Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally
- Autores
- Smith, Melinda D.; Wilkins, Kate D.; Holdrege, Martin C.; Wilfahrt, Peter A.; Collins, Scott L.; Knapp, Alan K.; Sala, Osvaldo E.; Dukes, Jeffrey S.; Phillips, Richard P.; Yahdjian, Laura; Peri, Pablo Luis; Zuo, Xiaoan
- Año de publicación
- 2024
- Idioma
- inglés
- Tipo de recurso
- artículo
- Estado
- versión publicada
- Descripción
- Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of short-term (~1 y) drought events—the most common duration of drought—globally. Yet the impact of this intensification of drought on ecosystem functioning remains poorly resolved. This is due in part to the widely disparate approaches ecologists have employed to study drought, variation in the severity and duration of drought studied, and differences among ecosystems in vegetation, edaphic and climatic attributes that can mediate drought impacts. To overcome these problems and better identify the factors that modulate drought responses, we used a coordinated distributed experiment to quantify the impact of short-term drought on grassland and shrubland ecosystems. With a standardized approach, we imposed a single year of drought at 100 sites on six continents. Here we show that loss of a foundational ecosystem function—aboveground net primary production (ANPP)—was 60% greater at sites that experienced statistically extreme drought (1-in-100-y event) vs. those sites where drought was nominal (historically more common) in magnitude (35% vs. 21%, respectively). This reduction in a key carbon cycle process with a single year of extreme drought greatly exceeds previously reported losses for grasslands and shrublands. Our global experiment also revealed high variability in drought response but that relative reductions in ANPP were greater in drier ecosystems and those with fewer plant species. Overall, our results demonstrate with unprecedented rigor that the global impacts of projected increases in drought severity have been significantly underestimated and that drier and less diverse sites are likely to be most vulnerable to extreme drought.
EEA Santa Cruz
Fil: Smith, Melinda D. Colorado State University. Department of Biology; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Smith, Melinda D. Colorado State University. Graduate Degree Program in Ecology; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Wilkins, Kate D. Denver Zoo; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Holdrege, Martin C. Utah State University. Department of Wildland Resource and the Ecology Center; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Wilfahrt, Peter A. University of Minnesota. Department of Ecology, Evolution,and Behavior; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Collins, Scott L. University of New Mexico. Department of Biology; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Knapp, Alan K. Colorado State University. Department of Biology; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Knapp, Alan K. Colorado State University. Graduate Degree Program in Ecology; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Sala, Osvaldo E. Arizona State University. School of Life Sciences, Global Drylands Center; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Dukes, Jeffrey S. Carnegie Institution for Science. Department of Global Ecology; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Phillips, Richard P. Indiana University. Department of Biology; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Yahdjian, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA); Argentina.
Fil: Yahdjian, Laura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina.
Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina.
Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina.
Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.
