Temporal variation in pollination services to Cucurbita moschata is determined by bee gender and diversity

• Autores: Delgado-Carrillo, Oliverio; Martén-Rodríguez, Silvana; Ashworth, Lorena; Aguilar, Ramiro; Lopezaraiza-Mikel, Martha; Quesada, Mauricio
• Año de publicación: 2018
• Idioma: inglés
• Tipo de recurso: artículo
• Materia: APIS MELLIFERA; BEES; CROP POLLINATION; FRUIT SET; NATIVE POLLINATORS; PEPONAPIS; PLANT REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; POLLINATION SERVICE; POLLINATOR GENDER; SEED PRODUCTION; SQUASH; TROPICAL DRY FOREST
• Institución: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

It has been proposed that species-rich insect communities and species turnover across landscapes enhance the pollination efficiency of crops through complementarity, where both the dominant and less abundant species contribute to reaching a yield threshold from pollination. Alternatively, fluctuations in the most abundant pollinator species, rather than changes in species richness, may drive temporal variation in pollination services. In this study, we used Cucurbita moschata as a model to investigate temporal variation in pollinator communities in a Mexican tropical dry forest region. We sampled floral visitors in the coastal region of Jalisco during the wet and dry seasons and determined the pollination efficiency of all floral visitors. Our results showed that there was temporal variation in the pollinator community and in the pollination efficiency of the main pollinators of Cucurbita moschata crops. In the wet season, native bees of the genus Peponapis were the most frequent and effective pollinators of C. moschata, whereas in the dry season, Peponapis bees were scarce and Apis mellifera became the most frequent floral visitor. Apis mellifera transfers smaller pollen loads than Peponapis, but it provides an effective pollination service in conjunction with other native bees during the dry season. There was also an interaction between flower gender and pollinator species, where A. mellifera had higher visitation rate to female C. moschata flowers, and Peponapis bees to staminate flowers. Mean visitation rate by Peponapis female bees was 17 times higher than visitation rate by male bees. This is the first report of a vis-à-vis relationship of pollinator gender with respect to plant gender in which plants of the genus Cucurbita that produce unisexual staminate and pistillate flowers are differentially visited by Peponapis male and female bees, where females are the main pollinators. Understanding the temporal variation in pollinator communities and the contribution of the different species of pollinators to the reproductive success of different crop species and varieties can be crucial to maintaining pollination services under the current global pollination crisis.
Fil: Delgado-Carrillo, Oliverio. Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica; México. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México
Fil: Martén-Rodríguez, Silvana. Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica; México
Fil: Ashworth, Lorena. Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica; México. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina
Fil: Aguilar, Ramiro. Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica; México. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina
Fil: Lopezaraiza-Mikel, Martha. Universidad Autonoma de Guerrero; México
Fil: Quesada, Mauricio. Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica; México