Terrestrial Activity in Pitheciins (Cacajao, Chiropotes, and Pithecia)

• Autores: Barnett, Adrian A.; Boyle, Sarah A.; Norconk, Marilyn M.; Palminteri, Suzanne; Santos, Ricardo R.; Veiga, Liza M.; Alvim, Thiago H. G.; Bowler, Mark; Chism, Janice; Di Fiore, Anthony; Fernandez Duque, Eduardo; Guimarães, Ana C. P.; Harrison Levine, Amy; Haugaasen, Torbjørn; Lehman, Shawn; Mackinnon, Katherine C.; De Melo, Fabiano R.; Moreira, Leandro S.; Moura, Viviane S.; Phillips, Carson R.; Pinto, Liliam P.; Port Carvalho, Marcio; Setz, Eleonore Z. F.; Shaffer, Christopher; Da Silva, Lívia Rodrigues; Da Silva, Suleima Do S. B.; Soares, Rafaela F.; Thompson, Cynthia L.; Vieira, Tatiana M.; Vreedzaam, Arioene; Walker-Pacheco, Suzanne E.; Spironello, Wilson R.; Maclarnon, Ann; Ferrari, Stephen F.
• Año de publicación: 2012
• Idioma: inglés
• Tipo de recurso: artículo
• Materia: BEHAVIOR; PITHECIIDS; PRIMATES; TERRESTRIAL
• Institución: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

Neotropical monkeys of the genera Cacajao, Chiropotes, and Pithecia (Pitheciidae) are considered to be highly arboreal, spending most of their time feeding and traveling in the upper canopy. Until now, the use of terrestrial substrates has not been analyzed in detail in this group. Here, we review the frequency of terrestrial use among pitheciin taxa to determine the ecological and social conditions that might lead to such behavior. We collated published and unpublished data from 14 taxa in the three genera. Data were gleaned from 53 published studies (including five on multiple pitheciin genera) and personal communications of unpublished data distributed across 31 localities. Terrestrial activity was reported in 61% of Pithecia field studies (11 of 18), in 34% of Chiropotes studies (10 of 29), and 36% of Cacajao studies (4 of 11). Within Pithecia, terrestrial behavior was more frequently reported in smaller species (e.g. P. pithecia) that are vertical clingers and leapers and make extensive use of the understory than in in the larger bodied canopy dwellers of the western Amazon (e.g. P. irrorata). Terrestrial behavior in Pithecia also occurred more frequently and lasted longer than in Cacajao or Chiropotes. An apparent association was found between flooded habitats and terrestrial activity and there is evidence of the development of a "local pattern" of terrestrial use in some populations. Seasonal fruit availability also may stimulate terrestrial behavior. Individuals also descended to the ground when visiting mineral licks, escaping predators, and responding to accidents such as a dropped infant. Overall, the results of this review emphasize that terrestrial use is rare among the pitheciins in general and is usually associated with the exploitation of specific resources or habitat types. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fil: Barnett, Adrian A.. University of Roehampton; Reino Unido. Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; Brasil
Fil: Boyle, Sarah A.. Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; Brasil. Rhodes College; Estados Unidos
Fil: Norconk, Marilyn M.. University of Kent; Reino Unido
Fil: Palminteri, Suzanne. University of East Anglia; Reino Unido
Fil: Santos, Ricardo R.. Universidade Federal do Maranhao; Brasil
Fil: Veiga, Liza M.. Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi; Brasil
Fil: Alvim, Thiago H. G.. Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi; Brasil
Fil: Bowler, Mark. University of St. Andrews; Reino Unido
Fil: Chism, Janice. Winthrop University; Estados Unidos
Fil: Di Fiore, Anthony. University of Texas at Austin; Estados Unidos
Fil: Fernandez Duque, Eduardo. University of Pennsylvania; Estados Unidos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral; Argentina
Fil: Guimarães, Ana C. P.. Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi; Brasil
Fil: Harrison Levine, Amy. State University of Colorado at Boulder; Estados Unidos
Fil: Haugaasen, Torbjørn. Norges Miljø- Og Biovitenskapelige Universitet; Noruega
Fil: Lehman, Shawn. University of Toronto; Canadá
Fil: Mackinnon, Katherine C.. St. Louis University; Estados Unidos
Fil: De Melo, Fabiano R.. Universidade Federal de Goiás; Brasil
Fil: Moreira, Leandro S.. Universidade Federal de Goiás; Brasil
Fil: Moura, Viviane S.. Universidade Federal de Goiás; Brasil
Fil: Phillips, Carson R.. University Of Florida. Florida Museum Of History; Estados Unidos
Fil: Pinto, Liliam P.. National Center For Amazonian Biodiversity Research And Conservation; Brasil. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Brasil
Fil: Port Carvalho, Marcio. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil
Fil: Setz, Eleonore Z. F.. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Brasil
Fil: Shaffer, Christopher. Washington University in St. Louis; Estados Unidos
Fil: Da Silva, Lívia Rodrigues. Universidad Federal del Amazonas.; Brasil
Fil: Da Silva, Suleima Do S. B.. Universidade Federal do Pará; Brasil
Fil: Soares, Rafaela F.. Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi; Brasil
Fil: Thompson, Cynthia L.. Northeast Ohio Medical University; Estados Unidos
Fil: Vieira, Tatiana M.. Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi; Brasil
Fil: Vreedzaam, Arioene. Anton de Kom Universiteit Van Suriname; Surinam
Fil: Walker-Pacheco, Suzanne E.. Missouri State University; Estados Unidos
Fil: Spironello, Wilson R.. Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; Brasil
Fil: Maclarnon, Ann. University of Roehampton; Reino Unido
Fil: Ferrari, Stephen F.. Universidade Federal de Sergipe; Brasil