The costs of subsidies and externalities of economic activities driving nature decline

Autores
Reyes García, Victoria; Villasante, Sebastián; Benessaiah, Karina; Pandit, Ram; Agrawal, Arun; Claudet, Joachim; Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro; Kabisa, Mulako; Pereira, Laura; Zinngrebe, Yves
Año de publicación
2025
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Economic sectors that drive nature decline are heavily subsidized and produce large environmental externalities, for which calls are increasing to reform or eliminate subsidies and internalize the environmental costs of these sectors. We compile data on subsidies and externalities across six sectors driving biodiversity loss-agriculture, fossil fuels, forestry, infrastructure, fisheries and aquaculture, and mining. The most updated estimates suggest that subsidies to these sectors total between US$1.7 and US$3.2 trillion annually, while environmental externalities range between US$10.5 and US$22.6 trillion annually. Moreover, data gaps suggest that these figures underestimate the global magnitude of subsidies and externalities. We discuss the need and opportunities of building a baseline to account for the costs of subsidies and externalities of economic activities driving nature decline. A better understanding of the complexity, size, design, and effects of subsidies and externalities of such economic sectors could facilitate and expedite discussions to strengthen multilateral rules for their reform.
Fil: Reyes García, Victoria. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats; España. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; España
Fil: Villasante, Sebastián. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; España
Fil: Benessaiah, Karina. University of Guelph; Canadá
Fil: Pandit, Ram. University of Western Australia; Australia. Hokkaido University; Japón
Fil: Agrawal, Arun. University of Michigan; Estados Unidos. University of Notre Dame; Estados Unidos
Fil: Claudet, Joachim. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia. PSL Université Paris; Francia
Fil: Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones En Recursos Naturales, Agroecologia y Desarrollo Rural. - Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro. Instituto de Investigaciones En Recursos Naturales, Agroecologia y Desarrollo Rural.; Argentina
Fil: Kabisa, Mulako. University of the Witwatersrand; Sudáfrica
Fil: Pereira, Laura. University of the Witwatersrand; Sudáfrica. Stockholms Universitet; Suecia
Fil: Zinngrebe, Yves. Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research; Alemania
Materia
BIODIVERSITY
ENVIRONMENTALLY HARMFUL SUBSIDIES
EXTERNALITY
SUBSIDY REFORM
SUSTAINABLE FINANCE
TRANSFORMATIVE CHANGE
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Institución
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
OAI Identificador
oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/259634
Acceder
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oai_identifier_str oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/259634
network_acronym_str CONICETDig
repository_id_str 3498
network_name_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
spelling The costs of subsidies and externalities of economic activities driving nature declineReyes García, VictoriaVillasante, SebastiánBenessaiah, KarinaPandit, RamAgrawal, ArunClaudet, JoachimGaribaldi, Lucas AlejandroKabisa, MulakoPereira, LauraZinngrebe, YvesBIODIVERSITYENVIRONMENTALLY HARMFUL SUBSIDIESEXTERNALITYSUBSIDY REFORMSUSTAINABLE FINANCETRANSFORMATIVE CHANGESUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATIONhttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1Economic sectors that drive nature decline are heavily subsidized and produce large environmental externalities, for which calls are increasing to reform or eliminate subsidies and internalize the environmental costs of these sectors. We compile data on subsidies and externalities across six sectors driving biodiversity loss-agriculture, fossil fuels, forestry, infrastructure, fisheries and aquaculture, and mining. The most updated estimates suggest that subsidies to these sectors total between US$1.7 and US$3.2 trillion annually, while environmental externalities range between US$10.5 and US$22.6 trillion annually. Moreover, data gaps suggest that these figures underestimate the global magnitude of subsidies and externalities. We discuss the need and opportunities of building a baseline to account for the costs of subsidies and externalities of economic activities driving nature decline. A better understanding of the complexity, size, design, and effects of subsidies and externalities of such economic sectors could facilitate and expedite discussions to strengthen multilateral rules for their reform.Fil: Reyes García, Victoria. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats; España. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Villasante, Sebastián. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; EspañaFil: Benessaiah, Karina. University of Guelph; CanadáFil: Pandit, Ram. University of Western Australia; Australia. Hokkaido University; JapónFil: Agrawal, Arun. University of Michigan; Estados Unidos. University of Notre Dame; Estados UnidosFil: Claudet, Joachim. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia. PSL Université Paris; FranciaFil: Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones En Recursos Naturales, Agroecologia y Desarrollo Rural. - Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro. Instituto de Investigaciones En Recursos Naturales, Agroecologia y Desarrollo Rural.; ArgentinaFil: Kabisa, Mulako. University of the Witwatersrand; SudáfricaFil: Pereira, Laura. University of the Witwatersrand; Sudáfrica. Stockholms Universitet; SueciaFil: Zinngrebe, Yves. Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research; AlemaniaRoyal Swedish Academy of Sciences2025-02info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/259634Reyes García, Victoria; Villasante, Sebastián; Benessaiah, Karina; Pandit, Ram; Agrawal, Arun; et al.; The costs of subsidies and externalities of economic activities driving nature decline; Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; Ambio; 2025; 2-2025; 1-140044-7447CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13280-025-02147-3info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1007/s13280-025-02147-3info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-09-29T09:35:04Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/259634instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-09-29 09:35:04.978CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv The costs of subsidies and externalities of economic activities driving nature decline
