Degradation of soil microbiome and carbon dynamics in response to overgrazing in Austral wetland ecosystems

Autores: Toledo, Santiago; Diaz, Boris Gaston; Duarte Guardia, Sandra; Peri, Pablo Luis
Año de publicación: 2025
Idioma: inglés
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado: versión publicada
Descripción: Wetlands (mallines) of Southern Patagonia are key ecosystems for biodiversity, forage production, and carbon (C) sequestration. However, overgrazing threatens their ecological integrity, causing varying levels of degra dation that alter soil physical, chemical, and biological properties. The impacts of grazing-induced degradation on soil microbiome function and C dynamics remain poorly understood. This study evaluated soil microbial attributes and C dynamics across eighteen wetlands under light, moderate, and severe degradation along a regional climatic gradient. Measured soil physicochemical and biological properties, such as microbial biomass C and N (MBC, MBN), basal respiration (SBR), microbial efficiency indices (qCO₂, qMC), and estimated both microbial and soil C stocks and CO₂ fluxes. Severe degradation reduced MBC and MBN by up to 46 % and 36 %, respectively, and SBR by 75 %, while increasing bulk density (0.57 to 0.92 g.cm− 3) and reducing nutrient levels (N: 80 %, P: 30 % and K: 35 %). Soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and associated potential CO₂ removal were 2.5 to 3 times higher in lightly (8.63 and 31.68 kg.m− 2) degraded wetlands compared to moderate (4.52 and 16.59 kg.m− 2) and severe (2.75 and 10.08 kg.m− 2), respectively. Microbial efficiency declined with severe degradation, represented by low qCO₂ (0.13 µg.mg− 1) and high qMC values (1.35 %). Random Forest models identified bulk density, vegetation cover, soil N, and litter as key drivers of microbial and C-related processes. Our findings reveal that degradation alters the functional capacity of soil microbial communities, consequently affecting carbon sequestration. Microbial variables are early bioindicators of soil functional integrity. Integrating micro bial and soil physicochemical parameters into monitoring frameworks can help detect early degradation and guide sustainable land-use strategies for wetland ecosystems.
EEA Santa Cruz
Fil: Toledo, Santiago. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. CIT Santa Cruz; Argentina.
Fil: Toledo, Santiago: Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina.
Fil Diaz, Boris Gaston. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina.
Fil Diaz, Boris Gaston. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina.
Fil: Duarte Guardia, Sandra. Universidad Científica del Sur. Escuela de Agroforestería. Lima; Perú.
Fil: Duarte Guardia, Sandra. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina.
Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina.
Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina.
Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.
Fuente: Total Environment Microbiology 1 (4) : 100041. (December 2025)
Materia: Wetlands
Carbon Sequestration
Soil
Microbiomes
Carbon
Nitrogen
Indicator Organisms
Monitoring and Evaluation
Degradation
Overgrazing
Tierras Húmedas
Secuestro de Carbono
Suelo
Microbiomas
Carbono
Nitrógeno
Organismos Indicadores
Seguimiento y Evaluación
Degradación
Santa Cruz
Sobrepastoreo
Microbial Biomass
Basal Respiration
Soil Microbial Communities
Biomasa Microbiana
Respiración Basal
Comunidades Microbianas del Suelo
Sustainable land-use strategies
Estrategias de uso sostenible de la tierra
Región Patagónica
Nivel de accesibilidad: acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Repositorio
Institución: Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
OAI Identificador: oai:localhost:20.500.12123/24437

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spelling	Degradation of soil microbiome and carbon dynamics in response to overgrazing in Austral wetland ecosystemsToledo, SantiagoDiaz, Boris GastonDuarte Guardia, SandraPeri, Pablo LuisWetlandsCarbon SequestrationSoilMicrobiomesCarbonNitrogenIndicator OrganismsMonitoring and EvaluationDegradationOvergrazingTierras HúmedasSecuestro de CarbonoSueloMicrobiomasCarbonoNitrógenoOrganismos IndicadoresSeguimiento y EvaluaciónDegradaciónSanta CruzSobrepastoreoMicrobial BiomassBasal RespirationSoil Microbial CommunitiesBiomasa MicrobianaRespiración BasalComunidades Microbianas del SueloSustainable land-use strategiesEstrategias de uso sostenible de la tierraRegión PatagónicaWetlands (mallines) of Southern Patagonia are key ecosystems for biodiversity, forage production, and carbon (C) sequestration. However, overgrazing threatens their ecological integrity, causing varying levels of degra dation that alter soil physical, chemical, and biological properties. The impacts of grazing-induced degradation on soil microbiome function and C dynamics remain poorly understood. This study evaluated