Outflows, envelopes, and disks as evolutionary indicators in Lupus YSOs

Autores
Vazzano, María Mercedes; Fernández López, Manuel; Plunkett, Adele; Gregorio Monsalvo, Itziar de; Santamaría Miranda, Alejandro; Takahashi, Satoko; López, C.
Año de publicación
2021
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Context. The Lupus star-forming complex includes some of the closest low-mass star-forming regions, and together they house objects that span evolutionary stages from prestellar to premain sequence. Aims. By studying seven objects in the Lupus clouds from prestellar to protostellar stages, we aim to test if a coherence exists between commonly used evolutionary tracers. Methods. We present Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) observations of the 1.3mm continuum and molecular line emission that probe the dense gas and dust of cores (continuum, C18O, N2D+) and their associated molecular outflows (12CO). Our selection of sources in a common environment, with an identical observing strategy, allows for a consistent comparison across different evolutionary stages. We complement our study with continuum and line emission from the ALMA archive in different bands. Results. The quality of the ALMA molecular data allows us to reveal the nature of the molecular outflows in the sample by studying their morphology and kinematics, through interferometric mosaics covering their full extent. The interferometric images in IRAS 15398-3359 appear to show that it drives a precessing episodic jet-driven outflow with at least four ejections separated by periods of time between 50 and 80 yr, while data in IRAS 16059-3857 show similarities with a wide-angle wind model also showing signs of being episodic. The outflow of J160115-41523 could be better explained with the wide-angle wind model as well, but new observations are needed to further explore its nature. We find that the most common evolutionary tracers in the literature are useful for broad evolutionary classifications, but they are not consistent with each other to provide enough granularity to disentangle a different evolutionary stage of sources that belong to the same Class (0, I, II, or III). The evolutionary classification revealed by our analysis coincides with those determined by previous studies for all of our sources except J160115-41523. Outflow properties used as protostellar age tracers, such as mass, momentum, energy, and opening angle, may suffer from differences in the nature of each outflow and, therefore, detailed observations are needed to refine evolutionary classifications. We found both AzTEC-lup1-2 and AzTEC-lup3-5 to be in the prestellar stage, with the possibility that the latter is a more evolved source. IRAS 15398-3359, IRAS 16059-3857, and J160115-41523, which have clearly detected outflows, are Class 0 sources, although, we are not able to determine which is younger and which is older. Finally Sz 102 and Merin 28 are the most evolved sources in our sample and show signs of having associated outflows, which are not as well traced by CO as for the younger sources.
Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía
Materia
Ciencias Astronómicas
stars: formation
ISM: molecules
ISM: jets and outflows
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Repositorio
SEDICI (UNLP)
Institución
Universidad Nacional de La Plata
OAI Identificador
oai:sedici.unlp.edu.ar:10915/138928

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network_acronym_str SEDICI
repository_id_str 1329
network_name_str SEDICI (UNLP)
spelling Outflows, envelopes, and disks as evolutionary indicators in Lupus YSOsVazzano, María MercedesFernández López, ManuelPlunkett, AdeleGregorio Monsalvo, Itziar deSantamaría Miranda, AlejandroTakahashi, SatokoLópez, C.Ciencias Astronómicasstars: formationISM: moleculesISM: jets and outflowsContext. The Lupus star-forming complex includes some of the closest low-mass star-forming regions, and together they house objects that span evolutionary stages from prestellar to premain sequence. Aims. By studying seven objects in the Lupus clouds from prestellar to protostellar stages, we aim to test if a coherence exists between commonly used evolutionary tracers. Methods. We present Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) observations of the 1.3mm continuum and molecular line emission that probe the dense gas and dust of cores (continuum, C18O, N2D+) and their associated molecular outflows (12CO). Our selection of sources in a common environment, with an