Airborne Transmission Risk in Urban Buses: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study

Autores
Ramajo, Damian Enrique; Corzo, Santiago Francisco
Año de publicación
2022
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
The Heat, Ventilation, Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems in urban buses promote high particle motion. In this paper the effect of centralized roof-top HVAC on virus transmission by droplets caused by sneezing and coughing was studied with the Lagrangian approach while the transmission through aerosols caused by breathing and talking was modeled with the Eulerian tracer method. It was found that the large droplets (> 200 µm) can travel more than 3 m without being affected by the airflow. On the other hand, the small droplets (< 5 µm) are easily dragged, dispersed, and also captured by the HVAC. On the other hand, aerosols are quickly spread by the HVAC. It was found that the centralized roof-top HVAC reduces the concentration in the central zone, but it is ineffective to renew the air in the front and rear sides. The Wells-Riley risk model showed that the average risk across the whole bus can be reduced to a half and a quarter by renewing the air of the cabin 10 times per hour.
Fil: Ramajo, Damian Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones en Métodos Computacionales. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Centro de Investigaciones en Métodos Computacionales; Argentina
Fil: Corzo, Santiago Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones en Métodos Computacionales. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Centro de Investigaciones en Métodos Computacionales; Argentina
Materia
CFD
DROPLETS
LAGRANGIAN AND EULERIAN SIMULATION
URBAN BUS
VIRUS TRANSMISSION
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Institución
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
OAI Identificador
oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/204576
Acceder
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oai_identifier_str oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/204576
network_acronym_str CONICETDig
repository_id_str 3498
network_name_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
spelling Airborne Transmission Risk in Urban Buses: A Computational Fluid Dynamics StudyRamajo, Damian EnriqueCorzo, Santiago FranciscoCFDDROPLETSLAGRANGIAN AND EULERIAN SIMULATIONURBAN BUSVIRUS TRANSMISSIONhttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/2.3https://purl.org/becyt/ford/2The Heat, Ventilation, Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems in urban buses promote high particle motion. In this paper the effect of centralized roof-top HVAC on virus transmission by droplets caused by sneezing and coughing was studied with the Lagrangian approach while the transmission through aerosols caused by breathing and talking was modeled with the Eulerian tracer method. It was found that the large droplets (> 200 µm) can travel more than 3 m without being affected by the airflow. On the other hand, the small droplets (< 5 µm) are easily dragged, dispersed, and also captured by the HVAC. On the other hand, aerosols are quickly spread by the HVAC. It was found that the centralized roof-top HVAC reduces the concentration in the central zone, but it is ineffective to renew the air in the front and rear sides. The Wells-Riley risk model showed that the average risk across the whole bus can be reduced to a half and a quarter by renewing the air of the cabin 10 times per hour.Fil: Ramajo, Damian Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones en Métodos Computacionales. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Centro de Investigaciones en Métodos Computacionales; ArgentinaFil: Corzo, Santiago Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones en Métodos Computacionales. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Centro de Investigaciones en Métodos Computacionales; ArgentinaTaiwan Association for Aerosol Research-Taar2022-08info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/204576Ramajo, Damian Enrique; Corzo, Santiago Francisco; Airborne Transmission Risk in Urban Buses: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study; Taiwan Association for Aerosol Research-Taar; Aerosol And Air Quality Research; 22; 8; 8-2022; 1-201680-8584CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://aaqr.org/articles/aaqr-21-11-covid2-0334info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.4209/aaqr.210334info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-09-29T10:38:55Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/204576instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-09-29 10:38:55.593CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Airborne Transmission Risk in Urban Buses: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study
title Airborne Transmission Risk in Urban Buses: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study
spellingShingle Airborne Transmission Risk in Urban Buses: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study
Ramajo, Damian Enrique
CFD
DROPLETS
LAGRANGIAN AND EULERIAN SIMULATION
URBAN BUS
VIRUS TRANSMISSION
