A homogeneous database of sunspot areas covering more than 130 years

Autores
Balmaceda, Laura Antonia; Solanki, S. K.; Krivova, N. A.; Foster, S.
Año de publicación
2009
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
The historical record of sunspot areas is a valuable and widely used proxy of solar activity and variability. The Royal Greenwich Observatory regularly measured this and other parameters between 1874 and 1976. After that time records from a number of different observatories are available. These, however, show systematic differences and often have significant gaps. Our goal is to obtain a uniform and complete sunspot area time series by combining different data sets. A homogeneous composite of sunspot areas is essential for different applications in solar physics, among others for irradiance reconstructions. Data recorded simultaneously at different observatories are statistically compared in order to determine the intercalibration factors. Using these data we compile a complete and cross-calibrated time series. The Greenwich data set is used as a basis until 1976, the Russian data (a compilation of observations made at stations in the former USSR) are used between 1977 and 1985, and data compiled by the USAF network are used since 1986. Other data sets (Rome, Yunnan, and Catania) are used to fill up the remaining gaps. Using the final sunspot areas record the Photometric Sunspot Index is calculated. We also show that the use of uncalibrated sunspot areas data sets can seriously affect the estimate of irradiance variations. Our analysis implies that there is no basis for the claim that UV irradiance variations have a much smaller influence on climate than total solar irradiance variations.
Fil: Balmaceda, Laura Antonia. Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung; Alemania. Universidad de Valencia; España
Fil: Solanki, S. K.. Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung; Alemania
Fil: Krivova, N. A.. Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung; Alemania
Fil: Foster, S.. Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung; Alemania
Materia
Solar and stellar variability
Solar activity cycle
Solar irradiance
Solar/planetary relationships
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Institución
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
OAI Identificador
oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/184752

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spelling A homogeneous database of sunspot areas covering more than 130 yearsBalmaceda, Laura AntoniaSolanki, S. K.Krivova, N. A.Foster, S.Solar and stellar variabilitySolar activity cycleSolar irradianceSolar/planetary relationshipshttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1The historical record of sunspot areas is a valuable and widely used proxy of solar activity and variability. The Royal Greenwich Observatory regularly measured this and other parameters between 1874 and 1976. After that time records from a number of different observatories are available. These, however, show systematic differences and often have significant gaps. Our goal is to obtain a uniform and complete sunspot area time series by combining different data sets. A homogeneous composite of sunspot areas is essential for different applications in solar physics, among others for irradiance reconstructions. Data recorded simultaneously at different observatories are statistically compared in order to determine the intercalibration factors. Using these data we compile a complete and cross-calibrated time series. The Greenwich data set is used as a basis until 1976, the Russian data (a compilation of observations made at stations in the former USSR) are used between 1977 and 1985, and data compiled by the USAF network are used since 1986. Other data sets (Rome, Yunnan, and Catania) are used to fill up the remaining gaps. Using the final sunspot areas record the Photometric Sunspot Index is calculated. We also show that the use of uncalibrated sunspot areas data sets can seriously affect the estimate of irradiance variations. Our analysis implies that there is no basis for the claim that UV irradiance variations have a much smaller influence on climate than total solar irradiance variations.Fil: Balmaceda, Laura Antonia. Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung; Alemania. Universidad de Valencia; EspañaFil: Solanki, S. K.. Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung; AlemaniaFil: Krivova, N. A.. Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung; AlemaniaFil: Foster, S.. Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung; AlemaniaAmerican Geophysical Union2009-12info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/184752Balmaceda, Laura Antonia; Solanki, S. K.; Krivova, N. A.; Foster, S.; A homogeneous database of sunspot areas covering more than 130 years; American Geophysical Union; Journal of Geophysical Research; 114; 7; 12-2009; 1-120148-0227CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009JGRA..11407104Binfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2009JA014299info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1029/2009JA014299info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-09-29T10:01:52Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/184752instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-09-29 10:01:52.954CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv A homogeneous database of sunspot areas covering more than 130 years
title A homogeneous database of sunspot areas covering more than 130 years
spellingShingle A homogeneous database of sunspot areas covering more than 130 years
Balmaceda, Laura Antonia
Solar and stellar variability
Solar activity cycle
Solar irradiance
Solar/planetary relationships
title_short A homogeneous database of sunspot areas covering more than 130 years
title_full A homogeneous database of sunspot areas covering more than 130 years
title_fullStr A homogeneous database of sunspot areas covering more than 130 years
title_full_unstemmed A homogeneous database of sunspot areas covering more than 130 years
title_sort A homogeneous database of sunspot areas covering more than 130 years
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Balmaceda, Laura Antonia
Solanki, S. K.
