On the Fundamental Causes of High Environmental Alkalinity (pH ≥ 9): An Assessment of Its Drivers and Global Distribution

Autores
Jobbagy Gampel, Esteban Gabriel; Tóth, Tibor; Nosetto, Marcelo Daniel; Earman, Sam
Año de publicación
2017
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Very alkaline environments exceeding calcite buffering are globally rare but conspicuous in many sedimentary plains of the World. While the deleterious effects of high alkalinity on soils are well understood, less agreement exists on its causes. We revise these causes to understand these exceptional environments and explain the pervasiveness of calcite buffering elsewhere. We argue that the injection of respired CO2 into stagnant hydrological systems subject to evaporative discharge is the key context for high alkalinization. The evolution of evaporites in nature reaches highly alkaline stages only when excess of (bi)carbonate with respect to divalent cations occurs. In most dry landscapes, evaporating groundwater solutions lose this condition as respired inorganic carbon (recharge zone supply) equilibrates with divalent cations from rocks (whole hydro-trajectory supply). Groundwater in stagnant landscapes avoids this limitation owing to short/shallow trajectories sustaining (bi)carbonate excess until evaporative discharge zones are reached. Flat sedimentary landscapes that are (i) wet enough to develop stagnation and have shallow water tables but (ii) sufficiently dry to expose them to evaporative concentration should host very alkaline soils. This is confirmed with >9,000 soil profiles from the global WISE database, which shows that profiles with pH ≥ 9 in the top meter are 2·7% globally but 18% in areas with low slope (<0·05%, 25-km radius, SRTM digital elevation model (SRTM DEM)) and semiarid–subhumid climate (annual precipitation to potential evapotranspiration ratio = 0·2–1, CRU database). Understanding how climate and vegetation change as well as irrigation practices influence hydrological stagnation and evaporative concentration may provide the key to manage very alkaline environments.
Fil: Jobbagy Gampel, Esteban Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Matemática Aplicada de San Luis ; Argentina
Fil: Tóth, Tibor. Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Centre for Agricultural Research. Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry; Hungría
Fil: Nosetto, Marcelo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Matemática Aplicada de San Luis ; Argentina
Fil: Earman, Sam. Millersville University; Estados Unidos
Materia
Alkalinization
Groundwater
Solonetz
Stagnation
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Institución
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
OAI Identificador
oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/65214
Acceder
id CONICETDig_c1d96aedc61b1bafd058f549a7952b22
oai_identifier_str oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/65214
network_acronym_str CONICETDig
repository_id_str 3498
network_name_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
spelling On the Fundamental Causes of High Environmental Alkalinity (pH ≥ 9): An Assessment of Its Drivers and Global DistributionJobbagy Gampel, Esteban GabrielTóth, TiborNosetto, Marcelo DanielEarman, SamAlkalinizationGroundwaterSolonetzStagnationhttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1Very alkaline environments exceeding calcite buffering are globally rare but conspicuous in many sedimentary plains of the World. While the deleterious effects of high alkalinity on soils are well understood, less agreement exists on its causes. We revise these causes to understand these exceptional environments and explain the pervasiveness of calcite buffering elsewhere. We argue that the injection of respired CO2 into stagnant hydrological systems subject to evaporative discharge is the key context for high alkalinization. The evolution of evaporites in nature reaches highly alkaline stages only when excess of (bi)carbonate with respect to divalent cations occurs. In most dry landscapes, evaporating groundwater solutions lose this condition as respired inorganic carbon (recharge zone supply) equilibrates with divalent cations from rocks (whole hydro-trajectory supply). Groundwater in stagnant landscapes avoids this limitation owing to short/shallow trajectories sustaining (bi)carbonate excess until evaporative discharge zones are reached. Flat sedimentary landscapes that are (i) wet enough to develop stagnation and have shallow water tables but (ii) sufficiently dry to expose them to evaporative concentration should host very alkaline soils. This is confirmed with >9,000 soil profiles from the global WISE database, which shows that profiles with pH ≥ 9 in the top meter are 2·7% globally but 18% in areas with low slope (<0·05%, 25-km radius, SRTM digital elevation model (SRTM DEM)) and semiarid–subhumid climate (annual precipitation to potential evapotranspiration ratio = 0·2–1, CRU database). Understanding how climate and vegetation change as well as irrigation practices influence hydrological stagnation and evaporative concentration may provide the key to manage very alkaline environments.Fil: Jobbagy Gampel, Esteban Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Matemática Aplicada de San Luis ; ArgentinaFil: Tóth, Tibor. Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Centre for Agricultural Research. Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry; HungríaFil: Nosetto, Marcelo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Matemática Aplicada de San Luis ; ArgentinaFil: Earman, Sam. Millersville University; Estados UnidosJohn Wiley & Sons Ltd2017-10info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/65214Jobbagy Gampel, Esteban Gabriel; Tóth, Tibor; Nosetto, Marcelo Daniel; Earman, Sam; On the Fundamental Causes of High Environmental Alkalinity (pH ≥ 9): An Assessment of Its Drivers and Global Distribution; John Wiley & Sons Ltd; Land Degradation & Development; 28; 7; 10-2017; 1973-19811085-3278CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1002/ldr.2718info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ldr.2718info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-09-29T09:53:06Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/65214instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-09-29 09:53:06.33CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv On the Fundamental Causes of High Environmental Alkalinity (pH ≥ 9): An Assessment of Its Drivers and Global Distribution
title On the Fundamental Causes of High Environmental Alkalinity (pH ≥ 9): An Assessment of Its Drivers and Global Distribution
spellingShingle On the Fundamental Causes of High Environmental Alkalinity (pH ≥ 9): An Assessment of Its Drivers and Global Distribution
Jobbagy Gampel, Esteban Gabriel
Alkalinization
Groundwater
Solonetz
Stagnation
title_short On the Fundamental Causes of High Environmental Alkalinity (pH ≥ 9): An Assessment of Its Drivers and Global Distribution
title_full On the Fundamental Causes of High Environmental Alkalinity (pH ≥ 9): An Assessment of Its Drivers and Global Distribution
title_fullStr On the Fundamental Causes of High Environmental Alkalinity (pH ≥ 9): An Assessment of Its Drivers and Global Distribution
title_full_unstemmed On the Fundamental Causes of High Environmental Alkalinity (pH ≥ 9): An Assessment of Its Drivers and Global Distribution
title_sort On the Fundamental Causes of High Environmental Alkalinity (pH ≥ 9): An Assessment of Its Drivers and Global Distribution
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Jobbagy Gampel, Esteban Gabriel
Tóth, Tibor
Nosetto, Marcelo Daniel
Earman, Sam
author Jobbagy Gampel, Esteban Gabriel
author_facet Jobbagy Gampel, Esteban Gabriel
Tóth, Tibor
Nosetto, Marcelo Daniel
Earman, Sam
author_role author
author2 Tóth, Tibor
Nosetto, Marcelo Daniel
Earman, Sam
author2_role author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Alkalinization
Groundwater
Solonetz
Stagnation
topic Alkalinization
Groundwater
Solonetz
Stagnation
purl_subject.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Very alkaline environments exceeding calcite buffering are globally rare but conspicuous in many sedimentary plains of the World. While the deleterious effects of high alkalinity on soils are well understood, less agreement exists on its causes. We revise these causes to understand these exceptional environments and explain the pervasiveness of calcite buffering elsewhere. We argue that the injection of respired CO2 into stagnant hydrological systems subject to evaporative discharge is the key context for high alkalinization. The evolution of evaporites in nature reaches highly alkaline stages only when excess of (bi)carbonate with respect to divalent cations occurs. In most dry landscapes, evaporating groundwater solutions lose this condition as respired inorganic carbon (recharge zone supply) equilibrates with divalent cations from rocks (whole hydro-trajectory supply). Groundwater in stagnant landscapes avoids this limitation owing to short/shallow trajectories sustaining (bi)carbonate excess until evaporative discharge zones are reached. Flat sedimentary landscapes that are (i) wet enough to develop stagnation and have shallow water tables but (ii) sufficiently dry to expose them to evaporative concentration should host very alkaline soils. This is confirmed with >9,000 soil profiles from the global WISE database, which shows that profiles with pH ≥ 9 in the top meter are 2·7% globally but 18% in areas with low slope (<0·05%, 25-km radius, SRTM digital elevation model (SRTM DEM)) and semiarid–subhumid climate (annual precipitation to potential evapotranspiration ratio = 0·2–1, CRU database). Understanding how climate and vegetation change as well as irrigation practices influence hydrological stagnation and evaporative concentration may provide the key to manage very alkaline environments.
