Diffuse X-Ray Emission in the Cygnus OB2 Association

Autores
Albacete Colombo, Juan Facundo; Drake, J. J.; Flaccomio, E.; Wright, N. J.; Kashyap, V.; Guarcello, M. G.; Briggs, K.; Drew, J.; Fenech, D.; Micela, G.; McCollough, M.; Prinja, R. K.; Schneider, N.; Sciortino, S.; Vink, J. S.
Año de publicación
2023
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
We present a large-scale study of diffuse X-ray emission in the nearby massive stellar association Cygnus OB2 as part of the Chandra Cygnus OB2 Legacy Program. We used 40 Chandra X-ray ACIS-I observations covering ∼1.0 deg2. After removing 7924 point sources detected in our survey and applying adaptive smoothing to the background-corrected X-ray emission, the adaptive smoothing reveals large-scale diffuse X-ray emission. Diffuse emission was detected in the subbands soft (0.5−1.2 keV) and medium (1.2−2.5 keV) and marginally in the hard (2.5−7.0 keV) band. From X-ray spectral analysis of stacked spectra we compute a total (0.5–7.0 keV) diffuse X-ray luminosity of L Xdiff » 4.2 × 1034 erg s−1, characterized by plasma temperature components at kT ≈ 0.11, 0.40, and 1.18 keV, respectively. The H I absorption column density corresponding to these temperatures has a distribution consistent with NH = (0.43, 0.80, 1.39) × 1022 cm−2. The extended medium-band energy emission likely arises from O-type stellar winds thermalized by wind−wind collisions in the most populated regions of the association, while the soft-band emission probably arises from less energetic termination shocks against the surrounding interstellar medium. Supersoft and soft diffuse emission appear more widely dispersed and intense than the medium-band emission. The diffuse X-ray emission is generally spatially coincident with low-extinction regions that we attribute to the ubiquitous influence of powerful stellar winds from massive stars and their interaction with the local interstellar medium. Diffuse X-ray emission is volume filling, rather than edge brightened, oppositely to other star-forming regions. We reveal the first observational evidence of X-ray halos around some evolved massive stars.
Fil: Albacete Colombo, Juan Facundo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Confluencia; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro. Sede Atlantica. Departamento de Investigación en Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y de Ingenieria; Argentina
Fil: Drake, J. J.. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Estados Unidos
Fil: Flaccomio, E.. Istituto Nazionale di Astrofísica. Osservatorio Astronómico di Palermo; Italia
Fil: Wright, N. J.. Keele University.; Reino Unido
Fil: Kashyap, V.. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Estados Unidos
Fil: Guarcello, M. G.. Istituto Nazionale di Astrofísica. Osservatorio Astronómico di Palermo; Italia
Fil: Briggs, K.. Universitat Hamburg; Alemania
Fil: Drew, J.. University of Hertfordshire; Reino Unido
Fil: Fenech, D.. University College London; Estados Unidos
Fil: Micela, G.. Istituto Nazionale di Astrofísica. Osservatorio Astronómico di Palermo; Italia
Fil: McCollough, M.. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Estados Unidos
Fil: Prinja, R. K.. University College London; Estados Unidos
Fil: Schneider, N.. University of Cologne; Alemania
Fil: Sciortino, S.. Istituto Nazionale di Astrofísica. Osservatorio Astronómico di Palermo; Italia
Fil: Vink, J. S.. College Hill. Armagh Observatory and Planetarium; Reino Unido
Materia
X-ray stars
Massive stars
Stellar winds
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Institución
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
OAI Identificador
oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/233590

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network_name_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
spelling Diffuse X-Ray Emission in the Cygnus OB2 AssociationAlbacete Colombo, Juan FacundoDrake, J. J.Flaccomio, E.Wright, N. J.Kashyap, V.Guarcello, M. G.Briggs, K.Drew, J.Fenech, D.Micela, G.McCollough, M.Prinja, R. K.Schneider, N.Sciortino, S.Vink, J. S.X-ray starsMassive starsStellar windshttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1We present a large-scale study of diffuse X-ray emission in the nearby massive stellar association Cygnus OB2 as part of the Chandra Cygnus OB2 Legacy Program. We used 40 Chandra X-ray ACIS-I observations covering ∼1.0 deg2. After removing 7924 point sources detected in our survey and applying adaptive smoothing to the background-corrected X-ray emission, the adaptive smoothing reveals large-scale diffuse X-ray emission. Diffuse emission was detected in the subbands soft (0.5−1.2 