Gamma band activity in the reticular activating system

Autores
Urbano Suarez, Francisco Jose; Kezunovic, Nebojsa; Hyde, James; Simon, Christen; Beck, Paige; Garcia Rill, Edgar
Año de publicación
2012
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
This review considers recent evidence showing that cells in three regions of the reticular activating system (RAS) exhibit gamma band activity, and describes the mechanisms behind such manifestation. Specifically, we discuss how cells in the mesopontine pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), intralaminar parafascicular nucleus (Pf), and pontine subcoeruleus nucleus dorsalis (SubCD) all fire in the beta/gamma band range when maximally activated, but no higher.The mechanisms behind this ceiling effect have been recently elucidated.We describe recent findings showing that every cell in the PPN have high-threshold, voltagedependent P/Q-type calcium channels that are essential, while N-type calcium channels are permissive, to gamma band activity. Every cell in the Pf also showed that P/Q-type and N-type calcium channels are responsible for this activity. On the other hand, every SubCD cell exhibited sodium-dependent subthreshold oscillations. A novel mechanism for sleep–wake control based on well-known transmitter interactions, electrical coupling, and gamma band activity is described. The data presented here on inherent gamma band activity demonstrates the global nature of sleep–wake oscillation that is orchestrated by brainstem–thalamic mechanism, and questions the undue importance given to the hypothalamus for regulation of sleep–wakefulness.The discovery of gamma band activity in the RAS follows recent reports of such activity in other subcortical regions like the hippocampus and cerebellum. We hypothesize that, rather than participating in the temporal binding of sensory events as seen in the cortex, gamma band activity manifested in the RAS may help stabilize coherence related to arousal, providing a stable activation state during waking and paradoxical sleep. Most of our thoughts and actions are driven by pre-conscious processes.We speculate that continuous sensory input will induce gamma band activity in the RAS that could participate in the processes of pre-conscious awareness, and provide the essential stream of information for the formulation of many of our actions.
Fil: Urbano Suarez, Francisco Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; Argentina
Fil: Kezunovic, Nebojsa. University Of Arkansas For Medical Sciences; Estados Unidos
Fil: Hyde, James. University Of Arkansas For Medical Sciences; Estados Unidos
Fil: Simon, Christen. University Of Arkansas For Medical Sciences; Estados Unidos
Fil: Beck, Paige. University Of Arkansas For Medical Sciences; Estados Unidos
Fil: Garcia Rill, Edgar. University Of Arkansas For Medical Sciences; Estados Unidos
Materia
RETICULAR ACTIVATING SYSTEM
PEDUNCULOPONTINE NUCLEUS
CALCIUM CHANNELS
GAMMA BAND OSCILLATIONS
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Institución
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
OAI Identificador
oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/20778

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network_name_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
spelling Gamma band activity in the reticular activating systemUrbano Suarez, Francisco JoseKezunovic, NebojsaHyde, JamesSimon, ChristenBeck, PaigeGarcia Rill, EdgarRETICULAR ACTIVATING SYSTEMPEDUNCULOPONTINE NUCLEUSCALCIUM CHANNELSGAMMA BAND OSCILLATIONShttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/3.1https://purl.org/becyt/ford/3This review considers recent evidence showing that cells in three regions of the reticular activating system (RAS) exhibit gamma band activity, and describes the mechanisms behind such manifestation. Specifically, we discuss how cells in the mesopontine pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), intralaminar parafascicular nucleus (Pf), and pontine subcoeruleus nucleus dorsalis (SubCD) all fire in the beta/gamma band range when maximally activated, but no higher.The mechanisms behind this ceiling effect have been recently elucidated.We describe recent findings showing that every cell in the PPN have high-threshold, voltagedependent P/Q-type calcium channels that are essential, while N-type calcium channels are permissive, to gamma band activity. Every cell in the Pf also showed that P/Q-type and N-type calcium channels are responsible for this activity. On the other hand, every SubCD cell exhibited sodium-dependent subthreshold oscillations. A novel mechanism for sleep–wake control based on well-known transmitter interactions, electrical coupling, and gamma band activity is described. The data presented here on inherent gamma band activity demonstrates the global nature of sleep–wake oscillation that is orchestrated by brainstem–thalamic mechanism, and questions the undue importance given to the hypothalamus for regulation of sleep–wakefulness.The discovery of gamma band activity in the RAS follows recent reports of such activity in other subcortical regions like the hippocampus and cerebellum. We hypothesize that, rather than participating in the temporal binding of sensory events as seen in the cortex, gamma band activity manifested in the RAS