title_short Airborne Transmission Risk in Urban Buses: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study
title_full Airborne Transmission Risk in Urban Buses: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study
title_fullStr Airborne Transmission Risk in Urban Buses: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study
title_full_unstemmed Airborne Transmission Risk in Urban Buses: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study
title_sort Airborne Transmission Risk in Urban Buses: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Ramajo, Damian Enrique
Corzo, Santiago Francisco
author Ramajo, Damian Enrique
author_facet Ramajo, Damian Enrique
Corzo, Santiago Francisco
author_role author
author2 Corzo, Santiago Francisco
author2_role author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv CFD
DROPLETS
LAGRANGIAN AND EULERIAN SIMULATION
URBAN BUS
VIRUS TRANSMISSION
topic CFD
DROPLETS
LAGRANGIAN AND EULERIAN SIMULATION
URBAN BUS
VIRUS TRANSMISSION
purl_subject.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/becyt/ford/2.3
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/2
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv The Heat, Ventilation, Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems in urban buses promote high particle motion. In this paper the effect of centralized roof-top HVAC on virus transmission by droplets caused by sneezing and coughing was studied with the Lagrangian approach while the transmission through aerosols caused by breathing and talking was modeled with the Eulerian tracer method. It was found that the large droplets (> 200 µm) can travel more than 3 m without being affected by the airflow. On the other hand, the small droplets (< 5 µm) are easily dragged, dispersed, and also captured by the HVAC. On the other hand, aerosols are quickly spread by the HVAC. It was found that the centralized roof-top HVAC reduces the concentration in the central zone, but it is ineffective to renew the air in the front and rear sides. The Wells-Riley risk model showed that the average risk across the whole bus can be reduced to a half and a quarter by renewing the air of the cabin 10 times per hour.
Fil: Ramajo, Damian Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones en Métodos Computacionales. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Centro de Investigaciones en Métodos Computacionales; Argentina
Fil: Corzo, Santiago Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones en Métodos Computacionales. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Centro de Investigaciones en Métodos Computacionales; Argentina
description The Heat, Ventilation, Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems in urban buses promote high particle motion. In this paper the effect of centralized roof-top HVAC on virus transmission by droplets caused by sneezing and coughing was studied with the Lagrangian approach while the transmission through aerosols caused by breathing and talking was modeled with the Eulerian tracer method. It was found that the large droplets (> 200 µm) can travel more than 3 m without being affected by the airflow. On the other hand, the small droplets (< 5 µm) are easily dragged, dispersed, and also captured by the HVAC. On the other hand, aerosols are quickly spread by the HVAC. It was found that the centralized roof-top HVAC reduces the concentration in the central zone, but it is ineffective to renew the air in the front and rear sides. The Wells-Riley risk model showed that the average risk across the whole bus can be reduced to a half and a quarter by renewing the air of the cabin 10 times per hour.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2022-08
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11336/204576
Ramajo, Damian Enrique; Corzo, Santiago Francisco; Airborne Transmission Risk in Urban Buses: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study; Taiwan Association for Aerosol Research-Taar; Aerosol And Air Quality Research; 22; 8; 8-2022; 1-20
1680-8584
CONICET Digital
CONICET
url http://hdl.handle.net/11336/204576
identifier_str_mv Ramajo, Damian Enrique; Corzo, Santiago Francisco; Airborne Transmission Risk in Urban Buses: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study; Taiwan Association for Aerosol Research-Taar; Aerosol And Air Quality Research; 22; 8; 8-2022; 1-20
1680-8584
CONICET Digital
CONICET
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://aaqr.org/articles/aaqr-21-11-covid2-0334
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.4209/aaqr.210334
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Taiwan Association for Aerosol Research-Taar
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Taiwan Association for Aerosol Research-Taar
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
reponame_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
collection CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname_str Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.name.fl_str_mv CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.mail.fl_str_mv dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar
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score 13.070432

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