Unveiling Trail Making Test: Visual and manual trajectories indexing multiple executive processes

Autores
Linari, Ignacio; Juantorena, Gustavo Ezequiel; Ibáñez, Santiago Agustín; Petroni, Agustín; Kamienkowski, Juan Esteban
Año de publicación
2022
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
The Trail Making Test (TMT) is one of the most popular neuropsychological tests for executive functions (EFs) assessment. It presents several strengths: it is sensitive to executive dysfunction, it is easy to understand, and has a short administration. However, it has important limitations. First, the underlying EFs articulated during the task are not well discriminated, which makes it a test with low specificity. Second, the pen-and-paper version presents one trial per condition which introduces high variability. Third, only the total time is quantified, which does not allow for a detailed analysis. Fourth, it has a fixed spatial configuration per condition. We designed a computerised version of the TMT to overcome its main limitations and evaluated it in a group of neurotypical adults. Eye and hand positions are measured with high resolution over several trials, and spatial configuration is controlled. Our results showed a very similar performance profile compared to the traditional TMT. Moreover, it revealed differences in eye movements between parts A and B. Most importantly, based on hand and eye movements, we found an internal working memory measure that showed an association to a validated working memory task. Additionally, we proposed another internal measure as a potential marker of inhibitory control. Our results showed that EFs can be studied in more detail using traditional tests combined with powerful digital setups. The cTMT showed potential use in older adult populations and patients with EFs disorders.
Fil: Linari, Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación; Argentina
Fil: Juantorena, Gustavo Ezequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación; Argentina
Fil: Ibáñez, Santiago Agustín. Trinity College Dublin; Irlanda. University of California; Estados Unidos. Universidad de San Andrés; Argentina. Universidad Adolfo Ibañez; Chile. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Petroni, Agustín. University Goteborg; Suecia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación; Argentina
Fil: Kamienkowski, Juan Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Computación; Argentina
Materia
TRAIL MAKING TEST
COMPUTATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS
DIGITAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Institución
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
OAI Identificador
oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/204626

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network_name_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
spelling Unveiling Trail Making Test: Visual and manual trajectories indexing multiple executive processesLinari, IgnacioJuantorena, Gustavo EzequielIbáñez, Santiago AgustínPetroni, AgustínKamienkowski, Juan EstebanTRAIL MAKING TESTCOMPUTATIONAL PSYCHIATRYEXECUTIVE FUNCTIONSDIGITAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGYhttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/5.1https://purl.org/becyt/ford/5The Trail Making Test (TMT) is one of the most popular neuropsychological tests for executive functions (EFs) assessment. It presents several strengths: it is sensitive to executive dysfunction, it is easy to understand, and has a short administration. However, it has important limitations. First, the underlying EFs articulated during the task are not well discriminated, which makes it a test with low specificity. Second, the pen-and-paper version presents one trial per condition which introduces high variability. Third, only the total time is quantified, which does not allow for a detailed analysis. Fourth, it has a fixed spatial configuration per condition. We designed a computerised version of the TMT to overcome its main limitations and evaluated it in a group of neurotypical adults. Eye and hand positions are measured with high resolution over several trials, and spatial configuration is controlled. Our results showed a very similar performance profile compared to the traditional TMT. Moreover, it revealed differences in eye movements between parts A and B. Most importantly, based on hand and eye movements, we found an internal working memory measure that showed an association to a validated working memory task. Additionally, we proposed another internal measure as a potential marker of inhibitory control. Our results showed that EFs can be studied in more detail using traditional tests combined with powerful digital setups. The cTMT showed potential use in older adult populations and patients with EFs disorders.Fil: Linari, Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación; ArgentinaFil: Juantorena, Gustavo Ezequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación; ArgentinaFil: Ibáñez, Santiago Agustín. Trinity College Dublin; Irlanda. University of California; Estados Unidos. Universidad de San Andrés; Argentina. Universidad Adolfo Ibañez; Chile. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Petroni, Agustín. University Goteborg; Suecia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación; ArgentinaFil: Kamienkowski, Juan Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Computación; ArgentinaNature Publishing Group2022-12info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/204626Linari, Ignacio; Juantorena, Gustavo Ezequiel; Ibáñez, Santiago Agustín; Petroni, Agustín; Kamienkowski, Juan Esteban; Unveiling Trail Making Test: Visual and manual trajectories indexing multiple executive processes; Nature Publishing Group; Scientific Reports; 12; 1; 12-2022; 1-152045-2322CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-16431-9info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1038/s41598-022-16431-9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-09-29T10:07:51Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/204626instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-09-29 10:07:52.077CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Unveiling Trail Making Test: Visual and manual trajectories indexing multiple executive processes
title Unveiling Trail Making Test: Visual and manual trajectories indexing multiple executive processes
spellingShingle Unveiling Trail Making Test: Visual and manual trajectories indexing multiple executive processes
Linari, Ignacio
TRAIL MAKING TEST
COMPUTATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS
DIGITAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
