Diffuse X-Ray Emission in the Cygnus OB2 Association

Autores: Albacete Colombo, Juan Facundo; Drake, J. J.; Flaccomio, E.; Wright, N. J.; Kashyap, V.; Guarcello, M. G.; Briggs, K.; Drew, J.; Fenech, D.; Micela, G.; McCollough, M.; Prinja, R. K.; Schneider, N.; Sciortino, S.; Vink, J. S.
Año de publicación: 2023
Idioma: inglés
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado: versión publicada
Descripción: We present a large-scale study of diffuse X-ray emission in the nearby massive stellar association Cygnus OB2 as part of the Chandra Cygnus OB2 Legacy Program. We used 40 Chandra X-ray ACIS-I observations covering ∼1.0 deg2. After removing 7924 point sources detected in our survey and applying adaptive smoothing to the background-corrected X-ray emission, the adaptive smoothing reveals large-scale diffuse X-ray emission. Diffuse emission was detected in the subbands soft (0.5−1.2 keV) and medium (1.2−2.5 keV) and marginally in the hard (2.5−7.0 keV) band. From X-ray spectral analysis of stacked spectra we compute a total (0.5–7.0 keV) diffuse X-ray luminosity of L Xdiff » 4.2 × 1034 erg s−1, characterized by plasma temperature components at kT ≈ 0.11, 0.40, and 1.18 keV, respectively. The H I absorption column density corresponding to these temperatures has a distribution consistent with NH = (0.43, 0.80, 1.39) × 1022 cm−2. The extended medium-band energy emission likely arises from O-type stellar winds thermalized by wind−wind collisions in the most populated regions of the association, while the soft-band emission probably arises from less energetic termination shocks against the surrounding interstellar medium. Supersoft and soft diffuse emission appear more widely dispersed and intense than the medium-band emission. The diffuse X-ray emission is generally spatially coincident with low-extinction regions that we attribute to the ubiquitous inﬂuence of powerful stellar winds from massive stars and their interaction with the local interstellar medium. Diffuse X-ray emission is volume ﬁlling, rather than edge brightened, oppositely to other star-forming regions. We reveal the ﬁrst observational evidence of X-ray halos around some evolved massive stars.
Fil: Albacete Colombo, Juan Facundo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Confluencia; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro. Sede Atlantica. Departamento de Investigación en Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y de Ingenieria; Argentina
Fil: Drake, J. J.. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Estados Unidos
Fil: Flaccomio, E.. Istituto Nazionale di Astrofísica. Osservatorio Astronómico di Palermo; Italia
Fil: Wright, N. J.. Keele University.; Reino Unido
Fil: Kashyap, V.. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Estados Unidos
Fil: Guarcello, M. G.. Istituto Nazionale di Astrofísica. Osservatorio Astronómico di Palermo; Italia
Fil: Briggs, K.. Universitat Hamburg; Alemania
Fil: Drew, J.. University of Hertfordshire; Reino Unido
Fil: Fenech, D.. University College London; Estados Unidos
Fil: Micela, G.. Istituto Nazionale di Astrofísica. Osservatorio Astronómico di Palermo; Italia
Fil: McCollough, M.. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Estados Unidos
Fil: Prinja, R. K.. University College London; Estados Unidos
Fil: Schneider, N.. University of Cologne; Alemania
Fil: Sciortino, S.. Istituto Nazionale di Astrofísica. Osservatorio Astronómico di Palermo; Italia
Fil: Vink, J. S.. College Hill. Armagh Observatory and Planetarium; Reino Unido
Materia: X-ray stars
Massive stars
Stellar winds
Nivel de accesibilidad: acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
Institución: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
OAI Identificador: oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/233590

Acceder

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repository_id_str	3498
network_name_str	CONICET Digital (CONICET)
spelling	Diffuse X-Ray Emission in the Cygnus OB2 AssociationAlbacete Colombo, Juan FacundoDrake, J. J.Flaccomio, E.Wright, N. J.Kashyap, V.Guarcello, M. G.Briggs, K.Drew, J.Fenech, D.Micela, G.McCollough, M.Prinja, R. K.Schneider, N.Sciortino, S.Vink, J. S.X-ray starsMassive starsStellar windshttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1We present a large-scale study of diffuse X-ray emission in the nearby massive stellar association Cygnus OB2 as part of the Chandra Cygnus OB2 Legacy Program. We used 40 Chandra X-ray ACIS-I observations covering ∼1.0 deg2. After removing 7924 point sources detected in our survey and applying adaptive smoothing to the background-corrected X-ray emission, the adaptive smoothing reveals large-scale diffuse X-ray emission. Diffuse emission