Dresses and ties: The effect of grammatical gender and stereotypical semantic bias in three Spanish-speaking communities

Autores
Zunino, Gabriela Mariel; Aguilar, Miriam; Stetie, Noelia Ayelen; Martínez Rebolledo, Camila; Hinojosa, José Antonio
Año de publicación
2025
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Stereotype construction is a complex process, with multiple relations to language processing, that combines collective sociocultural factors with individual cognitive elements. Regarding gendered languages, there is a debate about the effect of grammatical gender on the representation of inanimate entities. To evaluate the potential interaction between gender stereotypes and gender morphology on words that refer to inanimate entities in three different communities of Spanish speakers, we developed a task of conscious judgments on the level of association to men or women of words that refer to objects. In a 3 × 2 × 3 × 2 design, we manipulated Semantic Bias (gender stereotypicality), with three levels (male, e.g., martillo, hammer-M; female, e.g., vestido, dress-M; neutral, e.g., lápiz, pencil-M); Morphology, with two levels (masculine, e.g., vestido, dress-M; feminine, e.g., pulsera, bracelet-F); Linguistic variety, with three levels (Argentine, Chilean and Peninsular) and Questionnaire, with two levels (related to men vs. related to women). The results showed that grammatical gender has an effect on words that refer to inanimate entities when those words do not carry a strong stereotypical association (neutral items), semantic bias related to gender stereotypes overshadows any potential effect of grammatical gender in biased items, and there are differences depending on the community (Argentine, Chilean and Peninsular).
Fil: Zunino, Gabriela Mariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Lingüística; Argentina
Fil: Aguilar, Miriam. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; España
Fil: Stetie, Noelia Ayelen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Lingüística; Argentina
Fil: Martínez Rebolledo, Camila. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Chile
Fil: Hinojosa, José Antonio. Universidad Nebrija; España. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; España
Materia
GENDERED LANGUAGES
GENDER STEREOTYPES
GRAMMATICAL GENDER
LEXICAL PROCESSING
MENTAL REPRESENTATION
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Institución
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
OAI Identificador
oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/267054
Acceder
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repository_id_str 3498
network_name_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
spelling Dresses and ties: The effect of grammatical gender and stereotypical semantic bias in three Spanish-speaking communitiesZunino, Gabriela MarielAguilar, MiriamStetie, Noelia AyelenMartínez Rebolledo, CamilaHinojosa, José AntonioGENDERED LANGUAGESGENDER STEREOTYPESGRAMMATICAL GENDERLEXICAL PROCESSINGMENTAL REPRESENTATIONhttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/6.2https://purl.org/becyt/ford/6Stereotype construction is a complex process, with multiple relations to language processing, that combines collective sociocultural factors with individual cognitive elements. Regarding gendered languages, there is a debate about the effect of grammatical gender on the representation of inanimate entities. To evaluate the potential interaction between gender stereotypes and gender morphology on words that refer to inanimate entities in three different communities of Spanish speakers, we developed a task of conscious judgments on the level of association to men or women of words that refer to objects. In a 3 × 2 × 3 × 2 design, we manipulated Semantic Bias (gender stereotypicality), with three levels (male, e.g., martillo, hammer-M; female, e.g., vestido, dress-M; neutral, e.g., lápiz, pencil-M); Morphology, with two levels (masculine, e.g., vestido, dress-M; feminine, e.g., pulsera, bracelet-F); Linguistic variety, with three levels (Argentine, Chilean and Peninsular) and Questionnaire, with two levels (related to men vs. related to women). The results showed that grammatical gender has an effect on words that refer to inanimate entities when those words do not carry a strong stereotypical association (neutral items), semantic bias related to gender stereotypes overshadows any potential effect of grammatical gender in biased items, and there are differences depending on the community (Argentine, Chilean and Peninsular).Fil: Zunino, Gabriela Mariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Lingüística; ArgentinaFil: Aguilar, Miriam. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; EspañaFil: Stetie, Noelia Ayelen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Lingüística; ArgentinaFil: Martínez Rebolledo, Camila. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; ChileFil: Hinojosa, José Antonio. Universidad Nebrija; España. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; EspañaCambridge University Press2025-02info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/267054Zunino, Gabriela Mariel; Aguilar, Miriam; Stetie, Noelia Ayelen; Martínez Rebolledo, Camila; Hinojosa, José Antonio; Dresses and ties: The effect of grammatical gender and stereotypical semantic bias in three Spanish-speaking communities; Cambridge University Press; Language and Cognition; 17; 2-2025; 1-281866-98081866-9859CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/language-and-cognition/article/dresses-and-ties-the-effect-of-grammatical-gender-and-stereotypical-semantic-bias-in-three-spanishspeaking-communities/713D921D3E23471D8565D46F780CE8FDinfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1017/langcog.2025.4info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-09-03T10:06:52Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/267054instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-09-03 10:06:53.194CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Dresses and ties: The effect of grammatical gender and stereotypical semantic bias in three Spanish-speaking communities
title Dresses and ties: The effect of grammatical gender and stereotypical semantic bias in three Spanish-speaking communities
spellingShingle Dresses and ties: The effect of grammatical gender and stereotypical semantic bias in three Spanish-speaking communities
Zunino, Gabriela Mariel
GENDERED LANGUAGES
GENDER STEREOTYPES
GRAMMATICAL GENDER
LEXICAL PROCESSING
MENTAL REPRESENTATION
title_short Dresses and ties: The effect of grammatical gender and stereotypical semantic bias in three Spanish-speaking communities
