Ectomycorrhizal Plant-Fungal Co-invasions as Natural Experiments for Connecting Plant and Fungal Traits to Their Ecosystem Consequences

• Autores: Hoeksema, Jason D.; Averill, Colin; Bhatnagar, Jennifer M.; Brzostek, Edward; Buscardo, Erika; Chen, Ko Hsuan; Liao, Hui Ling; Nagy, Laszlo; Policelli, Nahuel; Ridgeway, Joanna; Rojas, J. Alejandro; Vilgalys, Rytas
• Año de publicación: 2020
• Idioma: inglés
• Tipo de recurso: artículo
• Materia: CARBON AND NITROGEN CYCLING; ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; INTRODUCED SPECIES IMPACTS; INVASIVE SPECIES; PINUS (PINE)
• Institución: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

Introductions and invasions by fungi, especially pathogens and mycorrhizal fungi, are widespread and potentially highly consequential for native ecosystems, but may also offer opportunities for linking microbial traits to their ecosystem functions. In particular, treating ectomycorrhizal (EM) invasions, i.e., co-invasions by EM fungi and their EM host plants, as natural experiments may offer a powerful approach for testing how microbial traits influence ecosystem functions. Forests dominated by EM symbiosis have unique biogeochemistry whereby the secretions of EM plants and fungi affect carbon (C) and nutrient cycling; moreover, particular lineages of EM fungi have unique functional traits. EM invasions may therefore alter the biogeochemistry of the native ecosystems they invade, especially nitrogen (N) and C cycling. By identifying “response traits” that favor the success of fungi in introductions and invasions (e.g., spore dispersal and germination) and their correlations with “effect traits” (e.g., nutrient-cycling enzymes) that can alter N and C cycling (and affect other coupled elemental cycles), one may be able to predict the functional consequences for ecosystems of fungal invasions using biogeochemistry models that incorporate fungal traits. Here, we review what is already known about how EM fungal community composition, traits, and ecosystem functions differ between native and exotic populations, focusing on the example of EM fungi associated with species of Pinus introduced from the Northern into the Southern Hemisphere. We develop hypotheses on how effects of introduced and invasive EM fungi may depend on interactions between soil N availability in the exotic range and EM fungal traits. We discuss how such hypotheses could be tested by utilizing Pinus introductions and invasions as a model system, especially when combined with controlled laboratory experiments. Finally, we illustrate how ecosystem modeling can be used to link fungal traits to their consequences for ecosystem N and C cycling in the context of biological invasions, and we highlight exciting avenues for future directions in understanding EM invasion.
Fil: Hoeksema, Jason D.. University of Mississippi; Estados Unidos
Fil: Averill, Colin. No especifíca;
Fil: Bhatnagar, Jennifer M.. Boston University; Estados Unidos
Fil: Brzostek, Edward. West Virginia University; Estados Unidos
Fil: Buscardo, Erika. Universidade do Brasília; Brasil
Fil: Chen, Ko Hsuan. University of Florida; Estados Unidos
Fil: Liao, Hui Ling. University of Florida; Estados Unidos
Fil: Nagy, Laszlo. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Brasil
Fil: Policelli, Nahuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina
Fil: Ridgeway, Joanna. West Virginia University; Estados Unidos
Fil: Rojas, J. Alejandro. University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Estados Unidos
Fil: Vilgalys, Rytas. University of Duke; Estados Unidos