was detected in the subbands soft (0.5−1.2 keV) and medium (1.2−2.5 keV) and marginally in the hard (2.5−7.0 keV) band. From X-ray spectral analysis of stacked spectra we compute a total (0.5–7.0 keV) diffuse X-ray luminosity of L Xdiff » 4.2 × 1034 erg s−1, characterized by plasma temperature components at kT ≈ 0.11, 0.40, and 1.18 keV, respectively. The H I absorption column density corresponding to these temperatures has a distribution consistent with NH = (0.43, 0.80, 1.39) × 1022 cm−2. The extended medium-band energy emission likely arises from O-type stellar winds thermalized by wind−wind collisions in the most populated regions of the association, while the soft-band emission probably arises from less energetic termination shocks against the surrounding interstellar medium. Supersoft and soft diffuse emission appear more widely dispersed and intense than the medium-band emission. The diffuse X-ray emission is generally spatially coincident with low-extinction regions that we attribute to the ubiquitous inﬂuence of powerful stellar winds from massive stars and their interaction with the local interstellar medium. Diffuse X-ray emission is volume ﬁlling, rather than edge brightened, oppositely to other star-forming regions. We reveal the ﬁrst observational evidence of X-ray halos around some evolved massive stars.Fil: Albacete Colombo, Juan Facundo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Confluencia; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro. Sede Atlantica. Departamento de Investigación en Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y de Ingenieria; ArgentinaFil: Drake, J. J.. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Estados UnidosFil: Flaccomio, E.. Istituto Nazionale di Astrofísica. Osservatorio Astronómico di Palermo; ItaliaFil: Wright, N. J.. Keele University.; Reino UnidoFil: Kashyap, V.. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Estados UnidosFil: Guarcello, M. G.. Istituto Nazionale di Astrofísica. Osservatorio Astronómico di Palermo; ItaliaFil: Briggs, K.. Universitat Hamburg; AlemaniaFil: Drew, J.. University of Hertfordshire; Reino UnidoFil: Fenech, D.. University College London; Estados UnidosFil: Micela, G.. Istituto Nazionale di Astrofísica. Osservatorio Astronómico di Palermo; ItaliaFil: McCollough, M.. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Estados UnidosFil: Prinja, R. K.. University College London; Estados UnidosFil: Schneider, N.. University of Cologne; AlemaniaFil: Sciortino, S.. Istituto Nazionale di Astrofísica. Osservatorio Astronómico di Palermo; ItaliaFil: Vink, J. S.. College Hill. Armagh Observatory and Planetarium; Reino UnidoIOP Publishing2023-10info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/233590Albacete Colombo, Juan Facundo; Drake, J. J.; Flaccomio, E.; Wright, N. J.; Kashyap, V.; et al.; Diffuse X-Ray Emission in the Cygnus OB2 Association; IOP Publishing; Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series; 269; 1; 10-2023; 1-230067-0049CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4365/acdd65info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.3847/1538-4365/acdd65info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-10-22T11:57:52Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/233590instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-10-22 11:57:52.961CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv	Diffuse X-Ray Emission in the Cygnus OB2 Association
title	Diffuse X-Ray Emission in the Cygnus OB2 Association
spellingShingle	Diffuse X-Ray Emission in the Cygnus OB2 Association Albacete Colombo, Juan Facundo X-ray stars Massive stars Stellar winds
title_short	Diffuse X-Ray Emission in the Cygnus OB2 Association
title_full	Diffuse X-Ray Emission in the Cygnus OB2 Association
title_fullStr	Diffuse X-Ray Emission in the Cygnus OB2 Association
title_full_unstemmed	Diffuse X-Ray Emission in the Cygnus OB2 Association
title_sort	Diffuse X-Ray Emission in the Cygnus OB2 Association
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv	Albacete Colombo, Juan Facundo Drake, J. J. Flaccomio, E. Wright, N. J. Kashyap, V. Guarcello, M. G. Briggs, K. Drew, J. Fenech, D. Micela, G. McCollough, M. Prinja, R. K. Schneider, N. Sciortino, S. Vink, J. S.
author	Albacete Colombo, Juan Facundo
author_facet	Albacete Colombo, Juan Facundo Drake, J. J. Flaccomio, E. Wright, N. J. Kashyap, V. Guarcello, M. G. Briggs, K. Drew, J. Fenech, D. Micela, G. McCollough, M. Prinja, R. K. Schneider, N. Sciortino, S. Vink, J. S.
author_role	author
author2	Drake, J. J. Flaccomio, E. Wright, N. J. Kashyap, V. Guarcello, M. G. Briggs, K. Drew, J. Fenech, D. Micela, G. McCollough, M. Prinja, R. K. Schneider, N. Sciortino, S. Vink, J. S.