Krivova, N. A.
Foster, S.
author Balmaceda, Laura Antonia
author_facet Balmaceda, Laura Antonia
Solanki, S. K.
Krivova, N. A.
Foster, S.
author_role author
author2 Solanki, S. K.
Krivova, N. A.
Foster, S.
author2_role author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Solar and stellar variability
Solar activity cycle
Solar irradiance
Solar/planetary relationships
topic Solar and stellar variability
Solar activity cycle
Solar irradiance
Solar/planetary relationships
purl_subject.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv The historical record of sunspot areas is a valuable and widely used proxy of solar activity and variability. The Royal Greenwich Observatory regularly measured this and other parameters between 1874 and 1976. After that time records from a number of different observatories are available. These, however, show systematic differences and often have significant gaps. Our goal is to obtain a uniform and complete sunspot area time series by combining different data sets. A homogeneous composite of sunspot areas is essential for different applications in solar physics, among others for irradiance reconstructions. Data recorded simultaneously at different observatories are statistically compared in order to determine the intercalibration factors. Using these data we compile a complete and cross-calibrated time series. The Greenwich data set is used as a basis until 1976, the Russian data (a compilation of observations made at stations in the former USSR) are used between 1977 and 1985, and data compiled by the USAF network are used since 1986. Other data sets (Rome, Yunnan, and Catania) are used to fill up the remaining gaps. Using the final sunspot areas record the Photometric Sunspot Index is calculated. We also show that the use of uncalibrated sunspot areas data sets can seriously affect the estimate of irradiance variations. Our analysis implies that there is no basis for the claim that UV irradiance variations have a much smaller influence on climate than total solar irradiance variations.
Fil: Balmaceda, Laura Antonia. Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung; Alemania. Universidad de Valencia; España
Fil: Solanki, S. K.. Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung; Alemania
Fil: Krivova, N. A.. Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung; Alemania
Fil: Foster, S.. Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung; Alemania
description The historical record of sunspot areas is a valuable and widely used proxy of solar activity and variability. The Royal Greenwich Observatory regularly measured this and other parameters between 1874 and 1976. After that time records from a number of different observatories are available. These, however, show systematic differences and often have significant gaps. Our goal is to obtain a uniform and complete sunspot area time series by combining different data sets. A homogeneous composite of sunspot areas is essential for different applications in solar physics, among others for irradiance reconstructions. Data recorded simultaneously at different observatories are statistically compared in order to determine the intercalibration factors. Using these data we compile a complete and cross-calibrated time series. The Greenwich data set is used as a basis until 1976, the Russian data (a compilation of observations made at stations in the former USSR) are used between 1977 and 1985, and data compiled by the USAF network are used since 1986. Other data sets (Rome, Yunnan, and Catania) are used to fill up the remaining gaps. Using the final sunspot areas record the Photometric Sunspot Index is calculated. We also show that the use of uncalibrated sunspot areas data sets can seriously affect the estimate of irradiance variations. Our analysis implies that there is no basis for the claim that UV irradiance variations have a much smaller influence on climate than total solar irradiance variations.
publishDate 2009
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2009-12
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11336/184752
Balmaceda, Laura Antonia; Solanki, S. K.; Krivova, N. A.; Foster, S.; A homogeneous database of sunspot areas covering more than 130 years; American Geophysical Union; Journal of Geophysical Research; 114; 7; 12-2009; 1-12
0148-0227
CONICET Digital
CONICET
url http://hdl.handle.net/11336/184752
identifier_str_mv Balmaceda, Laura Antonia; Solanki, S. K.; Krivova, N. A.; Foster, S.; A homogeneous database of sunspot areas covering more than 130 years; American Geophysical Union; Journal of Geophysical Research; 114; 7; 12-2009; 1-12
0148-0227
CONICET Digital
CONICET
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009JGRA..11407104B
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2009JA014299
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1029/2009JA014299
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv American Geophysical Union
publisher.none.fl_str_mv American Geophysical Union
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
reponame_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
collection CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname_str Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.name.fl_str_mv CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.mail.fl_str_mv dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar
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