Breastfeeding while on treatment with antiseizure medications: a systematic review from the ILAE Women Task Force

• Autores: Tomson, Torbjörn; Battino, Dina; Bromley, Rebecca; Kochen, Sara Silvia; Meador, Kimford J.; Pennell, Page B.; Thomas, Sanjeev V.
• Año de publicación: 2022
• Idioma: inglés
• Tipo de recurso: artículo
• Materia: ANTISEIZURE MEDICATIONS; BREASTFEEDING; EPILEPSY; LACTATION
• Institución: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

We carried out a systematic review of published information on transfer of antiseizure medications (ASMs) into breastmilk, ASM serum concentrations in breastfed infants, and the wellbeing of infants breastfed by mothers on ASM treatment. Information was extracted from 85 relevant articles. No data on ASM levels in breastmilk or in breastfed infants was identified for cannabidiol, cenobamate, clobazam, eslicarbazepine-acetate, everolimus, felbamate, fenfluramine, retigabine, rufinamide, stiripentol, tiagabine, and vigabatrin. For ASMs, with available information on levels in breastfed infants, very low concentrations (in the order of 10% or less of maternal serum concentrations) were reported for carbamazepine, gabapentin, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, phenytoin, valproate, and clonazepam. Slightly higher levels (up to approximately 30% of maternal serum concentrations) have been observed with lamotrigine and topiramate, and in single case reports for brivaracetam, lacosamide, and perampanel. High infant levels (30% up to 100% of maternal serum concentrations) have been reported with ethosuximide, phenobarbital and zonisamide. Adverse infant effects during breastfeeding by mothers on ASMs appear to be rare regardless of the type of ASM, but systematic study is limited. Prospective long-term follow-up studies of developmental outcomes among children who have been breastfed by mothers taking ASMs are sparse and have mainly involved children whose mothers were taking carbamazepine, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, phenytoin or valproate as monotherapy while breastfeeding. Although these studies have not indicated poorer outcome among breastfed children compared with those who were not breastfed, further data on long-term outcomes are needed to draw firm conclusions. It is concluded that breastfeeding should in general be encouraged in women taking ASMs, given the well-established benefits of breastfeeding with regard to both short- and long-term infant health in the general population. Counselling needs to be individualized including information on the current knowledge regarding the woman's specific ASM treatment.
Fil: Tomson, Torbjörn. Karolinska Huddinge Hospital. Karolinska Institutet; Suecia
Fil: Battino, Dina. Instituto Neurologico Carlo Besta; Italia
Fil: Bromley, Rebecca. University of Manchester; Reino Unido. Royal Manchester Children's Hospital; Reino Unido
Fil: Kochen, Sara Silvia. Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche. Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Alta Complejidad en Red El Cruce Dr. Néstor Carlos Kirchner Samic. Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos; Argentina
Fil: Meador, Kimford J.. University of Stanford; Estados Unidos
Fil: Pennell, Page B.. Univeristy of Pittsburgh. School of Medicine; Estados Unidos
Fil: Thomas, Sanjeev V.. Institute For Communicative And Cognitive Neurosciences; India