title_short Unveiling Trail Making Test: Visual and manual trajectories indexing multiple executive processes
title_full Unveiling Trail Making Test: Visual and manual trajectories indexing multiple executive processes
title_fullStr Unveiling Trail Making Test: Visual and manual trajectories indexing multiple executive processes
title_full_unstemmed Unveiling Trail Making Test: Visual and manual trajectories indexing multiple executive processes
title_sort Unveiling Trail Making Test: Visual and manual trajectories indexing multiple executive processes
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Linari, Ignacio
Juantorena, Gustavo Ezequiel
Ibáñez, Santiago Agustín
Petroni, Agustín
Kamienkowski, Juan Esteban
author Linari, Ignacio
author_facet Linari, Ignacio
Juantorena, Gustavo Ezequiel
Ibáñez, Santiago Agustín
Petroni, Agustín
Kamienkowski, Juan Esteban
author_role author
author2 Juantorena, Gustavo Ezequiel
Ibáñez, Santiago Agustín
Petroni, Agustín
Kamienkowski, Juan Esteban
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv TRAIL MAKING TEST
COMPUTATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS
DIGITAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
topic TRAIL MAKING TEST
COMPUTATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS
DIGITAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
purl_subject.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/becyt/ford/5.1
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/5
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv The Trail Making Test (TMT) is one of the most popular neuropsychological tests for executive functions (EFs) assessment. It presents several strengths: it is sensitive to executive dysfunction, it is easy to understand, and has a short administration. However, it has important limitations. First, the underlying EFs articulated during the task are not well discriminated, which makes it a test with low specificity. Second, the pen-and-paper version presents one trial per condition which introduces high variability. Third, only the total time is quantified, which does not allow for a detailed analysis. Fourth, it has a fixed spatial configuration per condition. We designed a computerised version of the TMT to overcome its main limitations and evaluated it in a group of neurotypical adults. Eye and hand positions are measured with high resolution over several trials, and spatial configuration is controlled. Our results showed a very similar performance profile compared to the traditional TMT. Moreover, it revealed differences in eye movements between parts A and B. Most importantly, based on hand and eye movements, we found an internal working memory measure that showed an association to a validated working memory task. Additionally, we proposed another internal measure as a potential marker of inhibitory control. Our results showed that EFs can be studied in more detail using traditional tests combined with powerful digital setups. The cTMT showed potential use in older adult populations and patients with EFs disorders.
Fil: Linari, Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación; Argentina
Fil: Juantorena, Gustavo Ezequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación; Argentina
Fil: Ibáñez, Santiago Agustín. Trinity College Dublin; Irlanda. University of California; Estados Unidos. Universidad de San Andrés; Argentina. Universidad Adolfo Ibañez; Chile. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Petroni, Agustín. University Goteborg; Suecia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación; Argentina
Fil: Kamienkowski, Juan Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Computación; Argentina
description The Trail Making Test (TMT) is one of the most popular neuropsychological tests for executive functions (EFs) assessment. It presents several strengths: it is sensitive to executive dysfunction, it is easy to understand, and has a short administration. However, it has important limitations. First, the underlying EFs articulated during the task are not well discriminated, which makes it a test with low specificity. Second, the pen-and-paper version presents one trial per condition which introduces high variability. Third, only the total time is quantified, which does not allow for a detailed analysis. Fourth, it has a fixed spatial configuration per condition. We designed a computerised version of the TMT to overcome its main limitations and evaluated it in a group of neurotypical adults. Eye and hand positions are measured with high resolution over several trials, and spatial configuration is controlled. Our results showed a very similar performance profile compared to the traditional TMT. Moreover, it revealed differences in eye movements between parts A and B. Most importantly, based on hand and eye movements, we found an internal working memory measure that showed an association to a validated working memory task. Additionally, we proposed another internal measure as a potential marker of inhibitory control. Our results showed that EFs can be studied in more detail using traditional tests combined with powerful digital setups. The cTMT showed potential use in older adult populations and patients with EFs disorders.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2022-12
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11336/204626
Linari, Ignacio; Juantorena, Gustavo Ezequiel; Ibáñez, Santiago Agustín; Petroni, Agustín; Kamienkowski, Juan Esteban; Unveiling Trail Making Test: Visual and manual trajectories indexing multiple executive processes; Nature Publishing Group; Scientific Reports; 12; 1; 12-2022; 1-15
2045-2322
CONICET Digital
CONICET
url http://hdl.handle.net/11336/204626
identifier_str_mv Linari, Ignacio; Juantorena, Gustavo Ezequiel; Ibáñez, Santiago Agustín; Petroni, Agustín; Kamienkowski, Juan Esteban; Unveiling Trail Making Test: Visual and manual trajectories indexing multiple executive processes; Nature Publishing Group; Scientific Reports; 12; 1; 12-2022; 1-15
2045-2322
CONICET Digital
CONICET
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
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info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1038/s41598-022-16431-9
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
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dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Nature Publishing Group
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Nature Publishing Group
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)
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reponame_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
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