keV) and medium (1.2−2.5 keV) and marginally in the hard (2.5−7.0 keV) band. From X-ray spectral analysis of stacked spectra we compute a total (0.5–7.0 keV) diffuse X-ray luminosity of L Xdiff » 4.2 × 1034 erg s−1, characterized by plasma temperature components at kT ≈ 0.11, 0.40, and 1.18 keV, respectively. The H I absorption column density corresponding to these temperatures has a distribution consistent with NH = (0.43, 0.80, 1.39) × 1022 cm−2. The extended medium-band energy emission likely arises from O-type stellar winds thermalized by wind−wind collisions in the most populated regions of the association, while the soft-band emission probably arises from less energetic termination shocks against the surrounding interstellar medium. Supersoft and soft diffuse emission appear more widely dispersed and intense than the medium-band emission. The diffuse X-ray emission is generally spatially coincident with low-extinction regions that we attribute to the ubiquitous influence of powerful stellar winds from massive stars and their interaction with the local interstellar medium. Diffuse X-ray emission is volume filling, rather than edge brightened, oppositely to other star-forming regions. We reveal the first observational evidence of X-ray halos around some evolved massive stars.Fil: Albacete Colombo, Juan Facundo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Confluencia; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro. Sede Atlantica. Departamento de Investigación en Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y de Ingenieria; ArgentinaFil: Drake, J. J.. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Estados UnidosFil: Flaccomio, E.. Istituto Nazionale di Astrofísica. Osservatorio Astronómico di Palermo; ItaliaFil: Wright, N. J.. Keele University.; Reino UnidoFil: Kashyap, V.. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Estados UnidosFil: Guarcello, M. G.. Istituto Nazionale di Astrofísica. Osservatorio Astronómico di Palermo; ItaliaFil: Briggs, K.. Universitat Hamburg; AlemaniaFil: Drew, J.. University of Hertfordshire; Reino UnidoFil: Fenech, D.. University College London; Estados UnidosFil: Micela, G.. Istituto Nazionale di Astrofísica. Osservatorio Astronómico di Palermo; ItaliaFil: McCollough, M.. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Estados UnidosFil: Prinja, R. K.. University College London; Estados UnidosFil: Schneider, N.. University of Cologne; AlemaniaFil: Sciortino, S.. Istituto Nazionale di Astrofísica. Osservatorio Astronómico di Palermo; ItaliaFil: Vink, J. S.. College Hill. Armagh Observatory and Planetarium; Reino UnidoIOP Publishing2023-10info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/233590Albacete Colombo, Juan Facundo; Drake, J. J.; Flaccomio, E.; Wright, N. J.; Kashyap, V.; et al.; Diffuse X-Ray Emission in the Cygnus OB2 Association; IOP Publishing; Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series; 269; 1; 10-2023; 1-230067-0049CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4365/acdd65info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.3847/1538-4365/acdd65info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-09-29T10:25:10Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/233590instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-09-29 10:25:10.287CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Diffuse X-Ray Emission in the Cygnus OB2 Association
title Diffuse X-Ray Emission in the Cygnus OB2 Association
spellingShingle Diffuse X-Ray Emission in the Cygnus OB2 Association
Albacete Colombo, Juan Facundo
X-ray stars
Massive stars
Stellar winds
title_short Diffuse X-Ray Emission in the Cygnus OB2 Association
title_full Diffuse X-Ray Emission in the Cygnus OB2 Association
title_fullStr Diffuse X-Ray Emission in the Cygnus OB2 Association
title_full_unstemmed Diffuse X-Ray Emission in the Cygnus OB2 Association
title_sort Diffuse X-Ray Emission in the Cygnus OB2 Association
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Albacete Colombo, Juan Facundo
Drake, J. J.
Flaccomio, E.
Wright, N. J.
Kashyap, V.
Guarcello, M. G.
Briggs, K.
Drew, J.
Fenech, D.
Micela, G.
McCollough, M.
Prinja, R. K.
Schneider, N.
Sciortino, S.
Vink, J. S.
author Albacete Colombo, Juan Facundo
author_facet Albacete Colombo, Juan Facundo
Drake, J. J.
Flaccomio, E.
Wright, N. J.
Kashyap, V.
Guarcello, M. G.
Briggs, K.
Drew, J.
Fenech, D.
Micela, G.
McCollough, M.
Prinja, R. K.
Schneider, N.
Sciortino, S.
Vink, J. S.
author_role author
author2 Drake, J. J.
Flaccomio, E.
Wright, N. J.
Kashyap, V.
Guarcello, M. G.
Briggs, K.
Drew, J.
Fenech, D.
Micela, G.
McCollough, M.
Prinja, R. K.
Schneider, N.
Sciortino, S.
Vink, J. S.
