions6,7, superconductivity8,9 or large negative magnetoresistance 10. However, the physical nature of the electronic structure underlying these 2D electron gases (2DEGs), which is crucial to understanding their remarkable properties11,12, remains elusive. Here we show, using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, that there is a highly metallic universal 2DEG at the vacuum-cleaved surface of SrTiO3 (including the non-doped insulating material) independently of bulk carrier densities over more than seven decades. This 2DEG is confined within a region of about five unit cells and has a sheet carrier density of ∼0.33 electrons per square lattice parameter. The electronic structure consists of multiple subbands of heavy and light electrons. The similarity of this 2DEG to those reported in SrTiO3-based heterostructures and field-effect transistors suggests that different forms of electron confinement at the surface of SrTiO3 lead to essentially the same 2DEG. Our discovery provides a model system for the study of the electronic structure of 2DEGs in SrTiO3-based devices and a novel means of generating 2DEGs at the surfaces of transition-metal oxides. © 2011 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.
Fil: Santander-Syro, A.F.. Centre de Sciences Nucleaires Et de Sciences de la Matiere; Francia
Fil: Copie, O.. Universite Paris-sud Xi; Francia. Universität Würzburg; Alemania
Fil: Kondo, T.. IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY (ISU);
Fil: Fortuna, F.. Centre de Sciences Nucleaires Et de Sciences de la Matiere; Francia
Fil: Pailhés, S.. Laboratoire Leon Brillouin; Francia
Fil: Weht, Ruben Oscar. Universidad Nacional de San Martín; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica; Argentina
Fil: Qiu, X.G.. Institute Of Physics Chinese Academy Of Sciences; China
Fil: Bertran, F.. Soleil Synchrotron; Francia
Fil: Nicolaou, A.. Soleil Synchrotron; Francia
Fil: Taleb-Ibrahimi, A.. Soleil Synchrotron; Francia
Fil: Le F?vre, P.. Soleil Synchrotron; Francia
Fil: Herranz, G.. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Ciencia de los Materiales de Barcelona; España
Fil: Bibes, M.. Universite Paris-sud Xi; Francia
Fil: Reyren, N.. Universite Paris-sud Xi; Francia
Fil: Apertet, Y.. Institut D'electronique Fondamentale, Orsay; Francia
Fil: Lecoeur, P.. Institut D'electronique Fondamentale, Orsay; Francia
Fil: Barthélémy, A.. Universite Paris-sud Xi; Francia
Fil: Rozenberg, Marcelo Javier. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires; Argentina - Materia
-
Oxides
2deg - Nivel de accesibilidad
- acceso abierto
- Condiciones de uso
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
- Repositorio
- Institución
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
- OAI Identificador
- oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/57219
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Two-dimensional electron gas with universal subbands at the surface of SrTiO 3Santander-Syro, A.F.Copie, O.Kondo, T.Fortuna, F.Pailhés, S.Weht, Ruben OscarQiu, X.G.Bertran, F.Nicolaou, A.Taleb-Ibrahimi, A.Le F?vre, P.Herranz, G.Bibes, M.Reyren, N.Apertet, Y.Lecoeur, P.Barthélémy, A.Rozenberg, Marcelo JavierOxides2deghttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1As silicon is the basis of conventional electronics, so strontium titanate (SrTiO3) is the foundation of the emerging field of oxide electronics1,2. SrTiO3 is the preferred template for the creation of exotic, two-dimensional (2D) phases of electron matter at oxide interfaces3-5 that have metalg-insulator transitions6,7, superconductivity8,9 or large negative magnetoresistance 10. However, the physical nature of the electronic structure underlying these 2D electron gases (2DEGs), which is crucial to understanding their remarkable properties11,12, remains elusive. Here we show, using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, that there is a highly metallic universal 2DEG at the vacuum-cleaved surface of SrTiO3 (including the non-doped insulating material) independently of bulk carrier densities over more than seven decades. This 2DEG is confined within a region of about five unit cells and has a sheet carrier density of ∼0.33 electrons per square lattice parameter. The electronic structure consists of multiple subbands of heavy and light electrons. The similarity of this 2DEG to those reported in SrTiO3-based heterostructures and field-effect transistors suggests that different forms of electron confinement at the surface of SrTiO3 lead to essentially the same 2DEG. Our discovery provides a model system for the study of the electronic structure of 2DEGs in SrTiO3-based devices and a novel means of generating 2DEGs at the surfaces of transition-metal oxides. © 2011 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.Fil: Santander-Syro, A.F.. Centre de Sciences Nucleaires Et de Sciences de la Matiere; FranciaFil: Copie, O.. Universite Paris-sud Xi; Francia. Universität Würzburg; AlemaniaFil: Kondo, T.. IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY (ISU);Fil: Fortuna, F.. Centre de Sciences Nucleaires Et de Sciences de la Matiere; FranciaFil: Pailhés, S.. Laboratoire Leon Brillouin; FranciaFil: Weht, Ruben Oscar. Universidad Nacional de San Martín; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica; ArgentinaFil: Qiu, X.G.. Institute Of Physics Chinese Academy Of Sciences; ChinaFil: Bertran, F.. Soleil Synchrotron; FranciaFil: Nicolaou, A.. Soleil Synchrotron; FranciaFil: Taleb-Ibrahimi, A.. Soleil Synchrotron; FranciaFil: Le F?vre, P.. Soleil Synchrotron; FranciaFil: Herranz, G.. