Germinación y supervivencia del pasto cubano Tithonia tubaeformis (Asteraceae) en suelos contaminados con hidrocarburos de petróleo

• Autores: Larenas Parada, Giovanna; De Viana, Marta Leonor
• Año de publicación: 2005
• Idioma: español castellano
• Tipo de recurso: artículo
• Fuente: Ecol. austral (En línea) 2005;02(015):177-181
• Materia: GASOIL; ACEITE USADO DE AUTOS; FITORREMEDIACION; INVASORA; GAS-OIL; USED CAR OIL; TOLERANCE; PHYTOREMEDIATION; ALIEN PLANT
• Institución: Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales

La fitorremediación está adquiriendo reconocimiento como método ambientalmente correcto, económico y estético de remediación de sitios contaminados. Estudiamos la respuesta de germinación y supervivencia de Tithonia tubaeformis a contaminantes derivados del petróleo. Realizamos un bioensayo analizando: contaminantes (gasoil: 0, 1.96%, 3.93%, aceite usado de auto: 0, 2.75%, 5.5%) y nutrientes (con y sin adición). Se encontraron diferencias en el porcentaje y la velocidad de germinación. El gasoil en ambas concentraciones fue el más tóxico. La concentración de HTP en el sustrato disminuyó (64% en los tratamientos con gasoil y 51% en los con aceite). Sería interesante realizar experiencias a campo, manejándose con cautela ya que, al ser invasora, su propagación sería un problema
Phytoremediation is an innovated technique, cheaper than traditional methods commonly used to decontaminate polluted soils. The objective of this work is to study the germination of T. tubaeformis and its survival responses to petroleum hydrocarbons. We carried out a bioassay using contaminated soil following a randomized factorial design and analyzing contaminants at three different concentrations (gas-oil: 0, 1.96% and 3.93%, car fuel-oil: 0, 2.75% and 5.5%) and nutrients conditions (with and without Rorison nutrient solution), with four replicates per treatment. HTP concentrations were assessed at the beginning and end of the experiment with the ASTM D1178 modified method. Significant differences were obtained in the percentage of germination and germination speed. No differences were found in the interaction nutrients*treatments for the percentages of germination and germination speed. There were no differences in the germination and germination speed in the control group and the fuel oil one (lowest concentration). Gas-oil at the lowest concentration allowed cotyledon emergence, while at the highest resulted in all seeds mortality. The concentration of TPH in the soil at the beginning and end of the experiment showed a greater reduction in the gas-oil treatments (64%) than in the fuel-oil ones (51%). We suggest further studies in contaminated open fields, though, being an alien species, precautions should be taken