Fil: Jobbagy Gampel, Esteban Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Matemática Aplicada de San Luis ; Argentina
Fil: Tóth, Tibor. Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Centre for Agricultural Research. Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry; Hungría
Fil: Nosetto, Marcelo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Matemática Aplicada de San Luis ; Argentina
Fil: Earman, Sam. Millersville University; Estados Unidos
description Very alkaline environments exceeding calcite buffering are globally rare but conspicuous in many sedimentary plains of the World. While the deleterious effects of high alkalinity on soils are well understood, less agreement exists on its causes. We revise these causes to understand these exceptional environments and explain the pervasiveness of calcite buffering elsewhere. We argue that the injection of respired CO2 into stagnant hydrological systems subject to evaporative discharge is the key context for high alkalinization. The evolution of evaporites in nature reaches highly alkaline stages only when excess of (bi)carbonate with respect to divalent cations occurs. In most dry landscapes, evaporating groundwater solutions lose this condition as respired inorganic carbon (recharge zone supply) equilibrates with divalent cations from rocks (whole hydro-trajectory supply). Groundwater in stagnant landscapes avoids this limitation owing to short/shallow trajectories sustaining (bi)carbonate excess until evaporative discharge zones are reached. Flat sedimentary landscapes that are (i) wet enough to develop stagnation and have shallow water tables but (ii) sufficiently dry to expose them to evaporative concentration should host very alkaline soils. This is confirmed with >9,000 soil profiles from the global WISE database, which shows that profiles with pH ≥ 9 in the top meter are 2·7% globally but 18% in areas with low slope (<0·05%, 25-km radius, SRTM digital elevation model (SRTM DEM)) and semiarid–subhumid climate (annual precipitation to potential evapotranspiration ratio = 0·2–1, CRU database). Understanding how climate and vegetation change as well as irrigation practices influence hydrological stagnation and evaporative concentration may provide the key to manage very alkaline environments.
publishDate 2017
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2017-10
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11336/65214
Jobbagy Gampel, Esteban Gabriel; Tóth, Tibor; Nosetto, Marcelo Daniel; Earman, Sam; On the Fundamental Causes of High Environmental Alkalinity (pH ≥ 9): An Assessment of Its Drivers and Global Distribution; John Wiley & Sons Ltd; Land Degradation & Development; 28; 7; 10-2017; 1973-1981
1085-3278
CONICET Digital
CONICET
url http://hdl.handle.net/11336/65214
identifier_str_mv Jobbagy Gampel, Esteban Gabriel; Tóth, Tibor; Nosetto, Marcelo Daniel; Earman, Sam; On the Fundamental Causes of High Environmental Alkalinity (pH ≥ 9): An Assessment of Its Drivers and Global Distribution; John Wiley & Sons Ltd; Land Degradation & Development; 28; 7; 10-2017; 1973-1981
1085-3278
CONICET Digital
CONICET
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1002/ldr.2718
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ldr.2718
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv John Wiley & Sons Ltd
publisher.none.fl_str_mv John Wiley & Sons Ltd
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
reponame_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
collection CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname_str Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.name.fl_str_mv CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.mail.fl_str_mv dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar
_version_ 1844613625361203200
score 13.070432

Publicaciones similares