Phylogeography of the neotropical Anopheles triannulatus complex (Diptera: Culicidae) supports deep structure and complex patterns

• Autores: Moreno, Marta; Bickersmith, Sara; Harlow, Wesley; Hildebrandt, Jessica; Mckeon, Sascha N.; Silva Do Nascimento, Teresa Fernandes; Loaiza, Jose R.; Ruiz, Freddy; Lourenço de Oliveira, Ricardo; Sallum, María A. M.; Bergo, Eduardo S.; Fritz, Gary N.; Wilkerson, Richard C.; Dantur Juri, Maria Julia; Rangel, Yadira; Póvoa, Marinete M.; Gutiérrez Builes, Lina A.; Correa, Margarita M.; Conn, Jan E.
• Año de publicación: 2013
• Idioma: inglés
• Tipo de recurso: artículo
• Materia: ANOPHELES TRIANNULATUS S S.; ANOPHELES HALOPHYLUS; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; COI GENE; WHITE GENE
• Institución: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

The molecular phylogenetic relationships and population structure of the species of the Anopheles triannulatus complex: Anopheles triannulatuss.s.,Anopheles halophylusand the putative species Anopheles triannulatus C were investigated. Methods:The mitochondrialCOIgene, the nuclearwhitegene and rDNA ITS2 of samples that include the known geographic distribution of these taxa were analyzed. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using Bayesian inference, Maximum parsimony and Maximum likelihood approaches. Results: Each data set analyzed separately yielded a different topology but none provided evidence for the separation ofAn. halophylusandAn. triannulatusC, consistent with the hypothesis that the two are undergoing incipient speciation. The phylogenetic analyses of the whitegene found three main clades, whereas the statistical parsimony network detected only a single metapopulation of Anopheles triannulatus s.l. Seven COI lineages were detected by phylogenetic and network analysis. In contrast, the network, but not the phylogenetic analyses,strongly supported three ITS2 groups. Combined data analyses provided the best resolution of the trees, with two major clades, Amazonian (clade I) and trans-Andean Amazon Delta(clade II). Clade I consists of multiple subclades: An. halophylus + An. triannulatus C; trans-Andean Venezuela; central Amazonia + central Bolivia; Atlantic coastal lowland; and Amazon delta. Clade II includes three subclades: Panama; cis-Andean Colombia; and cis-Venezuela. The Amazon delta specimens are in both clades, likely indicating local sympatry. Spatial and molecular variance analyses detected nine groups, corroborating some of subclades obtained in the combined data analysis. Conclusion:Combination of the three molecular markers provided the best resolution for differentiation within An.triannulatus s.s. and An. halophylusand C. The latest two species seem to be very closely related and the analyses performed were not conclusive regarding species differentiation. Further studies including new molecular markers would be desirable to solve this species status question. Besides, results of the study indicate a trans-Andean origin for An. triannulatus s.l. The potential implications for malaria epidemiology remain to be investigated.
Fil: Moreno, Marta. New York State Department of Health. Wadsworth Center; Estados Unidos;
Fil: Bickersmith, Sara. New York State Department of Health. Wadsworth Center; Estados Unidos;
Fil: Harlow, Wesley. New York State Department of Health. Wadsworth Center; Estados Unidos;
Fil: Hildebrandt, Jessica. New York State Department of Health. Wadsworth Center; Estados Unidos;
Fil: Mckeon, Sascha N.. New York State Department of Health. Wadsworth Center; Estados Unidos; State University of New York. School of Public Health. Department of Biomedical Sciences; Estados Unidos;
Fil: Silva Do Nascimento, Teresa Fernandes. Ministerio de Salud de Brasil. Fundacion Oswaldo Cruz. Departamento de Entomología; Brasil;
Fil: Loaiza, Jose R.. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología; Panamá;
Fil: Ruiz, Freddy. Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. Division of Entomology; Estados Unidos;
Fil: Lourenço de Oliveira, Ricardo. Ministerio de Salud de Brasil. Fundacion Oswaldo Cruz. Departamento de Entomología; Brasil;
Fil: Sallum, María A. M.. Ministerio de Salud de Brasil. Fundacion Oswaldo Cruz. Departamento de Entomología; Brasil;
Fil: Bergo, Eduardo S.. Superintendência de Controle de Endemias; Brazil;
Fil: Fritz, Gary N.. Eastern Illinois University. Department of Biological Sciences; Estados Unidos;
Fil: Wilkerson, Richard C.. Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. Division of Entomology; Estados Unidos;
Fil: Dantur Juri, Maria Julia. Fundación Miguel Lillo. Dirección de Zoología; Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Instituto Superior de Entomología; Argentina;
Fil: Rangel, Yadira. Universidad Central de Venezuela. Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical. Laboratorio de Biología de Vectores; Venezuela;
Fil: Póvoa, Marinete M.. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Secção de Parasitologia; Brasil;
Fil: Gutiérrez Builes, Lina A.. Universidad de Antioquia. Escuela de Microbiología. Grupo de Microbiología Molecular; Colombia;
Fil: Correa, Margarita M.. Universidad de Antioquia. Escuela de Microbiología. Grupo de Microbiología Molecular; Colombia;
Fil: Conn, Jan E.. New York State Department of Health. Wadsworth Center; Estados Unidos;