Fil: Zuo, Xiaoan. Chinese Academy of Science. Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources. Urat Desertgrassland Research Station; China. - Fuente
- PNAS 121 (4) : e2309881120 (2024)
- Materia
-
Grasslands
Productivity
Climate Change
Scrublands
Net Primary Productivity
Carbon Cycle
Praderas
Productividad
Cambio Climático
Tierras de Matorral
Productividad Primaria Neta
Ciclo del Carbono
Extreme Climate
International Drought Experiment
Global Impacts
Drought Severity
Clima Extremo
Experimento internacional de Sequía
Impacto Global
Severidad de la Sequía - Nivel de accesibilidad
- acceso abierto
- Condiciones de uso
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
- Repositorio
- Institución
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
- OAI Identificador
- oai:localhost:20.500.12123/16497
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Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globallySmith, Melinda D.Wilkins, Kate D.Holdrege, Martin C.Wilfahrt, Peter A.Collins, Scott L.Knapp, Alan K.Sala, Osvaldo E.Dukes, Jeffrey S.Phillips, Richard P.Yahdjian, LauraPeri, Pablo LuisZuo, XiaoanGrasslandsProductivityClimate ChangeScrublandsNet Primary ProductivityCarbon CyclePraderasProductividadCambio ClimáticoTierras de MatorralProductividad Primaria NetaCiclo del CarbonoExtreme ClimateInternational Drought ExperimentGlobal ImpactsDrought SeverityClima ExtremoExperimento internacional de SequíaImpacto GlobalSeveridad de la SequíaClimate change is increasing the frequency and severity of short-term (~1 y) drought events—the most common duration of drought—globally. Yet the impact of this intensification of drought on ecosystem functioning remains poorly resolved. This is due in part to the widely disparate approaches ecologists have employed to study drought, variation in the severity and duration of drought studied, and differences among ecosystems in vegetation, edaphic and climatic attributes that can mediate drought impacts. To overcome these problems and better identify the factors that modulate drought responses, we used a coordinated distributed experiment to quantify the impact of short-term drought on grassland and shrubland ecosystems. With a standardized approach, we imposed a single year of drought at 100 sites on six continents. Here we show that loss of a foundational ecosystem function—aboveground net primary production (ANPP)—was 60% greater at sites that experienced statistically extreme drought (1-in-100-y event) vs. those sites where drought was nominal (historically more common) in magnitude (35% vs. 21%, respectively). This reduction in a key carbon cycle process with a single year of extreme drought greatly exceeds previously reported losses for grasslands and shrublands. Our global experiment also revealed high variability in drought response but that relative reductions in ANPP were greater in drier ecosystems and those with fewer plant species. Overall, our results demonstrate with unprecedented rigor that the global impacts of projected increases in drought severity have been significantly underestimated and that drier and less diverse sites are likely to be most vulnerable to extreme drought.EEA Santa CruzFil: Smith, Melinda D. Colorado State University. Department of Biology; Estados Unidos.Fil: Smith, Melinda D. Colorado State University. Graduate Degree Program in Ecology; Estados Unidos.Fil: Wilkins, Kate D. Denver Zoo; Estados Unidos.Fil: Holdrege, Martin C. Utah State University. Department of Wildland Resource and the Ecology Center; Estados Unidos.Fil: Wilfahrt, Peter A. University of Minnesota. Department of Ecology, Evolution,and Behavior; Estados Unidos.Fil: Collins, Scott L. University of New Mexico. Department of Biology; Estados Unidos.Fil: Knapp, Alan K. Colorado State University. Department of Biology; Estados Unidos.Fil: Knapp, Alan K. Colorado State University. Graduate Degree Program in Ecology; Estados Unidos.Fil: Sala, Osvaldo E. Arizona State University. School of Life Sciences, Global Drylands Center; Estados Unidos.Fil: Dukes, Jeffrey S. Carnegie Institution for Science. Department of Global Ecology; Estados Unidos.Fil: Phillips, Richard P. Indiana University. Department of Biology; Estados Unidos.Fil: Yahdjian, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA); Argentina.Fil: Yahdjian, Laura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Zuo, Xiaoan. Chinese Academy of Science. Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources. Urat Desertgrassland Research Station; China.National Academy of Sciences (Estados Unidos)2024-01-10T10:06:19Z2024-01-10T10:06:19Z2024-01-08info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/16497https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2309881120Smith M.D.; Wilkins K.; Holdrege M.C.; Wilfahrt P.; Collins S.L.; Knapp A.; Sala O.E.; Dukes J.S.; Yahdjian L.; Gherardi L.A.; (…); Peri P.L.; (…); Zuo, X. (2024) Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally. PNAS 121(4): e2309881120. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2309881120.1091-6490 (online)https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2309881120PNAS 121 (4) : e2309881120 (2024)reponame:INTA Digital (INTA)instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuariaenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)2025-09-29T13:46:18Zoai:localhost:20.500.12123/16497instacron:INTAInstitucionalhttp://repositorio.inta.gob.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://repositorio.inta.gob.ar/oai/requesttripaldi.nicolas@inta.gob.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:l2025-09-29 13:46:19.36INTA Digital (INTA) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuariafalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally |