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Ciencia de los Materiales de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Bibes, M.. Universite Paris-sud Xi; FranciaFil: Reyren, N.. Universite Paris-sud Xi; FranciaFil: Apertet, Y.. Institut D'electronique Fondamentale, Orsay; FranciaFil: Lecoeur, P.. Institut D'electronique Fondamentale, Orsay; FranciaFil: Barthélémy, A.. Universite Paris-sud Xi; FranciaFil: Rozenberg, Marcelo Javier. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaNature Publishing Group2011-01info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/57219Santander-Syro, A.F.; Copie, O.; Kondo, T.; Fortuna, F.; Pailhés, S.; et al.; Two-dimensional electron gas with universal subbands at the surface of SrTiO 3; Nature Publishing Group; Nature; 469; 7329; 1-2011; 189-1940028-0836CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1038/nature09720info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-09-29T09:52:17Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/57219instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-09-29 09:52:17.646CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Two-dimensional electron gas with universal subbands at the surface of SrTiO 3 |
title |
Two-dimensional electron gas with universal subbands at the surface of SrTiO 3 |
spellingShingle |
Two-dimensional electron gas with universal subbands at the surface of SrTiO 3 Santander-Syro, A.F. Oxides 2deg |
title_short |
Two-dimensional electron gas with universal subbands at the surface of SrTiO 3 |
title_full |
Two-dimensional electron gas with universal subbands at the surface of SrTiO 3 |
title_fullStr |
Two-dimensional electron gas with universal subbands at the surface of SrTiO 3 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Two-dimensional electron gas with universal subbands at the surface of SrTiO 3 |
title_sort |
Two-dimensional electron gas with universal subbands at the surface of SrTiO 3 |
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
Santander-Syro, A.F. Copie, O. Kondo, T. Fortuna, F. Pailhés, S. Weht, Ruben Oscar Qiu, X.G. Bertran, F. Nicolaou, A. Taleb-Ibrahimi, A. Le F?vre, P. Herranz, G. Bibes, M. Reyren, N. Apertet, Y. Lecoeur, P. Barthélémy, A. Rozenberg, Marcelo Javier |
author |
Santander-Syro, A.F. |
author_facet |
Santander-Syro, A.F. Copie, O. Kondo, T. Fortuna, F. Pailhés, S. Weht, Ruben Oscar Qiu, X.G. Bertran, F. Nicolaou, A. Taleb-Ibrahimi, A. Le F?vre, P. Herranz, G. Bibes, M. Reyren, N. Apertet, Y. Lecoeur, P. Barthélémy, A. Rozenberg, Marcelo Javier |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Copie, O. Kondo, T. Fortuna, F. Pailhés, S. Weht, Ruben Oscar Qiu, X.G. Bertran, F. Nicolaou, A. Taleb-Ibrahimi, A. Le F?vre, P. Herranz, G. Bibes, M. Reyren, N. Apertet, Y. Lecoeur, P. Barthélémy, A. Rozenberg, Marcelo Javier |
author2_role |
author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author |
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
Oxides 2deg |
topic |
Oxides 2deg |
purl_subject.fl_str_mv |
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1 |
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv |
As silicon is the basis of conventional electronics, so strontium titanate (SrTiO3) is the foundation of the emerging field of oxide electronics1,2. SrTiO3 is the preferred template for the creation of exotic, two-dimensional (2D) phases of electron matter at oxide interfaces3-5 that have metalg-insulator transitions6,7, superconductivity8,9 or large negative magnetoresistance 10. However, the physical nature of the electronic structure underlying these 2D electron gases (2DEGs), which is crucial to understanding their remarkable properties11,12, remains elusive. Here we show, using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, that there is a highly metallic universal 2DEG at the vacuum-cleaved surface of SrTiO3 (including the non-doped insulating material) independently of bulk carrier densities over more than seven decades. This 2DEG is confined within a region of about five unit cells and has a sheet carrier density of ∼0.33 electrons per square lattice parameter. The electronic structure