Pharmaceutical pollution of the world's rivers

• Autores: Wilkinson, John L.; Boxall, Alistair B.A.; Kolpin, Dana W.; Leung, Kenneth M.Y.; Lai, Racliffe W.S.; Galban Malag, Cristobal; Adell, Aiko D.; Mondon, Julie; Metian, Marc; Marchant, Robert A.; Bouzas Monroy, Alejandra; Cuni Sanchez, Aida; Coors, Anja; Carriquiriborde, Pedro; Rojo, Macarena Gisele; Gordon, Chris; Cara, Magdalena; Moermond, Monique; Luarte, Thais; Petrosyan, Vahagn; Perikhanyan, Yekaterina; Mahon, Clare S.; McGurk, Christopher J.; Hofmann, Thilo; Kormoker, Tapos; Iniguez, Volga; Guzman Otazo, Jessica; Tavares, Jean L.; de Figueiredo, Francisco Gildasio; Razzolini, Maria T.P.
• Año de publicación: 2022
• Idioma: inglés
• Tipo de recurso: artículo
• Materia: ANTIMICROBIALS; AQUATIC CONTAMINATION; GLOBAL POLLUTION; PHARMACEUTICALS; WASTEWATER
• Institución: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

Environmental exposure to active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can have negative effects on the health of ecosystems and humans. While numerous studies have monitored APIs in rivers, these employ different analytical methods, measure different APIs, and have ignored many of the countries of the world. This makes it difficult to quantify the scale of the problem from a global perspective. Furthermore, comparison of the existing data, generated for different studies/regions/continents, is challenging due to the vast differences between the analytical methodologies employed. Here, we present a global-scale study of API pollution in 258 of the world's rivers, representing the environmental influence of 471.4 million people across 137 geographic regions. Samples were obtained from 1,052 locations in 104 countries (representing all continents and 36 countries not previously studied for API contamination) and analyzed for 61 APIs. Highest cumulative API concentrations were observed in sub-Saharan Africa, south Asia, and South America. The most contaminated sites were in low- to middle-income countries and were associated with areas with poor wastewater and waste management infrastructure and pharmaceutical manufacturing. The most frequently detected APIs were carbamazepine, metformin, and caffeine (a compound also arising from lifestyle use), which were detected at over half of the sites monitored. Concentrations of at least one API at 25.7% of the sampling sites were greater than concentrations considered safe for aquatic organisms, or which are of concern in terms of selection for antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, pharmaceutical pollution poses a global threat to environmental and human health, as well as to delivery of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
Fil: Wilkinson, John L.. University of York; Reino Unido
Fil: Boxall, Alistair B.A.. University of York; Reino Unido
Fil: Kolpin, Dana W.. Central Midwest Water Science Center; Estados Unidos
Fil: Leung, Kenneth M.Y.. City University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong
Fil: Lai, Racliffe W.S.. City University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong
Fil: Galban Malag, Cristobal. Universidad Mayor; Chile
Fil: Adell, Aiko D.. Universidad Andrés Bello; Chile
Fil: Mondon, Julie. Deakin University; Australia
Fil: Metian, Marc. International Atomic Energy Agency; Mónaco
Fil: Marchant, Robert A.. University of York; Reino Unido
Fil: Bouzas Monroy, Alejandra. University of York; Reino Unido
Fil: Cuni Sanchez, Aida. University of York; Reino Unido
Fil: Coors, Anja. ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH; Alemania
Fil: Carriquiriborde, Pedro. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Química. Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente; Argentina
Fil: Rojo, Macarena Gisele. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Química. Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente; Argentina
Fil: Gordon, Chris. University of Ghana; Ghana
Fil: Cara, Magdalena. Agricultural University of Tirana; Albania
Fil: Moermond, Monique. Imperial College London; Reino Unido
Fil: Luarte, Thais. Universidad Andrés Bello; Chile
Fil: Petrosyan, Vahagn. Yerevan State University; Armenia
Fil: Perikhanyan, Yekaterina. Yerevan State University; Armenia
Fil: Mahon, Clare S.. University of Sydney; Australia
Fil: McGurk, Christopher J.. University of Sydney; Australia
Fil: Hofmann, Thilo. Universidad de Viena; Austria
Fil: Kormoker, Tapos. Patuakhali Science and Technology University; Bangladesh
Fil: Iniguez, Volga. Universidad Mayor de San Andrés; Bolivia
Fil: Guzman Otazo, Jessica. Karolinska Huddinge Hospital. Karolinska Institutet; Suecia
Fil: Tavares, Jean L.. Instituto Federal De Educacao, Ciencia e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte; Brasil
Fil: de Figueiredo, Francisco Gildasio. Instituto Federal De Educacao, Ciencia e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte; Brasil
Fil: Razzolini, Maria T.P.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil