Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally

Autores
Smith, Melinda D.; Wilkins, Kate D.; Holdrege, Martin C.; Wilfahrt, Peter A.; Collins, Scott L.; Knapp, Alan K.; Sala, Osvaldo E.; Dukes, Jeffrey S.; Phillips, Richard P.; Yahdjian, Laura; Peri, Pablo Luis; Zuo, Xiaoan
Año de publicación
2024
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of short-term (~1 y) drought events—the most common duration of drought—globally. Yet the impact of this intensification of drought on ecosystem functioning remains poorly resolved. This is due in part to the widely disparate approaches ecologists have employed to study drought, variation in the severity and duration of drought studied, and differences among ecosystems in vegetation, edaphic and climatic attributes that can mediate drought impacts. To overcome these problems and better identify the factors that modulate drought responses, we used a coordinated distributed experiment to quantify the impact of short-term drought on grassland and shrubland ecosystems. With a standardized approach, we imposed a single year of drought at 100 sites on six continents. Here we show that loss of a foundational ecosystem function—aboveground net primary production (ANPP)—was 60% greater at sites that experienced statistically extreme drought (1-in-100-y event) vs. those sites where drought was nominal (historically more common) in magnitude (35% vs. 21%, respectively). This reduction in a key carbon cycle process with a single year of extreme drought greatly exceeds previously reported losses for grasslands and shrublands. Our global experiment also revealed high variability in drought response but that relative reductions in ANPP were greater in drier ecosystems and those with fewer plant species. Overall, our results demonstrate with unprecedented rigor that the global impacts of projected increases in drought severity have been significantly underestimated and that drier and less diverse sites are likely to be most vulnerable to extreme drought.
EEA Santa Cruz
Fil: Smith, Melinda D. Colorado State University. Department of Biology; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Smith, Melinda D. Colorado State University. Graduate Degree Program in Ecology; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Wilkins, Kate D. Denver Zoo; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Holdrege, Martin C. Utah State University. Department of Wildland Resource and the Ecology Center; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Wilfahrt, Peter A. University of Minnesota. Department of Ecology, Evolution,and Behavior; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Collins, Scott L. University of New Mexico. Department of Biology; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Knapp, Alan K. Colorado State University. Department of Biology; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Knapp, Alan K. Colorado State University. Graduate Degree Program in Ecology; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Sala, Osvaldo E. Arizona State University. School of Life Sciences, Global Drylands Center; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Dukes, Jeffrey S. Carnegie Institution for Science. Department of Global Ecology; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Phillips, Richard P. Indiana University. Department of Biology; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Yahdjian, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA); Argentina.
Fil: Yahdjian, Laura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina.
Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina.
Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina.
Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.
Fil: Zuo, Xiaoan. Chinese Academy of Science. Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources. Urat Desertgrassland Research Station; China.
