A homogeneous database of sunspot areas covering more than 130 years
- Autores
- Balmaceda, Laura Antonia; Solanki, S. K.; Krivova, N. A.; Foster, S.
- Año de publicación
- 2009
- Idioma
- inglés
- Tipo de recurso
- artículo
- Estado
- versión publicada
- Descripción
- The historical record of sunspot areas is a valuable and widely used proxy of solar activity and variability. The Royal Greenwich Observatory regularly measured this and other parameters between 1874 and 1976. After that time records from a number of different observatories are available. These, however, show systematic differences and often have significant gaps. Our goal is to obtain a uniform and complete sunspot area time series by combining different data sets. A homogeneous composite of sunspot areas is essential for different applications in solar physics, among others for irradiance reconstructions. Data recorded simultaneously at different observatories are statistically compared in order to determine the intercalibration factors. Using these data we compile a complete and cross-calibrated time series. The Greenwich data set is used as a basis until 1976, the Russian data (a compilation of observations made at stations in the former USSR) are used between 1977 and 1985, and data compiled by the USAF network are used since 1986. Other data sets (Rome, Yunnan, and Catania) are used to fill up the remaining gaps. Using the final sunspot areas record the Photometric Sunspot Index is calculated. We also show that the use of uncalibrated sunspot areas data sets can seriously affect the estimate of irradiance variations. Our analysis implies that there is no basis for the claim that UV irradiance variations have a much smaller influence on climate than total solar irradiance variations.
Fil: Balmaceda, Laura Antonia. Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung; Alemania. Universidad de Valencia; España
Fil: Solanki, S. K.. Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung; Alemania
Fil: Krivova, N. A.. Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung; Alemania
Fil: Foster, S.. Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung; Alemania - Materia
-
Solar and stellar variability
Solar activity cycle
Solar irradiance
Solar/planetary relationships - Nivel de accesibilidad
- acceso abierto
- Condiciones de uso
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
- Repositorio
- Institución
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
- OAI Identificador
- oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/184752
Ver los metadatos del registro completo
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A homogeneous database of sunspot areas covering more than 130 yearsBalmaceda, Laura AntoniaSolanki, S. K.Krivova, N. A.Foster, S.Solar and stellar variabilitySolar activity cycleSolar irradianceSolar/planetary relationshipshttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1The historical record of sunspot areas is a valuable and widely used proxy of solar activity and variability. The Royal Greenwich Observatory regularly measured this and other parameters between 1874 and 1976. After that time records from a number of different observatories are available. These, however, show systematic differences and often have significant gaps. Our goal is to obtain a uniform and complete sunspot area time series by combining different data sets. A homogeneous composite of sunspot areas is essential for different applications in solar physics, among others for irradiance reconstructions. Data recorded simultaneously at different observatories are statistically compared in order to determine the intercalibration factors. Using these data we compile a complete and cross-calibrated time series. The Greenwich data set is used as a basis until 1976, the Russian data (a compilation of observations made at stations in the former USSR) are used between 1977 and 1985, and data compiled by the USAF network are used since 1986. Other data sets (Rome, Yunnan, and Catania) are used to fill up the remaining gaps. Using the final sunspot areas record the Photometric Sunspot Index is calculated. We also show that the use of uncalibrated sunspot areas data sets can seriously affect the estimate of irradiance variations. Our analysis implies that there is no basis for the claim that UV irradiance variations have a much smaller influence on climate than total solar irradiance variations.Fil: Balmaceda, Laura Antonia. Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung; Alemania. Universidad de Valencia; EspañaFil: Solanki, S. K.. Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung; AlemaniaFil: Krivova, N. A.. Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung; AlemaniaFil: Foster, S.. Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung; AlemaniaAmerican Geophysical Union2009-12info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/184752Balmaceda, Laura Antonia; Solanki, S. K.; Krivova, N. A.; Foster, S.; A homogeneous database of sunspot areas covering more than 130 years; American Geophysical Union; Journal of Geophysical Research; 114; 7; 12-2009; 1-120148-0227CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009JGRA..11407104Binfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2009JA014299info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1029/2009JA014299info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-09-29T10:01:52Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/184752instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-09-29 10:01:52.954CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
A homogeneous database of sunspot areas covering more than 130 years |
title |
A homogeneous database of sunspot areas covering more than 130 years |
spellingShingle |
A homogeneous database of sunspot areas covering more than 130 years Balmaceda, Laura Antonia Solar and stellar variability Solar activity cycle Solar irradiance Solar/planetary relationships |
title_short |
A homogeneous database of sunspot areas covering more than 130 years |
title_full |