title |
Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally |
spellingShingle |
Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally Smith, Melinda D. Grasslands Productivity Climate Change Scrublands Net Primary Productivity Carbon Cycle Praderas Productividad Cambio Climático Tierras de Matorral Productividad Primaria Neta Ciclo del Carbono Extreme Climate International Drought Experiment Global Impacts Drought Severity Clima Extremo Experimento internacional de Sequía Impacto Global Severidad de la Sequía |
title_short |
Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally |
title_full |
Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally |
title_fullStr |
Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally |
title_full_unstemmed |
Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally |
title_sort |
Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally |
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
Smith, Melinda D. Wilkins, Kate D. Holdrege, Martin C. Wilfahrt, Peter A. Collins, Scott L. Knapp, Alan K. Sala, Osvaldo E. Dukes, Jeffrey S. Phillips, Richard P. Yahdjian, Laura Peri, Pablo Luis Zuo, Xiaoan |
author |
Smith, Melinda D. |
author_facet |
Smith, Melinda D. Wilkins, Kate D. Holdrege, Martin C. Wilfahrt, Peter A. Collins, Scott L. Knapp, Alan K. Sala, Osvaldo E. Dukes, Jeffrey S. Phillips, Richard P. Yahdjian, Laura Peri, Pablo Luis Zuo, Xiaoan |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Wilkins, Kate D. Holdrege, Martin C. Wilfahrt, Peter A. Collins, Scott L. Knapp, Alan K. Sala, Osvaldo E. Dukes, Jeffrey S. Phillips, Richard P. Yahdjian, Laura Peri, Pablo Luis Zuo, Xiaoan |
author2_role |
author author author author author author author author author author author |
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
Grasslands Productivity Climate Change Scrublands Net Primary Productivity Carbon Cycle Praderas Productividad Cambio Climático Tierras de Matorral Productividad Primaria Neta Ciclo del Carbono Extreme Climate International Drought Experiment Global Impacts Drought Severity Clima Extremo Experimento internacional de Sequía Impacto Global Severidad de la Sequía |
topic |
Grasslands Productivity Climate Change Scrublands Net Primary Productivity Carbon Cycle Praderas Productividad Cambio Climático Tierras de Matorral Productividad Primaria Neta Ciclo del Carbono Extreme Climate International Drought Experiment Global Impacts Drought Severity Clima Extremo Experimento internacional de Sequía Impacto Global Severidad de la Sequía |
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv |
Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of short-term (~1 y) drought events—the most common duration of drought—globally. Yet the impact of this intensification of drought on ecosystem functioning remains poorly resolved. This is due in part to the widely disparate approaches ecologists have employed to study drought, variation in the severity and duration of drought studied, and differences among ecosystems in vegetation, edaphic and climatic attributes that can mediate drought impacts. To overcome these problems and better identify the factors that modulate drought responses, we used a coordinated distributed experiment to quantify the impact of short-term drought on grassland and shrubland ecosystems. With a standardized approach, we imposed a single year of drought at 100 sites on six continents. Here we show that loss of a foundational ecosystem function—aboveground net primary production (ANPP)—was 60% greater at sites that experienced statistically extreme drought (1-in-100-y event) vs. those sites where drought was nominal (historically more common) in magnitude (35% vs. 21%, respectively). This reduction in a key carbon cycle process with a single year of extreme drought greatly exceeds previously reported losses for grasslands and shrublands. Our global experiment also revealed high variability in drought response but that relative reductions in ANPP were greater in drier ecosystems and those with fewer plant species. Overall, our results demonstrate with unprecedented rigor that the global impacts of projected increases in drought severity have been significantly underestimated and that drier and less diverse sites are likely to be most vulnerable to extreme drought. EEA Santa Cruz Fil: Smith, Melinda D. Colorado State University. Department of Biology; Estados Unidos. Fil: Smith, Melinda