Fuente
PNAS 121 (4) : e2309881120 (2024)
Materia
Grasslands
Productivity
Climate Change
Scrublands
Net Primary Productivity
Carbon Cycle
Praderas
Productividad
Cambio Climático
Tierras de Matorral
Productividad Primaria Neta
Ciclo del Carbono
Extreme Climate
International Drought Experiment
Global Impacts
Drought Severity
Clima Extremo
Experimento internacional de Sequía
Impacto Global
Severidad de la Sequía
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Repositorio
INTA Digital (INTA)
Institución
Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
OAI Identificador
oai:localhost:20.500.12123/16497
Acceder
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oai_identifier_str oai:localhost:20.500.12123/16497
network_acronym_str INTADig
repository_id_str l
network_name_str INTA Digital (INTA)
spelling Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globallySmith, Melinda D.Wilkins, Kate D.Holdrege, Martin C.Wilfahrt, Peter A.Collins, Scott L.Knapp, Alan K.Sala, Osvaldo E.Dukes, Jeffrey S.Phillips, Richard P.Yahdjian, LauraPeri, Pablo LuisZuo, XiaoanGrasslandsProductivityClimate ChangeScrublandsNet Primary ProductivityCarbon CyclePraderasProductividadCambio ClimáticoTierras de MatorralProductividad Primaria NetaCiclo del CarbonoExtreme ClimateInternational Drought ExperimentGlobal ImpactsDrought SeverityClima ExtremoExperimento internacional de SequíaImpacto GlobalSeveridad de la SequíaClimate change is increasing the frequency and severity of short-term (~1 y) drought events—the most common duration of drought—globally. Yet the impact of this intensification of drought on ecosystem functioning remains poorly resolved. This is due in part to the widely disparate approaches ecologists have employed to study drought, variation in the severity and duration of drought studied, and differences among ecosystems in vegetation, edaphic and climatic attributes that can mediate drought impacts. To overcome these problems and better identify the factors that modulate drought responses, we used a coordinated distributed experiment to quantify the impact of short-term drought on grassland and shrubland ecosystems. With a standardized approach, we imposed a single year of drought at 100 sites on six continents. Here we show that loss of a foundational ecosystem function—aboveground net primary production (ANPP)—was 60% greater at sites that experienced statistically extreme drought (1-in-100-y event) vs. those sites where drought was nominal (historically more common) in magnitude (35% vs. 21%, respectively). This reduction in a key carbon cycle process with a single year of extreme drought greatly exceeds previously reported losses for grasslands and shrublands. Our global experiment also revealed high variability in drought response but that relative reductions in ANPP were greater in drier ecosystems and those with fewer plant species. Overall, our results demonstrate with unprecedented rigor that the global impacts of projected increases in drought severity have been significantly underestimated and that drier and less diverse sites are likely to be most vulnerable to extreme drought.EEA Santa CruzFil: Smith, Melinda D. Colorado State University. Department of Biology; Estados Unidos.Fil: Smith, Melinda D. Colorado State University. Graduate Degree Program in Ecology; Estados Unidos.Fil: Wilkins, Kate D. Denver Zoo; Estados Unidos.Fil: Holdrege, Martin C. Utah State University. Department of Wildland Resource and the Ecology Center; Estados Unidos.Fil: Wilfahrt, Peter A. University of Minnesota. Department of Ecology, Evolution,and Behavior; Estados Unidos.Fil: Collins, Scott L. University of New Mexico. Department of Biology; Estados Unidos.Fil: Knapp, Alan K. Colorado State University. Department of Biology; Estados Unidos.Fil: Knapp, Alan K. Colorado State University. Graduate Degree Program in Ecology; Estados Unidos.Fil: Sala, Osvaldo E. Arizona State University. School of Life Sciences, Global Drylands Center; Estados Unidos.Fil: Dukes, Jeffrey S. Carnegie Institution for Science. Department of Global Ecology; Estados Unidos.Fil: Phillips, Richard P. Indiana University. Department of Biology; Estados Unidos.Fil: Yahdjian, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA); Argentina.Fil: Yahdjian, Laura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Zuo, Xiaoan. Chinese Academy of Science. Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources. Urat Desertgrassland Research Station; China.National Academy of Sciences (Estados Unidos)2024-01-10T10:06:19Z2024-01-10T10:06:19Z2024-01-08info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/16497https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2309881120Smith M.D.; Wilkins K.; Holdrege M.C.; Wilfahrt P.; Collins S.L.; Knapp A.; Sala O.E.; Dukes J.S.; Yahdjian L.; Gherardi L.A.; (…); Peri P.L.; (…); Zuo, X. (2024) Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally. PNAS 121(4): e2309881120. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2309881120.1091-6490 (online)https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2309881120PNAS 121 (4) : e2309881120 (2024)reponame:INTA Digital (INTA)instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuariaenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)2025-10-23T11:18:39Zoai:localhost:20.500.12123/16497instacron:INTAInstitucionalhttp://repositorio.inta.gob.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://repositorio.inta.gob.ar/oai/requesttripaldi.nicolas@inta.gob.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:l2025-10-23 11:18:40.288INTA Digital (INTA) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuariafalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally
title Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally
spellingShingle Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally
Smith, Melinda D.