author2_role	author author author author author author author author author author author author author author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv	X-ray stars Massive stars Stellar winds
topic	X-ray stars Massive stars Stellar winds
purl_subject.fl_str_mv	https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv	We present a large-scale study of diffuse X-ray emission in the nearby massive stellar association Cygnus OB2 as part of the Chandra Cygnus OB2 Legacy Program. We used 40 Chandra X-ray ACIS-I observations covering ∼1.0 deg2. After removing 7924 point sources detected in our survey and applying adaptive smoothing to the background-corrected X-ray emission, the adaptive smoothing reveals large-scale diffuse X-ray emission. Diffuse emission was detected in the subbands soft (0.5−1.2 keV) and medium (1.2−2.5 keV) and marginally in the hard (2.5−7.0 keV) band. From X-ray spectral analysis of stacked spectra we compute a total (0.5–7.0 keV) diffuse X-ray luminosity of L Xdiff » 4.2 × 1034 erg s−1, characterized by plasma temperature components at kT ≈ 0.11, 0.40, and 1.18 keV, respectively. The H I absorption column density corresponding to these temperatures has a distribution consistent with NH = (0.43, 0.80, 1.39) × 1022 cm−2. The extended medium-band energy emission likely arises from O-type stellar winds thermalized by wind−wind collisions in the most populated regions of the association, while the soft-band emission probably arises from less energetic termination shocks against the surrounding interstellar medium. Supersoft and soft diffuse emission appear more widely dispersed and intense than the medium-band emission. The diffuse X-ray emission is generally spatially coincident with low-extinction regions that we attribute to the ubiquitous inﬂuence of powerful stellar winds from massive stars and their interaction with the local interstellar medium. Diffuse X-ray emission is volume ﬁlling, rather than edge brightened, oppositely to other star-forming regions. We reveal the ﬁrst observational evidence of X-ray halos around some evolved massive stars. Fil: Albacete Colombo, Juan Facundo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Confluencia; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro. Sede Atlantica. Departamento de Investigación en Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y de Ingenieria; Argentina Fil: Drake, J. J.. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Estados Unidos Fil: Flaccomio, E.. Istituto Nazionale di Astrofísica. Osservatorio Astronómico di Palermo; Italia Fil: Wright, N. J.. Keele University.; Reino Unido Fil: Kashyap, V.. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Estados Unidos Fil: Guarcello, M. G.. Istituto Nazionale di Astrofísica. Osservatorio Astronómico di Palermo; Italia Fil: Briggs, K.. Universitat Hamburg; Alemania Fil: Drew, J.. University of Hertfordshire; Reino Unido Fil: Fenech, D.. University College London; Estados Unidos Fil: Micela, G.. Istituto Nazionale di Astrofísica. Osservatorio Astronómico di Palermo; Italia Fil: McCollough, M.. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Estados Unidos Fil: Prinja, R. K.. University College London; Estados Unidos Fil: Schneider, N.. University of Cologne; Alemania Fil: Sciortino, S.. Istituto Nazionale di Astrofísica. Osservatorio Astronómico di Palermo; Italia Fil: Vink, J. S.. College Hill. Armagh Observatory and Planetarium; Reino Unido
description	We present a large-scale study of diffuse X-ray emission in the nearby massive stellar association Cygnus OB2 as part of the Chandra Cygnus OB2 Legacy Program. We used 40 Chandra X-ray ACIS-I observations covering ∼1.0 deg2. After removing 7924 point sources detected in our survey and applying adaptive smoothing to the background-corrected X-ray emission, the adaptive smoothing reveals large-scale diffuse X-ray emission. Diffuse emission was detected in the subbands soft (0.5−1.2 keV) and medium (1.2−2.5 keV) and marginally in the hard (2.5−7.0 keV) band. From X-ray spectral analysis of stacked spectra we compute a total (0.5–7.0 keV) diffuse X-ray luminosity of L Xdiff » 4.2 × 1034 erg s−1, characterized by plasma temperature components at kT ≈ 0.11, 0.40, and 1.18 keV, respectively. The H I absorption column density corresponding to these temperatures has a distribution consistent with NH = (0.43, 0.80, 1.39) × 1022 cm−2. The extended medium-band energy emission likely arises from O-type stellar winds thermalized by wind−wind collisions in the most populated regions of the association, while the soft-band emission probably arises from less energetic termination shocks against the surrounding interstellar medium. Supersoft and soft diffuse emission appear more widely dispersed and intense than the medium-band emission. The diffuse X-ray emission is generally spatially coincident with low-extinction regions that we attribute to the ubiquitous inﬂuence of powerful stellar winds from massive stars and their interaction with the local interstellar medium. Diffuse X-ray emission is volume ﬁlling, rather than edge brightened, oppositely to other star-forming regions. We reveal the ﬁrst observational evidence of X-ray halos around some evolved massive stars.
publishDate	2023
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv	2023-10
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format	article
status_str	publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv	http://hdl.handle.net/11336/233590 Albacete Colombo, Juan Facundo; Drake, J. J.; Flaccomio, E.; Wright, N. J.; Kashyap, V.; et al.; Diffuse X-Ray Emission in the Cygnus OB2 Association; IOP Publishing; Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series; 269; 1; 10-2023; 1-23 0067-0049 CONICET Digital CONICET
url	http://hdl.handle.net/11336/233590
identifier_str_mv	Albacete Colombo, Juan Facundo; Drake, J. J.; Flaccomio, E.; Wright, N. J.; Kashyap, V.; et al.; Diffuse X-Ray Emission in the Cygnus OB2 Association; IOP Publishing; Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series; 269; 1; 10-2023; 1-23 0067-0049 CONICET Digital CONICET
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv	eng
language	eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4365/acdd65 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.3847/1538-4365/acdd65
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
eu_rights_str_mv	openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
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dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv	IOP Publishing
publisher.none.fl_str_mv	IOP Publishing
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Diffuse X-Ray Emission in the Cygnus OB2 Association

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