title The costs of subsidies and externalities of economic activities driving nature decline
spellingShingle The costs of subsidies and externalities of economic activities driving nature decline
Reyes García, Victoria
BIODIVERSITY
ENVIRONMENTALLY HARMFUL SUBSIDIES
EXTERNALITY
SUBSIDY REFORM
SUSTAINABLE FINANCE
TRANSFORMATIVE CHANGE
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
title_short The costs of subsidies and externalities of economic activities driving nature decline
title_full The costs of subsidies and externalities of economic activities driving nature decline
title_fullStr The costs of subsidies and externalities of economic activities driving nature decline
title_full_unstemmed The costs of subsidies and externalities of economic activities driving nature decline
title_sort The costs of subsidies and externalities of economic activities driving nature decline
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Reyes García, Victoria
Villasante, Sebastián
Benessaiah, Karina
Pandit, Ram
Agrawal, Arun
Claudet, Joachim
Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro
Kabisa, Mulako
Pereira, Laura
Zinngrebe, Yves
author Reyes García, Victoria
author_facet Reyes García, Victoria
Villasante, Sebastián
Benessaiah, Karina
Pandit, Ram
Agrawal, Arun
Claudet, Joachim
Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro
Kabisa, Mulako
Pereira, Laura
Zinngrebe, Yves
author_role author
author2 Villasante, Sebastián
Benessaiah, Karina
Pandit, Ram
Agrawal, Arun
Claudet, Joachim
Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro
Kabisa, Mulako
Pereira, Laura
Zinngrebe, Yves
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv BIODIVERSITY
ENVIRONMENTALLY HARMFUL SUBSIDIES
EXTERNALITY
SUBSIDY REFORM
SUSTAINABLE FINANCE
TRANSFORMATIVE CHANGE
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
topic BIODIVERSITY
ENVIRONMENTALLY HARMFUL SUBSIDIES
EXTERNALITY
SUBSIDY REFORM
SUSTAINABLE FINANCE
TRANSFORMATIVE CHANGE
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
purl_subject.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Economic sectors that drive nature decline are heavily subsidized and produce large environmental externalities, for which calls are increasing to reform or eliminate subsidies and internalize the environmental costs of these sectors. We compile data on subsidies and externalities across six sectors driving biodiversity loss-agriculture, fossil fuels, forestry, infrastructure, fisheries and aquaculture, and mining. The most updated estimates suggest that subsidies to these sectors total between US$1.7 and US$3.2 trillion annually, while environmental externalities range between US$10.5 and US$22.6 trillion annually. Moreover, data gaps suggest that these figures underestimate the global magnitude of subsidies and externalities. We discuss the need and opportunities of building a baseline to account for the costs of subsidies and externalities of economic activities driving nature decline. A better understanding of the complexity, size, design, and effects of subsidies and externalities of such economic sectors could facilitate and expedite discussions to strengthen multilateral rules for their reform.
Fil: Reyes García, Victoria. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats; España. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; España
Fil: Villasante, Sebastián. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; España
Fil: Benessaiah, Karina. University of Guelph; Canadá
Fil: Pandit, Ram. University of Western Australia; Australia. Hokkaido University; Japón
Fil: Agrawal, Arun. University of Michigan; Estados Unidos. University of Notre Dame; Estados Unidos
Fil: Claudet, Joachim. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia. PSL Université Paris; Francia
Fil: Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones En Recursos Naturales, Agroecologia y Desarrollo Rural. - Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro. Instituto de Investigaciones En Recursos Naturales, Agroecologia y Desarrollo Rural.; Argentina
Fil: Kabisa, Mulako. University of the Witwatersrand; Sudáfrica
Fil: Pereira, Laura. University of the Witwatersrand; Sudáfrica. Stockholms Universitet; Suecia
Fil: Zinngrebe, Yves. Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research; Alemania
description Economic sectors that drive nature decline are heavily subsidized and produce large environmental externalities, for which calls are increasing to reform or eliminate subsidies and internalize the environmental costs of these sectors. We compile data on subsidies and externalities across six sectors driving biodiversity loss-agriculture, fossil fuels, forestry, infrastructure, fisheries and aquaculture, and mining. The most updated estimates suggest that subsidies to these sectors total between US$1.7 and US$3.2 trillion annually, while environmental externalities range between US$10.5 and US$22.6 trillion annually. Moreover, data gaps suggest that these figures underestimate the global magnitude of subsidies and externalities. We discuss the need and opportunities of building a baseline to account for the costs of subsidies and externalities of economic activities driving nature decline. A better understanding of the complexity, size, design, and effects of subsidies and externalities of such economic sectors could facilitate and expedite discussions to strengthen multilateral rules for their reform.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025-02
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11336/259634
Reyes García, Victoria; Villasante, Sebastián; Benessaiah, Karina; Pandit, Ram; Agrawal, Arun; et al.; The costs of subsidies and externalities of economic activities driving nature decline; Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; Ambio; 2025; 2-2025; 1-14
0044-7447
CONICET Digital
CONICET
url http://hdl.handle.net/11336/259634
identifier_str_mv Reyes García, Victoria; Villasante, Sebastián; Benessaiah, Karina; Pandit, Ram; Agrawal, Arun; et al.; The costs of subsidies and externalities of economic activities driving nature decline; Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; Ambio; 2025; 2-2025; 1-14
0044-7447
CONICET Digital
CONICET
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13280-025-02147-3
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1007/s13280-025-02147-3
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
reponame_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
collection CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname_str Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.name.fl_str_mv CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.mail.fl_str_mv dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar
_version_ 1844613089886994432
score 13.070432

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