consists of multiple subbands of heavy and light electrons. The similarity of this 2DEG to those reported in SrTiO3-based heterostructures and field-effect transistors suggests that different forms of electron confinement at the surface of SrTiO3 lead to essentially the same 2DEG. Our discovery provides a model system for the study of the electronic structure of 2DEGs in SrTiO3-based devices and a novel means of generating 2DEGs at the surfaces of transition-metal oxides. © 2011 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved. Fil: Santander-Syro, A.F.. Centre de Sciences Nucleaires Et de Sciences de la Matiere; Francia Fil: Copie, O.. Universite Paris-sud Xi; Francia. Universität Würzburg; Alemania Fil: Kondo, T.. IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY (ISU); Fil: Fortuna, F.. Centre de Sciences Nucleaires Et de Sciences de la Matiere; Francia Fil: Pailhés, S.. Laboratoire Leon Brillouin; Francia Fil: Weht, Ruben Oscar. Universidad Nacional de San Martín; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica; Argentina Fil: Qiu, X.G.. Institute Of Physics Chinese Academy Of Sciences; China Fil: Bertran, F.. Soleil Synchrotron; Francia Fil: Nicolaou, A.. Soleil Synchrotron; Francia Fil: Taleb-Ibrahimi, A.. Soleil Synchrotron; Francia Fil: Le F?vre, P.. Soleil Synchrotron; Francia Fil: Herranz, G.. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Ciencia de los Materiales de Barcelona; España Fil: Bibes, M.. Universite Paris-sud Xi; Francia Fil: Reyren, N.. Universite Paris-sud Xi; Francia Fil: Apertet, Y.. Institut D'electronique Fondamentale, Orsay; Francia Fil: Lecoeur, P.. Institut D'electronique Fondamentale, Orsay; Francia Fil: Barthélémy, A.. Universite Paris-sud Xi; Francia Fil: Rozenberg, Marcelo Javier. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires; Argentina |
description |
As silicon is the basis of conventional electronics, so strontium titanate (SrTiO3) is the foundation of the emerging field of oxide electronics1,2. SrTiO3 is the preferred template for the creation of exotic, two-dimensional (2D) phases of electron matter at oxide interfaces3-5 that have metalg-insulator transitions6,7, superconductivity8,9 or large negative magnetoresistance 10. However, the physical nature of the electronic structure underlying these 2D electron gases (2DEGs), which is crucial to understanding their remarkable properties11,12, remains elusive. Here we show, using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, that there is a highly metallic universal 2DEG at the vacuum-cleaved surface of SrTiO3 (including the non-doped insulating material) independently of bulk carrier densities over more than seven decades. This 2DEG is confined within a region of about five unit cells and has a sheet carrier density of ∼0.33 electrons per square lattice parameter. The electronic structure consists of multiple subbands of heavy and light electrons. The similarity of this 2DEG to those reported in SrTiO3-based heterostructures and field-effect transistors suggests that different forms of electron confinement at the surface of SrTiO3 lead to essentially the same 2DEG. Our discovery provides a model system for the study of the electronic structure of 2DEGs in SrTiO3-based devices and a novel means of generating 2DEGs at the surfaces of transition-metal oxides. © 2011 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved. |
publishDate |
2011 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2011-01 |
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/11336/57219 Santander-Syro, A.F.; Copie, O.; Kondo, T.; Fortuna, F.; Pailhés, S.; et al.; Two-dimensional electron gas with universal subbands at the surface of SrTiO 3; Nature Publishing Group; Nature; 469; 7329; 1-2011; 189-194 0028-0836 CONICET Digital CONICET |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11336/57219 |
identifier_str_mv |
Santander-Syro, A.F.; Copie, O.; Kondo, T.; Fortuna, F.; Pailhés, S.; et al.; Two-dimensional electron gas with universal subbands at the surface of SrTiO 3; Nature Publishing Group; Nature; 469; 7329; 1-2011; 189-194 0028-0836 CONICET Digital CONICET |
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1038/nature09720 |
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/ |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf application/pdf application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Nature Publishing Group |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Nature Publishing Group |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET) instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas |
reponame_str |
CONICET Digital (CONICET) |
collection |
CONICET Digital (CONICET) |
instname_str |
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar |
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1844613603861200896 |
score |
13.070432 |