Sea slugs, subliminal pictures, and vegetative state patients: Boundaries of consciousness in classical conditioning

Autores
Bekinschtein, Tristán Andrés; Peeters, Moos; Shalóm, Diego Edgar; Sigman, Mariano
Año de publicación
2011
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Classical (trace) conditioning is a specific variant of associative learning in which a neutral stimulus leads to the subsequent prediction of an emotionally charged or noxious stimulus after a temporal gap. When conditioning is concurrent with a distraction task, only participants who can report the relationship (the contingency) between stimuli explicitly show associative learning. This suggests that consciousness is a prerequisite for trace conditioning. We review and question three main controversies concerning this view. Firstly, virtually all animals, even invertebrate sea slugs, show this type of learning; secondly, unconsciously perceived stimuli may elicit trace conditioning; and thirdly, some vegetative state patients show trace learning. We discuss and analyze these seemingly contradictory arguments to find the theoretical boundaries of consciousness in classical conditioning. We conclude that trace conditioning remains one of the best measures to test conscious processing in the absence of explicit reports. © 2011 Bekinschtein, Peeters, Shalom and Sigman.
Fil: Bekinschtein, Tristán Andrés. Mrc Cognition And Brain Sciences Unit;
Fil: Peeters, Moos. Mrc Cognition And Brain Sciences Unit;
Fil: Shalóm, Diego Edgar. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires; Argentina
Fil: Sigman, Mariano. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires; Argentina
Materia
APLYSIA
CONSCIOUSNESS
LEARNING
SUBLIMINAL
TRACE CONDITIONING
VEGETATIVE STATE
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Institución
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
OAI Identificador
oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/56540
Acceder
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network_name_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
spelling Sea slugs, subliminal pictures, and vegetative state patients: Boundaries of consciousness in classical conditioningBekinschtein, Tristán AndrésPeeters, MoosShalóm, Diego EdgarSigman, MarianoAPLYSIACONSCIOUSNESSLEARNINGSUBLIMINALTRACE CONDITIONINGVEGETATIVE STATEClassical (trace) conditioning is a specific variant of associative learning in which a neutral stimulus leads to the subsequent prediction of an emotionally charged or noxious stimulus after a temporal gap. When conditioning is concurrent with a distraction task, only participants who can report the relationship (the contingency) between stimuli explicitly show associative learning. This suggests that consciousness is a prerequisite for trace conditioning. We review and question three main controversies concerning this view. Firstly, virtually all animals, even invertebrate sea slugs, show this type of learning; secondly, unconsciously perceived stimuli may elicit trace conditioning; and thirdly, some vegetative state patients show trace learning. We discuss and analyze these seemingly contradictory arguments to find the theoretical boundaries of consciousness in classical conditioning. We conclude that trace conditioning remains one of the best measures to test conscious processing in the absence of explicit reports. © 2011 Bekinschtein, Peeters, Shalom and Sigman.Fil: Bekinschtein, Tristán Andrés. Mrc Cognition And Brain Sciences Unit;Fil: Peeters, Moos. Mrc Cognition And Brain Sciences Unit;Fil: Shalóm, Diego Edgar. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Sigman, Mariano. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFRONTIERS RES FOUND2011-12info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/56540Bekinschtein, Tristán Andrés; Peeters, Moos; Shalóm, Diego Edgar; Sigman, Mariano; Sea slugs, subliminal pictures, and vegetative state patients: Boundaries of consciousness in classical conditioning; FRONTIERS RES FOUND; Frontiers in Psychology; 2; 12-2011; 1-71664-1078CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22164148info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00337info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-09-29T09:36:38Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/56540instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-09-29 09:36:38.675CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Sea slugs, subliminal pictures, and vegetative state patients: Boundaries of consciousness in classical conditioning
title Sea slugs, subliminal pictures, and vegetative state patients: Boundaries of consciousness in classical conditioning
spellingShingle Sea slugs, subliminal pictures, and vegetative state patients: Boundaries of consciousness in classical conditioning
Bekinschtein, Tristán Andrés
APLYSIA
CONSCIOUSNESS
LEARNING
SUBLIMINAL
TRACE CONDITIONING
VEGETATIVE STATE
title_short Sea slugs, subliminal pictures, and vegetative state patients: Boundaries of consciousness in classical conditioning