identical observing strategy, allows for a consistent comparison across different evolutionary stages. We complement our study with continuum and line emission from the ALMA archive in different bands. Results. The quality of the ALMA molecular data allows us to reveal the nature of the molecular outflows in the sample by studying their morphology and kinematics, through interferometric mosaics covering their full extent. The interferometric images in IRAS 15398-3359 appear to show that it drives a precessing episodic jet-driven outflow with at least four ejections separated by periods of time between 50 and 80 yr, while data in IRAS 16059-3857 show similarities with a wide-angle wind model also showing signs of being episodic. The outflow of J160115-41523 could be better explained with the wide-angle wind model as well, but new observations are needed to further explore its nature. We find that the most common evolutionary tracers in the literature are useful for broad evolutionary classifications, but they are not consistent with each other to provide enough granularity to disentangle a different evolutionary stage of sources that belong to the same Class (0, I, II, or III). The evolutionary classification revealed by our analysis coincides with those determined by previous studies for all of our sources except J160115-41523. Outflow properties used as protostellar age tracers, such as mass, momentum, energy, and opening angle, may suffer from differences in the nature of each outflow and, therefore, detailed observations are needed to refine evolutionary classifications. We found both AzTEC-lup1-2 and AzTEC-lup3-5 to be in the prestellar stage, with the possibility that the latter is a more evolved source. IRAS 15398-3359, IRAS 16059-3857, and J160115-41523, which have clearly detected outflows, are Class 0 sources, although, we are not able to determine which is younger and which is older. Finally Sz 102 and Merin 28 are the most evolved sources in our sample and show signs of having associated outflows, which are not as well traced by CO as for the younger sources.Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía2021-04-09info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionArticulohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfhttp://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/138928enginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/0004-6361info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1432-0746info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1051/0004-6361/202039228info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/arxiv/2101.05330info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)reponame:SEDICI (UNLP)instname:Universidad Nacional de La Platainstacron:UNLP2025-09-29T11:32:16Zoai:sedici.unlp.edu.ar:10915/138928Institucionalhttp://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/Universidad públicaNo correspondehttp://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/oai/snrdalira@sedici.unlp.edu.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:13292025-09-29 11:32:17.064SEDICI (UNLP) - Universidad Nacional de La Platafalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Outflows, envelopes, and disks as evolutionary indicators in Lupus YSOs
title Outflows, envelopes, and disks as evolutionary indicators in Lupus YSOs
spellingShingle Outflows, envelopes, and disks as evolutionary indicators in Lupus YSOs
Vazzano, María Mercedes
Ciencias Astronómicas
stars: formation
ISM: molecules
ISM: jets and outflows
title_short Outflows, envelopes, and disks as evolutionary indicators in Lupus YSOs
title_full Outflows, envelopes, and disks as evolutionary indicators in Lupus YSOs
title_fullStr Outflows, envelopes, and disks as evolutionary indicators in Lupus YSOs
title_full_unstemmed Outflows, envelopes, and disks as evolutionary indicators in Lupus YSOs
title_sort Outflows, envelopes, and disks as evolutionary indicators in Lupus YSOs
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Vazzano, María Mercedes
Fernández López, Manuel
Plunkett, Adele
Gregorio Monsalvo, Itziar de
Santamaría Miranda, Alejandro
Takahashi, Satoko
López, C.
author Vazzano, María Mercedes
author_facet Vazzano, María Mercedes
Fernández López, Manuel
Plunkett, Adele
Gregorio Monsalvo, Itziar de
Santamaría Miranda, Alejandro
Takahashi, Satoko
López, C.
author_role author
author2 Fernández López, Manuel
Plunkett, Adele
Gregorio Monsalvo, Itziar de
Santamaría Miranda, Alejandro
Takahashi, Satoko
López, C.