Grasslands
Productivity
Climate Change
Scrublands
Net Primary Productivity
Carbon Cycle
Praderas
Productividad
Cambio Climático
Tierras de Matorral
Productividad Primaria Neta
Ciclo del Carbono
Extreme Climate
International Drought Experiment
Global Impacts
Drought Severity
Clima Extremo
Experimento internacional de Sequía
Impacto Global
Severidad de la Sequía
title_short Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally
title_full Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally
title_fullStr Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally
title_full_unstemmed Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally
title_sort Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Smith, Melinda D.
Wilkins, Kate D.
Holdrege, Martin C.
Wilfahrt, Peter A.
Collins, Scott L.
Knapp, Alan K.
Sala, Osvaldo E.
Dukes, Jeffrey S.
Phillips, Richard P.
Yahdjian, Laura
Peri, Pablo Luis
Zuo, Xiaoan
author Smith, Melinda D.
author_facet Smith, Melinda D.
Wilkins, Kate D.
Holdrege, Martin C.
Wilfahrt, Peter A.
Collins, Scott L.
Knapp, Alan K.
Sala, Osvaldo E.
Dukes, Jeffrey S.
Phillips, Richard P.
Yahdjian, Laura
Peri, Pablo Luis
Zuo, Xiaoan
author_role author
author2 Wilkins, Kate D.
Holdrege, Martin C.
Wilfahrt, Peter A.
Collins, Scott L.
Knapp, Alan K.
Sala, Osvaldo E.
Dukes, Jeffrey S.
Phillips, Richard P.
Yahdjian, Laura
Peri, Pablo Luis
Zuo, Xiaoan
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Grasslands
Productivity
Climate Change
Scrublands
Net Primary Productivity
Carbon Cycle
Praderas
Productividad
Cambio Climático
Tierras de Matorral
Productividad Primaria Neta
Ciclo del Carbono
Extreme Climate
International Drought Experiment
Global Impacts
Drought Severity
Clima Extremo
Experimento internacional de Sequía
Impacto Global
Severidad de la Sequía
topic Grasslands
Productivity
Climate Change
Scrublands
Net Primary Productivity
Carbon Cycle
Praderas
Productividad
Cambio Climático
Tierras de Matorral
Productividad Primaria Neta
Ciclo del Carbono
Extreme Climate
International Drought Experiment
Global Impacts
Drought Severity
Clima Extremo
Experimento internacional de Sequía
Impacto Global
Severidad de la Sequía
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of short-term (~1 y) drought events—the most common duration of drought—globally. Yet the impact of this intensification of drought on ecosystem functioning remains poorly resolved. This is due in part to the widely disparate approaches ecologists have employed to study drought, variation in the severity and duration of drought studied, and differences among ecosystems in vegetation, edaphic and climatic attributes that can mediate drought impacts. To overcome these problems and better identify the factors that modulate drought responses, we used a coordinated distributed experiment to quantify the impact of short-term drought on grassland and shrubland ecosystems. With a standardized approach, we imposed a single year of drought at 100 sites on six continents. Here we show that loss of a foundational ecosystem function—aboveground net primary production (ANPP)—was 60% greater at sites that experienced statistically extreme drought (1-in-100-y event) vs. those sites where drought was nominal (historically more common) in magnitude (35% vs. 21%, respectively). This reduction in a key carbon cycle process with a single year of extreme drought greatly exceeds previously reported losses for grasslands and shrublands. Our global experiment also revealed high variability in drought response but that relative reductions in ANPP were greater in drier ecosystems and those with fewer plant species. Overall, our results demonstrate with unprecedented rigor that the global impacts of projected increases in drought severity have been significantly underestimated and that drier and less diverse sites are likely to be most vulnerable to extreme drought.