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv X-ray stars
Massive stars
Stellar winds
topic X-ray stars
Massive stars
Stellar winds
purl_subject.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv We present a large-scale study of diffuse X-ray emission in the nearby massive stellar association Cygnus OB2 as part of the Chandra Cygnus OB2 Legacy Program. We used 40 Chandra X-ray ACIS-I observations covering ∼1.0 deg2. After removing 7924 point sources detected in our survey and applying adaptive smoothing to the background-corrected X-ray emission, the adaptive smoothing reveals large-scale diffuse X-ray emission. Diffuse emission was detected in the subbands soft (0.5−1.2 keV) and medium (1.2−2.5 keV) and marginally in the hard (2.5−7.0 keV) band. From X-ray spectral analysis of stacked spectra we compute a total (0.5–7.0 keV) diffuse X-ray luminosity of L Xdiff » 4.2 × 1034 erg s−1, characterized by plasma temperature components at kT ≈ 0.11, 0.40, and 1.18 keV, respectively. The H I absorption column density corresponding to these temperatures has a distribution consistent with NH = (0.43, 0.80, 1.39) × 1022 cm−2. The extended medium-band energy emission likely arises from O-type stellar winds thermalized by wind−wind collisions in the most populated regions of the association, while the soft-band emission probably arises from less energetic termination shocks against the surrounding interstellar medium. Supersoft and soft diffuse emission appear more widely dispersed and intense than the medium-band emission. The diffuse X-ray emission is generally spatially coincident with low-extinction regions that we attribute to the ubiquitous influence of powerful stellar winds from massive stars and their interaction with the local interstellar medium. Diffuse X-ray emission is volume filling, rather than edge brightened, oppositely to other star-forming regions. We reveal the first observational evidence of X-ray halos around some evolved massive stars.
Fil: Albacete Colombo, Juan Facundo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Confluencia; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro. Sede Atlantica. Departamento de Investigación en Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y de Ingenieria; Argentina
Fil: Drake, J. J.. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Estados Unidos
Fil: Flaccomio, E.. Istituto Nazionale di Astrofísica. Osservatorio Astronómico di Palermo; Italia
Fil: Wright, N. J.. Keele University.; Reino Unido
Fil: Kashyap, V.. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Estados Unidos
Fil: Guarcello, M. G.. Istituto Nazionale di Astrofísica. Osservatorio Astronómico di Palermo; Italia
Fil: Briggs, K.. Universitat Hamburg; Alemania
Fil: Drew, J.. University of Hertfordshire; Reino Unido
Fil: Fenech, D.. University College London; Estados Unidos
Fil: Micela, G.. Istituto Nazionale di Astrofísica. Osservatorio Astronómico di Palermo; Italia
Fil: McCollough, M.. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Estados Unidos
Fil: Prinja, R. K.. University College London; Estados Unidos
Fil: Schneider, N.. University of Cologne; Alemania
Fil: Sciortino, S.. Istituto Nazionale di Astrofísica. Osservatorio Astronómico di Palermo; Italia
Fil: Vink, J. S.. College Hill. Armagh Observatory and Planetarium; Reino Unido
description We present a large-scale study of diffuse X-ray emission in the nearby massive stellar association Cygnus OB2 as part of the Chandra Cygnus OB2 Legacy Program. We used 40 Chandra X-ray ACIS-I observations covering ∼1.0 deg2. After removing 7924 point sources detected in our survey and applying adaptive smoothing to the background-corrected X-ray emission, the adaptive smoothing reveals large-scale diffuse X-ray emission. Diffuse emission was detected in the subbands soft (0.5−1.2 keV) and medium (1.2−2.5 keV) and marginally in the hard (2.5−7.0 keV) band. From X-ray spectral analysis of stacked spectra we compute a total (0.5–7.0 keV) diffuse X-ray luminosity of L Xdiff » 4.2 × 1034 erg s−1, characterized by plasma temperature components at kT ≈ 0.11, 0.40, and 1.18 keV, respectively. The H I absorption column density corresponding to these temperatures has a distribution consistent with NH = (0.43, 0.80, 1.39) × 1022 cm−2. The extended medium-band energy emission likely arises from O-type stellar winds thermalized by wind−wind collisions in the most populated regions of the association, while the soft-band emission probably arises from less energetic termination shocks against the surrounding interstellar medium. Supersoft and soft diffuse emission appear more widely dispersed and intense than the medium-band emission. The diffuse X-ray emission is generally spatially coincident with low-extinction regions that we attribute to the ubiquitous influence of powerful stellar winds from massive stars and their interaction with the local interstellar medium. Diffuse X-ray emission is volume filling, rather than edge brightened, oppositely to other star-forming regions. We reveal the first observational evidence of X-ray halos around some evolved massive stars.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2023-10
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11336/233590
Albacete Colombo, Juan Facundo; Drake, J. J.; Flaccomio, E.; Wright, N. J.; Kashyap, V.; et al.; Diffuse X-Ray Emission in the Cygnus OB2 Association; IOP Publishing; Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series; 269; 1; 10-2023; 1-23
0067-0049
CONICET Digital
CONICET
url http://hdl.handle.net/11336/233590
identifier_str_mv Albacete Colombo, Juan Facundo; Drake, J. J.; Flaccomio, E.; Wright, N. J.; Kashyap, V.; et al.; Diffuse X-Ray Emission in the Cygnus OB2 Association; IOP Publishing; Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series; 269; 1; 10-2023; 1-23
0067-0049
CONICET Digital
CONICET
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4365/acdd65
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.3847/1538-4365/acdd65
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv IOP Publishing
publisher.none.fl_str_mv IOP Publishing
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
reponame_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
collection CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname_str Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.name.fl_str_mv CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.mail.fl_str_mv dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar
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