title_full Dresses and ties: The effect of grammatical gender and stereotypical semantic bias in three Spanish-speaking communities
title_fullStr Dresses and ties: The effect of grammatical gender and stereotypical semantic bias in three Spanish-speaking communities
title_full_unstemmed Dresses and ties: The effect of grammatical gender and stereotypical semantic bias in three Spanish-speaking communities
title_sort Dresses and ties: The effect of grammatical gender and stereotypical semantic bias in three Spanish-speaking communities
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Zunino, Gabriela Mariel
Aguilar, Miriam
Stetie, Noelia Ayelen
Martínez Rebolledo, Camila
Hinojosa, José Antonio
author Zunino, Gabriela Mariel
author_facet Zunino, Gabriela Mariel
Aguilar, Miriam
Stetie, Noelia Ayelen
Martínez Rebolledo, Camila
Hinojosa, José Antonio
author_role author
author2 Aguilar, Miriam
Stetie, Noelia Ayelen
Martínez Rebolledo, Camila
Hinojosa, José Antonio
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv GENDERED LANGUAGES
GENDER STEREOTYPES
GRAMMATICAL GENDER
LEXICAL PROCESSING
MENTAL REPRESENTATION
topic GENDERED LANGUAGES
GENDER STEREOTYPES
GRAMMATICAL GENDER
LEXICAL PROCESSING
MENTAL REPRESENTATION
purl_subject.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/becyt/ford/6.2
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/6
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Stereotype construction is a complex process, with multiple relations to language processing, that combines collective sociocultural factors with individual cognitive elements. Regarding gendered languages, there is a debate about the effect of grammatical gender on the representation of inanimate entities. To evaluate the potential interaction between gender stereotypes and gender morphology on words that refer to inanimate entities in three different communities of Spanish speakers, we developed a task of conscious judgments on the level of association to men or women of words that refer to objects. In a 3 × 2 × 3 × 2 design, we manipulated Semantic Bias (gender stereotypicality), with three levels (male, e.g., martillo, hammer-M; female, e.g., vestido, dress-M; neutral, e.g., lápiz, pencil-M); Morphology, with two levels (masculine, e.g., vestido, dress-M; feminine, e.g., pulsera, bracelet-F); Linguistic variety, with three levels (Argentine, Chilean and Peninsular) and Questionnaire, with two levels (related to men vs. related to women). The results showed that grammatical gender has an effect on words that refer to inanimate entities when those words do not carry a strong stereotypical association (neutral items), semantic bias related to gender stereotypes overshadows any potential effect of grammatical gender in biased items, and there are differences depending on the community (Argentine, Chilean and Peninsular).
Fil: Zunino, Gabriela Mariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Lingüística; Argentina
Fil: Aguilar, Miriam. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; España
Fil: Stetie, Noelia Ayelen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Lingüística; Argentina
Fil: Martínez Rebolledo, Camila. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Chile
Fil: Hinojosa, José Antonio. Universidad Nebrija; España. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; España
description Stereotype construction is a complex process, with multiple relations to language processing, that combines collective sociocultural factors with individual cognitive elements. Regarding gendered languages, there is a debate about the effect of grammatical gender on the representation of inanimate entities. To evaluate the potential interaction between gender stereotypes and gender morphology on words that refer to inanimate entities in three different communities of Spanish speakers, we developed a task of conscious judgments on the level of association to men or women of words that refer to objects. In a 3 × 2 × 3 × 2 design, we manipulated Semantic Bias (gender stereotypicality), with three levels (male, e.g., martillo, hammer-M; female, e.g., vestido, dress-M; neutral, e.g., lápiz, pencil-M); Morphology, with two levels (masculine, e.g., vestido, dress-M; feminine, e.g., pulsera, bracelet-F); Linguistic variety, with three levels (Argentine, Chilean and Peninsular) and Questionnaire, with two levels (related to men vs. related to women). The results showed that grammatical gender has an effect on words that refer to inanimate entities when those words do not carry a strong stereotypical association (neutral items), semantic bias related to gender stereotypes overshadows any potential effect of grammatical gender in biased items, and there are differences depending on the community (Argentine, Chilean and Peninsular).
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025-02
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11336/267054
Zunino, Gabriela Mariel; Aguilar, Miriam; Stetie, Noelia Ayelen; Martínez Rebolledo, Camila; Hinojosa, José Antonio; Dresses and ties: The effect of grammatical gender and stereotypical semantic bias in three Spanish-speaking communities; Cambridge University Press; Language and Cognition; 17; 2-2025; 1-28
1866-9808
1866-9859
CONICET Digital
CONICET
url http://hdl.handle.net/11336/267054
identifier_str_mv Zunino, Gabriela Mariel; Aguilar, Miriam; Stetie, Noelia Ayelen; Martínez Rebolledo, Camila; Hinojosa, José Antonio; Dresses and ties: The effect of grammatical gender and stereotypical semantic bias in three Spanish-speaking communities; Cambridge University Press; Language and Cognition; 17; 2-2025; 1-28
1866-9808
1866-9859
CONICET Digital
CONICET
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/language-and-cognition/article/dresses-and-ties-the-effect-of-grammatical-gender-and-stereotypical-semantic-bias-in-three-spanishspeaking-communities/713D921D3E23471D8565D46F780CE8FD
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1017/langcog.2025.4
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Cambridge University Press
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Cambridge University Press
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
reponame_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
collection CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname_str Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.name.fl_str_mv CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.mail.fl_str_mv dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar
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score 12.885934

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