soil microbial attributes and C dynamics across eighteen wetlands under light, moderate, and severe degradation along a regional climatic gradient. Measured soil physicochemical and biological properties, such as microbial biomass C and N (MBC, MBN), basal respiration (SBR), microbial efficiency indices (qCO₂, qMC), and estimated both microbial and soil C stocks and CO₂ fluxes. Severe degradation reduced MBC and MBN by up to 46 % and 36 %, respectively, and SBR by 75 %, while increasing bulk density (0.57 to 0.92 g.cm− 3) and reducing nutrient levels (N: 80 %, P: 30 % and K: 35 %). Soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and associated potential CO₂ removal were 2.5 to 3 times higher in lightly (8.63 and 31.68 kg.m− 2) degraded wetlands compared to moderate (4.52 and 16.59 kg.m− 2) and severe (2.75 and 10.08 kg.m− 2), respectively. Microbial efficiency declined with severe degradation, represented by low qCO₂ (0.13 µg.mg− 1) and high qMC values (1.35 %). Random Forest models identified bulk density, vegetation cover, soil N, and litter as key drivers of microbial and C-related processes. Our findings reveal that degradation alters the functional capacity of soil microbial communities, consequently affecting carbon sequestration. Microbial variables are early bioindicators of soil functional integrity. Integrating micro bial and soil physicochemical parameters into monitoring frameworks can help detect early degradation and guide sustainable land-use strategies for wetland ecosystems.EEA Santa CruzFil: Toledo, Santiago. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. CIT Santa Cruz; Argentina.Fil: Toledo, Santiago: Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina.Fil Diaz, Boris Gaston. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina.Fil Diaz, Boris Gaston. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina.Fil: Duarte Guardia, Sandra. Universidad Científica del Sur. Escuela de Agroforestería. Lima; Perú.Fil: Duarte Guardia, Sandra. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Elsevier2025-11-04T10:51:30Z2025-11-04T10:51:30Z2025-12info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/24437https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S3050641725000412Toledo, S., Diaz, B. G., Duarte-Guardia, S., & Peri, P. L. (2025). Degradation of soil microbiome and carbon dynamics in response to overgrazing in Austral wetland ecosystems. Total Environment Microbiology 1 (4): 100041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.temicr.2025.1000413050-6417https://doi.org/10.1016/j.temicr.2025.100041Total Environment Microbiology 1 (4) : 100041. (December 2025)reponame:INTA Digital (INTA)instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuariaenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)2025-11-13T08:48:47Zoai:localhost:20.500.12123/24437instacron:INTAInstitucionalhttp://repositorio.inta.gob.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://repositorio.inta.gob.ar/oai/requesttripaldi.nicolas@inta.gob.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:l2025-11-13 08:48:48.067INTA Digital (INTA) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuariafalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv	Degradation of soil microbiome and carbon dynamics in response to overgrazing in Austral wetland ecosystems
title	Degradation of soil microbiome and carbon dynamics in response to overgrazing in Austral wetland ecosystems
spellingShingle	Degradation of soil microbiome and carbon dynamics in response to overgrazing in Austral wetland ecosystems Toledo, Santiago Wetlands Carbon Sequestration Soil Microbiomes Carbon Nitrogen Indicator Organisms Monitoring and Evaluation Degradation Overgrazing Tierras Húmedas Secuestro de Carbono Suelo Microbiomas Carbono Nitrógeno Organismos Indicadores Seguimiento y Evaluación Degradación Santa Cruz Sobrepastoreo Microbial Biomass Basal Respiration Soil Microbial Communities Biomasa Microbiana Respiración Basal Comunidades Microbianas del Suelo Sustainable land-use strategies Estrategias de uso sostenible de la tierra Región Patagónica
title_short	Degradation of soil microbiome and carbon dynamics in response to overgrazing in Austral wetland ecosystems
title_full	Degradation of soil microbiome and carbon dynamics in response to overgrazing in Austral wetland ecosystems
title_fullStr	Degradation of soil microbiome and carbon dynamics in response to overgrazing in Austral wetland ecosystems
title_full_unstemmed	Degradation of soil microbiome and carbon dynamics in response to overgrazing in Austral wetland ecosystems
title_sort	Degradation of soil microbiome and carbon dynamics in response to overgrazing in Austral wetland ecosystems
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv	Toledo, Santiago Diaz, Boris Gaston Duarte Guardia, Sandra Peri, Pablo Luis
author	Toledo, Santiago
author_facet	Toledo, Santiago Diaz, Boris Gaston Duarte Guardia, Sandra Peri, Pablo Luis