EEA Santa Cruz
Fil: Smith, Melinda D. Colorado State University. Department of Biology; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Smith, Melinda D. Colorado State University. Graduate Degree Program in Ecology; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Wilkins, Kate D. Denver Zoo; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Holdrege, Martin C. Utah State University. Department of Wildland Resource and the Ecology Center; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Wilfahrt, Peter A. University of Minnesota. Department of Ecology, Evolution,and Behavior; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Collins, Scott L. University of New Mexico. Department of Biology; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Knapp, Alan K. Colorado State University. Department of Biology; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Knapp, Alan K. Colorado State University. Graduate Degree Program in Ecology; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Sala, Osvaldo E. Arizona State University. School of Life Sciences, Global Drylands Center; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Dukes, Jeffrey S. Carnegie Institution for Science. Department of Global Ecology; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Phillips, Richard P. Indiana University. Department of Biology; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Yahdjian, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA); Argentina.
Fil: Yahdjian, Laura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina.
Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina.
Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina.
Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.
Fil: Zuo, Xiaoan. Chinese Academy of Science. Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources. Urat Desertgrassland Research Station; China.
description Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of short-term (~1 y) drought events—the most common duration of drought—globally. Yet the impact of this intensification of drought on ecosystem functioning remains poorly resolved. This is due in part to the widely disparate approaches ecologists have employed to study drought, variation in the severity and duration of drought studied, and differences among ecosystems in vegetation, edaphic and climatic attributes that can mediate drought impacts. To overcome these problems and better identify the factors that modulate drought responses, we used a coordinated distributed experiment to quantify the impact of short-term drought on grassland and shrubland ecosystems. With a standardized approach, we imposed a single year of drought at 100 sites on six continents. Here we show that loss of a foundational ecosystem function—aboveground net primary production (ANPP)—was 60% greater at sites that experienced statistically extreme drought (1-in-100-y event) vs. those sites where drought was nominal (historically more common) in magnitude (35% vs. 21%, respectively). This reduction in a key carbon cycle process with a single year of extreme drought greatly exceeds previously reported losses for grasslands and shrublands. Our global experiment also revealed high variability in drought response but that relative reductions in ANPP were greater in drier ecosystems and those with fewer plant species. Overall, our results demonstrate with unprecedented rigor that the global impacts of projected increases in drought severity have been significantly underestimated and that drier and less diverse sites are likely to be most vulnerable to extreme drought.
publishDate 2024
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2024-01-10T10:06:19Z
2024-01-10T10:06:19Z
2024-01-08
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/16497
https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2309881120
Smith M.D.; Wilkins K.; Holdrege M.C.; Wilfahrt P.; Collins S.L.; Knapp A.; Sala O.E.; Dukes J.S.; Yahdjian L.; Gherardi L.A.; (…); Peri P.L.; (…); Zuo, X. (2024) Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally. PNAS 121(4): e2309881120. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2309881120.
1091-6490 (online)
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2309881120
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/16497
https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2309881120
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2309881120
identifier_str_mv Smith M.D.; Wilkins K.; Holdrege M.C.; Wilfahrt P.; Collins S.L.; Knapp A.; Sala O.E.; Dukes J.S.; Yahdjian L.; Gherardi L.A.; (…); Peri P.L.; (…); Zuo, X. (2024) Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally. PNAS 121(4): e2309881120. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2309881120.
1091-6490 (online)
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv National Academy of Sciences (Estados Unidos)
publisher.none.fl_str_mv National Academy of Sciences (Estados Unidos)
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv PNAS 121 (4) : e2309881120 (2024)
reponame:INTA Digital (INTA)
instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
reponame_str INTA Digital (INTA)
collection INTA Digital (INTA)
instname_str Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
repository.name.fl_str_mv INTA Digital (INTA) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
repository.mail.fl_str_mv tripaldi.nicolas@inta.gob.ar
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score 12.928904

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