may help stabilize coherence related to arousal, providing a stable activation state during waking and paradoxical sleep. Most of our thoughts and actions are driven by pre-conscious processes.We speculate that continuous sensory input will induce gamma band activity in the RAS that could participate in the processes of pre-conscious awareness, and provide the essential stream of information for the formulation of many of our actions.Fil: Urbano Suarez, Francisco Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Kezunovic, Nebojsa. University Of Arkansas For Medical Sciences; Estados UnidosFil: Hyde, James. University Of Arkansas For Medical Sciences; Estados UnidosFil: Simon, Christen. University Of Arkansas For Medical Sciences; Estados UnidosFil: Beck, Paige. University Of Arkansas For Medical Sciences; Estados UnidosFil: Garcia Rill, Edgar. University Of Arkansas For Medical Sciences; Estados UnidosFrontiers Head Office-Online publication2012-01info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/20778Urbano Suarez, Francisco Jose; Kezunovic, Nebojsa; Hyde, James; Simon, Christen; Beck, Paige; et al.; Gamma band activity in the reticular activating system; Frontiers Head Office-Online publication; Frontiers in Neurology; 3; 1-2012; 1-16; 61664-2295CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.3389/fneur.2012.00006info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fneur.2012.00006/fullinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-09-29T10:25:21Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/20778instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-09-29 10:25:21.746CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Gamma band activity in the reticular activating system
title Gamma band activity in the reticular activating system
spellingShingle Gamma band activity in the reticular activating system
Urbano Suarez, Francisco Jose
RETICULAR ACTIVATING SYSTEM
PEDUNCULOPONTINE NUCLEUS
CALCIUM CHANNELS
GAMMA BAND OSCILLATIONS
title_short Gamma band activity in the reticular activating system
title_full Gamma band activity in the reticular activating system
title_fullStr Gamma band activity in the reticular activating system
title_full_unstemmed Gamma band activity in the reticular activating system
title_sort Gamma band activity in the reticular activating system
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Urbano Suarez, Francisco Jose
Kezunovic, Nebojsa
Hyde, James
Simon, Christen
Beck, Paige
Garcia Rill, Edgar
author Urbano Suarez, Francisco Jose
author_facet Urbano Suarez, Francisco Jose
Kezunovic, Nebojsa
Hyde, James
Simon, Christen
Beck, Paige
Garcia Rill, Edgar
author_role author
author2 Kezunovic, Nebojsa
Hyde, James
Simon, Christen
Beck, Paige
Garcia Rill, Edgar
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv RETICULAR ACTIVATING SYSTEM
PEDUNCULOPONTINE NUCLEUS
CALCIUM CHANNELS
GAMMA BAND OSCILLATIONS
topic RETICULAR ACTIVATING SYSTEM
PEDUNCULOPONTINE NUCLEUS
CALCIUM CHANNELS
GAMMA BAND OSCILLATIONS
purl_subject.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/becyt/ford/3.1
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/3
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv This review considers recent evidence showing that cells in three regions of the reticular activating system (RAS) exhibit gamma band activity, and describes the mechanisms behind such manifestation. Specifically, we discuss how cells in the mesopontine pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), intralaminar parafascicular nucleus (Pf), and pontine subcoeruleus nucleus dorsalis (SubCD) all fire in the beta/gamma band range when maximally activated, but no higher.The mechanisms behind this ceiling effect have been recently elucidated.We describe recent findings showing that every cell in the PPN have high-threshold, voltagedependent P/Q-type calcium channels that are essential, while N-type calcium channels are permissive, to gamma band activity. Every cell in the Pf also showed that P/Q-type and N-type calcium channels are responsible for this activity. On the other hand, every SubCD cell exhibited sodium-dependent subthreshold oscillations. A novel mechanism for sleep–wake control based on well-known transmitter interactions, electrical coupling, and gamma band activity is described. The data presented here on inherent gamma band activity demonstrates the global nature of sleep–wake oscillation that is orchestrated by brainstem–thalamic mechanism, and questions the undue importance given to the hypothalamus for regulation of sleep–wakefulness.The discovery of gamma band activity in the RAS follows recent reports of such activity in other subcortical regions like the hippocampus and cerebellum. We hypothesize that, rather than participating in the temporal binding of sensory events as seen in the cortex, gamma band activity manifested in the RAS may help stabilize coherence related to arousal, providing a stable activation state during waking and paradoxical sleep. Most of our thoughts and actions are driven by pre-conscious processes.We speculate that continuous sensory input will induce gamma band activity in the RAS that could participate in the processes of pre-conscious awareness, and provide the essential stream of information for the formulation of many of our actions.
