Update on Ozone Depleting Substances (ODSs) and Other Gases of Interest to the Montreal Protocol

• Autores: Laube, Johannes C.; Tegtmeier, Susann; Fernandez, Rafael Pedro; Harrison, Jeremy; Hu, Lei; Krummel, Paul; Mahieu, Emmanuel; Park, Sunyoung; Western, Luke
• Año de publicación: 2022
• Idioma: inglés
• Tipo de recurso: parte de libro
• Materia: Stratospheric Ozone; ODS; VSL; Montreal Protocol
• Institución: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

This chapter concerns atmospheric changes in ozone-depleting substances (ODSs), such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halons, chlorinated solvents (e.g., carbon tetrachloride [CCl4] and methyl chloroform [CH3CCl3]) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), which are controlled under the Montreal Protocol. Furthermore, the chapter updates information about ODSs not controlled under the Protocol, such as methyl chloride (CH3Cl) and very short-lived substances (VSLSs). In addition to depleting stratospheric ozone, many ODSs are potent greenhouse gases. Mole fractions of ODSs and other species are primarily measured close to the surface by global or regional monitoring networks. The surface data can be used to approximate a mole fraction representative of the global or hemispheric tropospheric abundance. Changes in the tropospheric abundance of an ODS result from a difference between the rate of emissions into the atmosphere and the rate of removal from it. The total amount of chlorine and bromine from ODSs that were controlled under the original Montreal Protocol is continuing to decline, as the overall emissions are smaller than the rate at which these ODSs are destroyed. Abundances of many of the first-stage replacement compounds, HCFCs, are now increasing very slowly or not at all.
Fil: Laube, Johannes C.. Helmholtz Gemeinschaft. Forschungszentrum Jülich; Alemania
Fil: Tegtmeier, Susann. University of Saskatchewan; Canadá
Fil: Fernandez, Rafael Pedro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas. - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas; Argentina
Fil: Harrison, Jeremy. National Centre For Earth Observation; Reino Unido
Fil: Hu, Lei. University of Colorado; Estados Unidos
Fil: Krummel, Paul. Csiro Oceans And Atmosphere.; Australia
Fil: Mahieu, Emmanuel. Université de Liège; Bélgica
Fil: Park, Sunyoung. Kyunpook National University; Corea del Sur
Fil: Western, Luke. University Of Bristol;