D. Colorado State University. Graduate Degree Program in Ecology; Estados Unidos. Fil: Wilkins, Kate D. Denver Zoo; Estados Unidos. Fil: Holdrege, Martin C. Utah State University. Department of Wildland Resource and the Ecology Center; Estados Unidos. Fil: Wilfahrt, Peter A. University of Minnesota. Department of Ecology, Evolution,and Behavior; Estados Unidos. Fil: Collins, Scott L. University of New Mexico. Department of Biology; Estados Unidos. Fil: Knapp, Alan K. Colorado State University. Department of Biology; Estados Unidos. Fil: Knapp, Alan K. Colorado State University. Graduate Degree Program in Ecology; Estados Unidos. Fil: Sala, Osvaldo E. Arizona State University. School of Life Sciences, Global Drylands Center; Estados Unidos. Fil: Dukes, Jeffrey S. Carnegie Institution for Science. Department of Global Ecology; Estados Unidos. Fil: Phillips, Richard P. Indiana University. Department of Biology; Estados Unidos. Fil: Yahdjian, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA); Argentina. Fil: Yahdjian, Laura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina. Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina. Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina. Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fil: Zuo, Xiaoan. Chinese Academy of Science. Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources. Urat Desertgrassland Research Station; China. |
description |
Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of short-term (~1 y) drought events—the most common duration of drought—globally. Yet the impact of this intensification of drought on ecosystem functioning remains poorly resolved. This is due in part to the widely disparate approaches ecologists have employed to study drought, variation in the severity and duration of drought studied, and differences among ecosystems in vegetation, edaphic and climatic attributes that can mediate drought impacts. To overcome these problems and better identify the factors that modulate drought responses, we used a coordinated distributed experiment to quantify the impact of short-term drought on grassland and shrubland ecosystems. With a standardized approach, we imposed a single year of drought at 100 sites on six continents. Here we show that loss of a foundational ecosystem function—aboveground net primary production (ANPP)—was 60% greater at sites that experienced statistically extreme drought (1-in-100-y event) vs. those sites where drought was nominal (historically more common) in magnitude (35% vs. 21%, respectively). This reduction in a key carbon cycle process with a single year of extreme drought greatly exceeds previously reported losses for grasslands and shrublands. Our global experiment also revealed high variability in drought response but that relative reductions in ANPP were greater in drier ecosystems and those with fewer plant species. Overall, our results demonstrate with unprecedented rigor that the global impacts of projected increases in drought severity have been significantly underestimated and that drier and less diverse sites are likely to be most vulnerable to extreme drought. |
publishDate |
2024 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-01-10T10:06:19Z 2024-01-10T10:06:19Z 2024-01-08 |
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/16497 https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2309881120 Smith M.D.; Wilkins K.; Holdrege M.C.; Wilfahrt P.; Collins S.L.; Knapp A.; Sala O.E.; Dukes J.S.; Yahdjian L.; Gherardi L.A.; (…); Peri P.L.; (…); Zuo, X. (2024) Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally. PNAS 121(4): e2309881120. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2309881120. 1091-6490 (online) https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2309881120 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/16497 https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2309881120 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2309881120 |
identifier_str_mv |
Smith M.D.; Wilkins K.; Holdrege M.C.; Wilfahrt P.; Collins S.L.; Knapp A.; Sala O.E.; Dukes J.S.; Yahdjian L.; Gherardi L.A.; (…); Peri P.L.; (…); Zuo, X. (2024) Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally. PNAS 121(4): e2309881120. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2309881120. 1091-6490 (online) |
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
National Academy of Sciences (Estados Unidos) |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
National Academy of Sciences (Estados Unidos) |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
PNAS 121 (4) : e2309881120 (2024) reponame:INTA Digital (INTA) instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria |
reponame_str |
INTA Digital (INTA) |
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INTA Digital (INTA) |
instname_str |
Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria |
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INTA Digital (INTA) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
tripaldi.nicolas@inta.gob.ar |
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