A homogeneous database of sunspot areas covering more than 130 years |
title_fullStr |
A homogeneous database of sunspot areas covering more than 130 years |
title_full_unstemmed |
A homogeneous database of sunspot areas covering more than 130 years |
title_sort |
A homogeneous database of sunspot areas covering more than 130 years |
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
Balmaceda, Laura Antonia Solanki, S. K. Krivova, N. A. Foster, S. |
author |
Balmaceda, Laura Antonia |
author_facet |
Balmaceda, Laura Antonia Solanki, S. K. Krivova, N. A. Foster, S. |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Solanki, S. K. Krivova, N. A. Foster, S. |
author2_role |
author author author |
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
Solar and stellar variability Solar activity cycle Solar irradiance Solar/planetary relationships |
topic |
Solar and stellar variability Solar activity cycle Solar irradiance Solar/planetary relationships |
purl_subject.fl_str_mv |
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1 |
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv |
The historical record of sunspot areas is a valuable and widely used proxy of solar activity and variability. The Royal Greenwich Observatory regularly measured this and other parameters between 1874 and 1976. After that time records from a number of different observatories are available. These, however, show systematic differences and often have significant gaps. Our goal is to obtain a uniform and complete sunspot area time series by combining different data sets. A homogeneous composite of sunspot areas is essential for different applications in solar physics, among others for irradiance reconstructions. Data recorded simultaneously at different observatories are statistically compared in order to determine the intercalibration factors. Using these data we compile a complete and cross-calibrated time series. The Greenwich data set is used as a basis until 1976, the Russian data (a compilation of observations made at stations in the former USSR) are used between 1977 and 1985, and data compiled by the USAF network are used since 1986. Other data sets (Rome, Yunnan, and Catania) are used to fill up the remaining gaps. Using the final sunspot areas record the Photometric Sunspot Index is calculated. We also show that the use of uncalibrated sunspot areas data sets can seriously affect the estimate of irradiance variations. Our analysis implies that there is no basis for the claim that UV irradiance variations have a much smaller influence on climate than total solar irradiance variations. Fil: Balmaceda, Laura Antonia. Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung; Alemania. Universidad de Valencia; España Fil: Solanki, S. K.. Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung; Alemania Fil: Krivova, N. A.. Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung; Alemania Fil: Foster, S.. Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung; Alemania |
description |
The historical record of sunspot areas is a valuable and widely used proxy of solar activity and variability. The Royal Greenwich Observatory regularly measured this and other parameters between 1874 and 1976. After that time records from a number of different observatories are available. These, however, show systematic differences and often have significant gaps. Our goal is to obtain a uniform and complete sunspot area time series by combining different data sets. A homogeneous composite of sunspot areas is essential for different applications in solar physics, among others for irradiance reconstructions. Data recorded simultaneously at different observatories are statistically compared in order to determine the intercalibration factors. Using these data we compile a complete and cross-calibrated time series. The Greenwich data set is used as a basis until 1976, the Russian data (a compilation of observations made at stations in the former USSR) are used between 1977 and 1985, and data compiled by the USAF network are used since 1986. Other data sets (Rome, Yunnan, and Catania) are used to fill up the remaining gaps. Using the final sunspot areas record the Photometric Sunspot Index is calculated. We also show that the use of uncalibrated sunspot areas data sets can seriously affect the estimate of irradiance variations. Our analysis implies that there is no basis for the claim that UV irradiance variations have a much smaller influence on climate than total solar irradiance variations. |
publishDate |
2009 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2009-12 |
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/11336/184752 Balmaceda, Laura Antonia; Solanki, S. K.; Krivova, N. A.; Foster, S.; A homogeneous database of sunspot areas covering more than 130 years; American Geophysical Union; Journal of Geophysical Research; 114; 7; 12-2009; 1-12 0148-0227 CONICET Digital CONICET |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11336/184752 |
identifier_str_mv |
Balmaceda, Laura Antonia; Solanki, S. K.; Krivova, N. A.; Foster, S.; A homogeneous database of sunspot areas covering more than 130 years; American Geophysical Union; Journal of Geophysical Research; 114; 7; 12-2009; 1-12 0148-0227 CONICET Digital CONICET |
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009JGRA..11407104B info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2009JA014299 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1029/2009JA014299 |
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/ |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
American Geophysical Union |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
American Geophysical Union |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET) instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas |
reponame_str |
CONICET Digital (CONICET) |
collection |
CONICET Digital (CONICET) |
instname_str |
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar |
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1844613817255854080 |
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13.070432 |