Role of astrocytic dysfunction in the pathogenesis of parkinson’s disease animal models from a molecular signaling perspective

• Autores: Udovin, Lucas Daniel; Quarracino, Cecilia; Herrera, María Inés; Capani, Francisco; Otero Losada, Matilde; Pérez Lloret, Santiago
• Año de publicación: 2020
• Idioma: inglés
• Tipo de recurso: artículo
• Fuente: Neural Plasticity. 2020
• Materia: ASTROCITOS; CELULAS GLIALES; ENFERMEDADES NEUROGENERATIVAS; ENFERMEDAD DE ALZHEIMER; CEREBRO; SEÑALIZACION INTRACELULAR
• Institución: Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina

Fil: Udovin, Lucas Daniel. University of Buenos Aires. Institute of Cardiological Research; Argentina
Fil: Udovin, Lucas Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Quarracino, Cecilia. University of Buenos Aires. Institute of Cardiological Research; Argentina
Fil: Quarracino, Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Herrera, María Inés. University of Buenos Aires. Institute of Cardiological Research; Argentina
Fil: Herrera, María Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Herrera, María Inés. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. Facultad de Psicología y Psicopedagogía; Argentina
Fil: Capani, Francisco. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. Facultad de Psicología y Psicopedagogía; Argentina
Fil: Capani, Francisco. Universidad Autónoma de Chile. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas; Chile
Fil: Otero Losada, Matilde. University of Buenos Aires. Institute of Cardiological Research; Argentina
Fil: Otero Losada, Matilde. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Pérez Lloret, Santiago. University of Buenos Aires. Institute of Cardiological Research; Argentina
Fil: Pérez Lloret, Santiago. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Pérez Lloret, Santiago. University of Buenos Aires. School of Medicine. Department of Physiology; Argentina
Resumen: Despite the fact that astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells, critical for brain function, few studies have dealt with their possible role in neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s disease (PD). This article explores relevant evidence on the involvement of astrocytes in experimental PD neurodegeneration from a molecular signaling perspective. For a long time, astrocytic proliferation was merely considered a byproduct of neuroinflammation, but by the time being, it is clear that astrocytic dysfunction plays a far more important role in PD pathophysiology. Indeed, ongoing experimental evidence suggests the importance of astrocytes and dopaminergic neurons’ cross-linking signaling pathways. The Wnt-1 (wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 1) pathway regulates several processes including neuron survival, synapse plasticity, and neurogenesis. In PD animal models, Frizzled (Fzd) neuronal receptors’ activation by the Wnt-1 normally released by astrocytes following injuries leads to β-catenin-dependent gene expression, favoring neuron survival and viability. The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) capsaicin receptor also participates in experimental PD genesis. Activation of astrocyte TRPV1 receptors by noxious stimuli results in reduced inflammatory response and increased ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) synthesis, which enhances neuronal survival and differentiation. Another major pathway involves IκB kinase (IKK) downregulation by ARL6ip5 (ADP-ribosylation-like factor 6 interacting protein 5, encoded by the cell differentiation-associated, JWA, gene). Typically, IKK releases the proinflammatory NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) molecule from its inhibitor. Therefore, by downregulating NF-κB inhibitor, ARL6ip5 promotes an anti-inflammatory response. The evidence provided by neurotoxin-induced PD animal models guarantees further research on the neuroprotective potential of normalizing astrocyte function in PD.