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Ciencias Astronómicas
stars: formation
ISM: molecules
ISM: jets and outflows
topic Ciencias Astronómicas
stars: formation
ISM: molecules
ISM: jets and outflows
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Context. The Lupus star-forming complex includes some of the closest low-mass star-forming regions, and together they house objects that span evolutionary stages from prestellar to premain sequence. Aims. By studying seven objects in the Lupus clouds from prestellar to protostellar stages, we aim to test if a coherence exists between commonly used evolutionary tracers. Methods. We present Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) observations of the 1.3mm continuum and molecular line emission that probe the dense gas and dust of cores (continuum, C18O, N2D+) and their associated molecular outflows (12CO). Our selection of sources in a common environment, with an identical observing strategy, allows for a consistent comparison across different evolutionary stages. We complement our study with continuum and line emission from the ALMA archive in different bands. Results. The quality of the ALMA molecular data allows us to reveal the nature of the molecular outflows in the sample by studying their morphology and kinematics, through interferometric mosaics covering their full extent. The interferometric images in IRAS 15398-3359 appear to show that it drives a precessing episodic jet-driven outflow with at least four ejections separated by periods of time between 50 and 80 yr, while data in IRAS 16059-3857 show similarities with a wide-angle wind model also showing signs of being episodic. The outflow of J160115-41523 could be better explained with the wide-angle wind model as well, but new observations are needed to further explore its nature. We find that the most common evolutionary tracers in the literature are useful for broad evolutionary classifications, but they are not consistent with each other to provide enough granularity to disentangle a different evolutionary stage of sources that belong to the same Class (0, I, II, or III). The evolutionary classification revealed by our analysis coincides with those determined by previous studies for all of our sources except J160115-41523. Outflow properties used as protostellar age tracers, such as mass, momentum, energy, and opening angle, may suffer from differences in the nature of each outflow and, therefore, detailed observations are needed to refine evolutionary classifications. We found both AzTEC-lup1-2 and AzTEC-lup3-5 to be in the prestellar stage, with the possibility that the latter is a more evolved source. IRAS 15398-3359, IRAS 16059-3857, and J160115-41523, which have clearly detected outflows, are Class 0 sources, although, we are not able to determine which is younger and which is older. Finally Sz 102 and Merin 28 are the most evolved sources in our sample and show signs of having associated outflows, which are not as well traced by CO as for the younger sources.
Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía
description Context. The Lupus star-forming complex includes some of the closest low-mass star-forming regions, and together they house objects that span evolutionary stages from prestellar to premain sequence. Aims. By studying seven objects in the Lupus clouds from prestellar to protostellar stages, we aim to test if a coherence exists between commonly used evolutionary tracers. Methods. We present Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) observations of the 1.3mm continuum and molecular line emission that probe the dense gas and dust of cores (continuum, C18O, N2D+) and their associated molecular outflows (12CO). Our selection of sources in a common environment, with an identical observing strategy, allows for a consistent comparison across different evolutionary stages. We complement our study with continuum and line emission from the ALMA archive in different bands. Results. The quality of the ALMA molecular data allows us to reveal the nature of the molecular outflows in the sample by studying their morphology and kinematics, through interferometric mosaics covering their full extent. The interferometric images in IRAS 15398-3359 appear to show that it drives a precessing episodic jet-driven outflow with at least four ejections separated by periods of time between 50 and 80 yr, while data in IRAS 16059-3857 show similarities with a wide-angle wind model also showing signs of being episodic. The outflow of J160115-41523 could be better explained with the wide-angle wind model as well, but new observations are needed to further explore its nature. We find that the most common evolutionary tracers in the literature are useful for broad evolutionary classifications, but they are not consistent with each other to provide enough granularity to disentangle a different evolutionary stage of sources that belong to the same Class (0, I, II, or III). The evolutionary classification revealed by our analysis coincides with those determined by previous studies for all of our sources except J160115-41523. Outflow properties used as protostellar age tracers, such as mass, momentum, energy, and opening angle, may suffer from differences in the nature of each outflow and, therefore, detailed observations are needed to refine evolutionary classifications. We found both AzTEC-lup1-2 and AzTEC-lup3-5 to be in the prestellar stage, with the possibility that the latter is a more evolved source. IRAS 15398-3359, IRAS 16059-3857, and J160115-41523, which have clearly detected outflows, are Class 0 sources, although, we are not able to determine which is younger and which is older. Finally Sz 102 and Merin 28 are the most evolved sources in our sample and show signs of having associated outflows, which are not as well traced by CO as for the younger sources.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2021-04-09
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1051/0004-6361/202039228
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/arxiv/2101.05330
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
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