title_full Sea slugs, subliminal pictures, and vegetative state patients: Boundaries of consciousness in classical conditioning
title_fullStr Sea slugs, subliminal pictures, and vegetative state patients: Boundaries of consciousness in classical conditioning
title_full_unstemmed Sea slugs, subliminal pictures, and vegetative state patients: Boundaries of consciousness in classical conditioning
title_sort Sea slugs, subliminal pictures, and vegetative state patients: Boundaries of consciousness in classical conditioning
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Bekinschtein, Tristán Andrés
Peeters, Moos
Shalóm, Diego Edgar
Sigman, Mariano
author Bekinschtein, Tristán Andrés
author_facet Bekinschtein, Tristán Andrés
Peeters, Moos
Shalóm, Diego Edgar
Sigman, Mariano
author_role author
author2 Peeters, Moos
Shalóm, Diego Edgar
Sigman, Mariano
author2_role author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv APLYSIA
CONSCIOUSNESS
LEARNING
SUBLIMINAL
TRACE CONDITIONING
VEGETATIVE STATE
topic APLYSIA
CONSCIOUSNESS
LEARNING
SUBLIMINAL
TRACE CONDITIONING
VEGETATIVE STATE
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Classical (trace) conditioning is a specific variant of associative learning in which a neutral stimulus leads to the subsequent prediction of an emotionally charged or noxious stimulus after a temporal gap. When conditioning is concurrent with a distraction task, only participants who can report the relationship (the contingency) between stimuli explicitly show associative learning. This suggests that consciousness is a prerequisite for trace conditioning. We review and question three main controversies concerning this view. Firstly, virtually all animals, even invertebrate sea slugs, show this type of learning; secondly, unconsciously perceived stimuli may elicit trace conditioning; and thirdly, some vegetative state patients show trace learning. We discuss and analyze these seemingly contradictory arguments to find the theoretical boundaries of consciousness in classical conditioning. We conclude that trace conditioning remains one of the best measures to test conscious processing in the absence of explicit reports. © 2011 Bekinschtein, Peeters, Shalom and Sigman.
Fil: Bekinschtein, Tristán Andrés. Mrc Cognition And Brain Sciences Unit;
Fil: Peeters, Moos. Mrc Cognition And Brain Sciences Unit;
Fil: Shalóm, Diego Edgar. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires; Argentina
Fil: Sigman, Mariano. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires; Argentina
description Classical (trace) conditioning is a specific variant of associative learning in which a neutral stimulus leads to the subsequent prediction of an emotionally charged or noxious stimulus after a temporal gap. When conditioning is concurrent with a distraction task, only participants who can report the relationship (the contingency) between stimuli explicitly show associative learning. This suggests that consciousness is a prerequisite for trace conditioning. We review and question three main controversies concerning this view. Firstly, virtually all animals, even invertebrate sea slugs, show this type of learning; secondly, unconsciously perceived stimuli may elicit trace conditioning; and thirdly, some vegetative state patients show trace learning. We discuss and analyze these seemingly contradictory arguments to find the theoretical boundaries of consciousness in classical conditioning. We conclude that trace conditioning remains one of the best measures to test conscious processing in the absence of explicit reports. © 2011 Bekinschtein, Peeters, Shalom and Sigman.
publishDate 2011
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2011-12
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11336/56540
Bekinschtein, Tristán Andrés; Peeters, Moos; Shalóm, Diego Edgar; Sigman, Mariano; Sea slugs, subliminal pictures, and vegetative state patients: Boundaries of consciousness in classical conditioning; FRONTIERS RES FOUND; Frontiers in Psychology; 2; 12-2011; 1-7
1664-1078
CONICET Digital
CONICET
url http://hdl.handle.net/11336/56540
identifier_str_mv Bekinschtein, Tristán Andrés; Peeters, Moos; Shalóm, Diego Edgar; Sigman, Mariano; Sea slugs, subliminal pictures, and vegetative state patients: Boundaries of consciousness in classical conditioning; FRONTIERS RES FOUND; Frontiers in Psychology; 2; 12-2011; 1-7
1664-1078
CONICET Digital
CONICET
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22164148
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00337
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv FRONTIERS RES FOUND
publisher.none.fl_str_mv FRONTIERS RES FOUND
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
reponame_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
collection CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname_str Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.name.fl_str_mv CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.mail.fl_str_mv dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar
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score 13.070432

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