Fil: Urbano Suarez, Francisco Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; Argentina
Fil: Kezunovic, Nebojsa. University Of Arkansas For Medical Sciences; Estados Unidos
Fil: Hyde, James. University Of Arkansas For Medical Sciences; Estados Unidos
Fil: Simon, Christen. University Of Arkansas For Medical Sciences; Estados Unidos
Fil: Beck, Paige. University Of Arkansas For Medical Sciences; Estados Unidos
Fil: Garcia Rill, Edgar. University Of Arkansas For Medical Sciences; Estados Unidos
description This review considers recent evidence showing that cells in three regions of the reticular activating system (RAS) exhibit gamma band activity, and describes the mechanisms behind such manifestation. Specifically, we discuss how cells in the mesopontine pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), intralaminar parafascicular nucleus (Pf), and pontine subcoeruleus nucleus dorsalis (SubCD) all fire in the beta/gamma band range when maximally activated, but no higher.The mechanisms behind this ceiling effect have been recently elucidated.We describe recent findings showing that every cell in the PPN have high-threshold, voltagedependent P/Q-type calcium channels that are essential, while N-type calcium channels are permissive, to gamma band activity. Every cell in the Pf also showed that P/Q-type and N-type calcium channels are responsible for this activity. On the other hand, every SubCD cell exhibited sodium-dependent subthreshold oscillations. A novel mechanism for sleep–wake control based on well-known transmitter interactions, electrical coupling, and gamma band activity is described. The data presented here on inherent gamma band activity demonstrates the global nature of sleep–wake oscillation that is orchestrated by brainstem–thalamic mechanism, and questions the undue importance given to the hypothalamus for regulation of sleep–wakefulness.The discovery of gamma band activity in the RAS follows recent reports of such activity in other subcortical regions like the hippocampus and cerebellum. We hypothesize that, rather than participating in the temporal binding of sensory events as seen in the cortex, gamma band activity manifested in the RAS may help stabilize coherence related to arousal, providing a stable activation state during waking and paradoxical sleep. Most of our thoughts and actions are driven by pre-conscious processes.We speculate that continuous sensory input will induce gamma band activity in the RAS that could participate in the processes of pre-conscious awareness, and provide the essential stream of information for the formulation of many of our actions.
publishDate 2012
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2012-01
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11336/20778
Urbano Suarez, Francisco Jose; Kezunovic, Nebojsa; Hyde, James; Simon, Christen; Beck, Paige; et al.; Gamma band activity in the reticular activating system; Frontiers Head Office-Online publication; Frontiers in Neurology; 3; 1-2012; 1-16; 6
1664-2295
CONICET Digital
CONICET
url http://hdl.handle.net/11336/20778
identifier_str_mv Urbano Suarez, Francisco Jose; Kezunovic, Nebojsa; Hyde, James; Simon, Christen; Beck, Paige; et al.; Gamma band activity in the reticular activating system; Frontiers Head Office-Online publication; Frontiers in Neurology; 3; 1-2012; 1-16; 6
1664-2295
CONICET Digital
CONICET
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.3389/fneur.2012.00006
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fneur.2012.00006/full
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Frontiers Head Office-Online publication
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Frontiers Head Office-Online publication
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
reponame_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
collection CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname_str Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.name.fl_str_mv CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.mail.fl_str_mv dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar
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