Precursor-free eruption triggered by edifice rupture at Nyiragongo volcano

• Autores: Smittarello, D.; Smets, B.; Barrière, J.; Michellier, C.; Oth, A.; Shreve, T.; Grandin, R.; Theys, N.; Brenot, H.; Cayol, V.; Allard, P.; Caudron, C.; Chevrel, O.; Darchambeau, F.; de Buyl, P.; Delhaye, L.; Derauw, Dominique Maurice; Ganci, G.; Geirsson, H.; Kamate Kaleghetso, E.; Kambale Makundi, J.; Kambale Nguomoja, I.; Kasereka Mahinda, C.; Kervyn, M.; Kimanuka Ruriho, C.; Le Mével, H.; Molendijk, S.; Namur, O.; Poppe, S.; Schmid, M.; Subira, J.; Wauthier, C.; Yalire, M.; dOreye, N.; Kervyn, F.; Syavulisembo Muhindo, A.
• Año de publicación: 2022
• Idioma: inglés
• Tipo de recurso: artículo
• Materia: Nyiragongo eruption; precursor-free
• Institución: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

Classical mechanisms of volcanic eruptions mostly involve pressure buildup and magma ascent towards the surface1. Such processes produce geophysical and geochemical signals that may be detected and interpreted as eruption precursors1–3. On 22 May 2021, Mount Nyiragongo (Democratic Republic of the Congo), an open-vent volcano with a persistent lava lake perched within its summit crater, shook up this interpretation by producing an approximately six-hour-long flank eruption without apparent precursors, followed—rather than preceded—by lateral magma motion into the crust. Here we show that this reversed sequence was most likely initiated by a rupture of the edifice, producing deadly lava flows and triggering a voluminous 25-km-long dyke intrusion. The dyke propagated southwards at very shallow depth (less than 500 m) underneath the cities of Goma (Democratic Republic of the Congo) and Gisenyi (Rwanda), as well as Lake Kivu. This volcanic crisis raises new questions about the mechanisms controlling such eruptions and the possibility of facing substantially more hazardous events, such as effusions within densely urbanized areas, phreato-magmatism or a limnic eruption from the gas-rich Lake Kivu. It also more generally highlights the challenges faced with open-vent volcanoes for monitoring, early detection and risk management when a significant volume of magma is stored close to the surface.
Fil: Smittarello, D.. European Center for Geodynamics and Seismology; Luxemburgo
Fil: Smets, B.. Vrije Unviversiteit Brussel; Bélgica. Royal Museum for Central Africa; Bélgica
Fil: Barrière, J.. European Center For Geodynamics And Seismology; Luxemburgo
Fil: Michellier, C.. Royal Museum For Central Africa; Bélgica
Fil: Oth, A.. European Center For Geodynamics And Seismology; Luxemburgo
Fil: Shreve, T.. Carnegie Institution for Science; Estados Unidos
Fil: Grandin, R.. Université Paris Cité; Francia
Fil: Theys, N.. Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy; Bélgica
Fil: Brenot, H.. Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy; Bélgica
Fil: Cayol, V.. Université Clermont Auvergne; Francia
Fil: Allard, P.. Université Paris Cité; Francia
Fil: Caudron, C.. Université Libre de Bruxelles; Bélgica
Fil: Chevrel, O.. Université Clermont Auvergne; Francia
Fil: Darchambeau, F.. Contourglobal/kivuwatt Ltd; Ruanda
Fil: de Buyl, P.. Royal Meteorological Institute Of Belgium; Bélgica
Fil: Delhaye, L.. Royal Museum For Central Africa; Bélgica. Vrije Unviversiteit Brussel; Bélgica
Fil: Derauw, Dominique Maurice. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro; Argentina. Université de Liège; Bélgica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación en Paleobiología y Geología; Argentina
Fil: Ganci, G.. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia; Italia
Fil: Geirsson, H.. University of Iceland; Islandia
Fil: Kamate Kaleghetso, E.. Université de Goma; República Democrática del Congo. Goma Volcano Observatory; República Democrática del Congo. Katholikie Universiteit Leuven; Bélgica
Fil: Kambale Makundi, J.. Protection civile au Nord Kivu; República Democrática del Congo
Fil: Kambale Nguomoja, I.. Protection Civile de Goma; República Democrática del Congo
Fil: Kasereka Mahinda, C.. Goma Volcano Observatory; República Democrática del Congo
Fil: Kervyn, M.. Vrije Unviversiteit Brussel; Bélgica
Fil: Kimanuka Ruriho, C.. Institut National de la Statistique Nord-kivu; República Democrática del Congo
Fil: Le Mével, H.. Carnegie Institution Of Washington; Estados Unidos
Fil: Molendijk, S.. Katholikie Universiteit Leuven; Bélgica
Fil: Namur, O.. Katholikie Universiteit Leuven; Bélgica
Fil: Poppe, S.. Université Libre de Bruxelles; Bélgica. Polish Academy of Sciences; Argentina
Fil: Schmid, M.. Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; Suiza
Fil: Subira, J.. Royal Museum For Central Africa; Bélgica. Université de Liège; Bélgica. Goma Volcano Observatory; República Democrática del Congo. European Center For Geodynamics And Seismology; Luxemburgo
Fil: Wauthier, C.. The Pennsylvania State University; Estados Unidos
Fil: Yalire, M.. Goma Volcano Observatory; República Democrática del Congo
Fil: dOreye, N.. European Center For Geodynamics And Seismology; Luxemburgo. National Museum of Natural History; Luxemburgo
Fil: Kervyn, F.. Royal Museum For Central Africa; Bélgica
Fil: Syavulisembo Muhindo, A.. Goma Volcano Observatory; República Democrática del Congo