Environment and shipping drive environmental DNA beta-diversity among commercial ports

• Autores: Andrés, Jose; Czechowski, Paul; Grey, Erin; Saebi, Mandana; Andres, Kara; Brown, Christopher; Chawla, Nitesh; Corbett, James J.; Brys, Rein; Cassey, Phillip; Correa, Nancy; Deveney, Marty R.; Egan, Scott P.; Fisher, Joshua P.; vanden Hooff, Rian; Knapp, Charles R.; Leong, Sandric Chee Yew; Neilson, Brian J.; Paolucci, Esteban Marcelo; Pfrender, Michael E.; Pochardt, Meredith R.; Prowse, Thomas A. A.; Rumrill, Steven S.; Scianni, Chris; Sylvester, Francisco; Tamburri, Mario N.; Therriault, Thomas W.; Yeo, Darren C. J.; Lodge, David M.
• Año de publicación: 2023
• Idioma: inglés
• Tipo de recurso: artículo
• Materia: 18S; DISSIMILARITY ANALYSIS; EDNA; METABARCODING; PORTS; SHIPPING
• Institución: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

The spread of nonindigenous species by shipping is a large and growing global problem that harms coastal ecosystems and economies and may blur coastal biogeographical patterns. This study coupled eukaryotic environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding with dissimilarity regression to test the hypothesis that ship-borne species spread homogenizes port communities. We first collected and metabarcoded water samples from ports in Europe, Asia, Australia and the Americas. We then calculated community dissimilarities between port pairs and tested for effects of environmental dissimilarity, biogeographical region and four alternative measures of ship-borne species transport risk. We predicted that higher shipping between ports would decrease community dissimilarity, that the effect of shipping would be small compared to that of environment dissimilarity and shared biogeography, and that more complex shipping risk metrics (which account for ballast water and stepping-stone spread) would perform better. Consistent with our hypotheses, community dissimilarities increased significantly with environmental dissimilarity and, to a lesser extent, decreased with ship-borne species transport risks, particularly if the ports had similar environments and stepping-stone risks were considered. Unexpectedly, we found no clear effect of shared biogeography, and that risk metrics incorporating estimates of ballast discharge did not offer more explanatory power than simpler traffic-based risks. Overall, we found that shipping homogenizes eukaryotic communities between ports in predictable ways, which could inform improvements in invasive species policy and management. We demonstrated the usefulness of eDNA metabarcoding and dissimilarity regression for disentangling the drivers of large-scale biodiversity patterns. We conclude by outlining logistical considerations and recommendations for future studies using this approach.
Fil: Andrés, Jose. Cornell University. Department Of Ecology And Evolutionary Biology;
Fil: Czechowski, Paul. Cornell University. Department Of Ecology And Evolutionary Biology; . University of Otago; Nueva Zelanda. Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research; Alemania
Fil: Grey, Erin. University of Maine; Estados Unidos. Governors State University; Estados Unidos
Fil: Saebi, Mandana. University of Notre Dame; Estados Unidos
Fil: Andres, Kara. Cornell University. Department Of Ecology And Evolutionary Biology;
Fil: Brown, Christopher. California State University Maritime Academy; Estados Unidos
Fil: Chawla, Nitesh. University of Notre Dame; Estados Unidos
Fil: Corbett, James J.. University of Delaware; Estados Unidos
Fil: Brys, Rein. Research Institute for Nature and Forest; Bélgica
Fil: Cassey, Phillip. University of Adelaide; Australia
Fil: Correa, Nancy. Ministerio de Defensa. Armada Argentina. Instituto Universitario Naval de la Ara. Escuela de Ciencias del Mar; Argentina. Ministerio de Defensa. Armada Argentina. Servicio de Hidrografía Naval; Argentina
Fil: Deveney, Marty R.. South Australian Research And Development Institute; Australia
Fil: Egan, Scott P.. Rice University; Estados Unidos
Fil: Fisher, Joshua P.. United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Estados Unidos
Fil: vanden Hooff, Rian. Oregon Department of Environmental Quality; Estados Unidos
Fil: Knapp, Charles R.. Daniel P. Haerther Center for Conservation and Research; Estados Unidos
Fil: Leong, Sandric Chee Yew. National University of Singapore; Singapur
Fil: Neilson, Brian J.. State of Hawaii Division of Aquatic Resources; Estados Unidos
Fil: Paolucci, Esteban Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; Argentina
Fil: Pfrender, Michael E.. University of Notre Dame; Estados Unidos
Fil: Pochardt, Meredith R.. M. Rose Consulting; Estados Unidos
Fil: Prowse, Thomas A. A.. University of Adelaide; Australia
Fil: Rumrill, Steven S.. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; Estados Unidos
Fil: Scianni, Chris. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto para el Estudio de la Biodiversidad de Invertebrados; Argentina. Marine Invasive Species Program; Estados Unidos
Fil: Sylvester, Francisco. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto para el Estudio de la Biodiversidad de Invertebrados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta; Argentina
Fil: Tamburri, Mario N.. University of Maryland; Estados Unidos
Fil: Therriault, Thomas W.. Pacific Biological Station; Canadá
Fil: Yeo, Darren C. J.. National University of Singapore; Singapur
Fil: Lodge, David M.. Cornell University. Department Of Ecology And Evolutionary Biology;