author_role	author
author2	Diaz, Boris Gaston Duarte Guardia, Sandra Peri, Pablo Luis
author2_role	author author author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv	Wetlands Carbon Sequestration Soil Microbiomes Carbon Nitrogen Indicator Organisms Monitoring and Evaluation Degradation Overgrazing Tierras Húmedas Secuestro de Carbono Suelo Microbiomas Carbono Nitrógeno Organismos Indicadores Seguimiento y Evaluación Degradación Santa Cruz Sobrepastoreo Microbial Biomass Basal Respiration Soil Microbial Communities Biomasa Microbiana Respiración Basal Comunidades Microbianas del Suelo Sustainable land-use strategies Estrategias de uso sostenible de la tierra Región Patagónica
topic	Wetlands Carbon Sequestration Soil Microbiomes Carbon Nitrogen Indicator Organisms Monitoring and Evaluation Degradation Overgrazing Tierras Húmedas Secuestro de Carbono Suelo Microbiomas Carbono Nitrógeno Organismos Indicadores Seguimiento y Evaluación Degradación Santa Cruz Sobrepastoreo Microbial Biomass Basal Respiration Soil Microbial Communities Biomasa Microbiana Respiración Basal Comunidades Microbianas del Suelo Sustainable land-use strategies Estrategias de uso sostenible de la tierra Región Patagónica
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv	Wetlands (mallines) of Southern Patagonia are key ecosystems for biodiversity, forage production, and carbon (C) sequestration. However, overgrazing threatens their ecological integrity, causing varying levels of degra dation that alter soil physical, chemical, and biological properties. The impacts of grazing-induced degradation on soil microbiome function and C dynamics remain poorly understood. This study evaluated soil microbial attributes and C dynamics across eighteen wetlands under light, moderate, and severe degradation along a regional climatic gradient. Measured soil physicochemical and biological properties, such as microbial biomass C and N (MBC, MBN), basal respiration (SBR), microbial efficiency indices (qCO₂, qMC), and estimated both microbial and soil C stocks and CO₂ fluxes. Severe degradation reduced MBC and MBN by up to 46 % and 36 %, respectively, and SBR by 75 %, while increasing bulk density (0.57 to 0.92 g.cm− 3) and reducing nutrient levels (N: 80 %, P: 30 % and K: 35 %). Soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and associated potential CO₂ removal were 2.5 to 3 times higher in lightly (8.63 and 31.68 kg.m− 2) degraded wetlands compared to moderate (4.52 and 16.59 kg.m− 2) and severe (2.75 and 10.08 kg.m− 2), respectively. Microbial efficiency declined with severe degradation, represented by low qCO₂ (0.13 µg.mg− 1) and high qMC values (1.35 %). Random Forest models identified bulk density, vegetation cover, soil N, and litter as key drivers of microbial and C-related processes. Our findings reveal that degradation alters the functional capacity of soil microbial communities, consequently affecting carbon sequestration. Microbial variables are early bioindicators of soil functional integrity. Integrating micro bial and soil physicochemical parameters into monitoring frameworks can help detect early degradation and guide sustainable land-use strategies for wetland ecosystems. EEA Santa Cruz Fil: Toledo, Santiago. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. CIT Santa Cruz; Argentina. Fil: Toledo, Santiago: Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina. Fil Diaz, Boris Gaston. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina. Fil Diaz, Boris Gaston. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina. Fil: Duarte Guardia, Sandra. Universidad Científica del Sur. Escuela de Agroforestería. Lima; Perú. Fil: Duarte Guardia, Sandra. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina. Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina. Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina. Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.
description	Wetlands (mallines) of Southern Patagonia are key ecosystems for biodiversity, forage production, and carbon (C) sequestration. However, overgrazing threatens their ecological integrity, causing varying levels of degra dation that alter soil physical, chemical, and biological properties. The impacts of grazing-induced degradation on soil microbiome function and C dynamics remain poorly understood. This study evaluated soil microbial attributes and C dynamics across eighteen wetlands under light, moderate, and severe degradation along a regional climatic gradient. Measured soil physicochemical and biological properties, such as microbial biomass C and N (MBC, MBN), basal respiration (SBR), microbial efficiency indices (qCO₂, qMC), and estimated both microbial and soil C stocks and CO₂ fluxes. Severe degradation reduced MBC and MBN by up to 46 % and 36 %, respectively, and SBR by 75 %, while increasing bulk density (0.57 to 0.92 g.cm− 3) and reducing nutrient levels (N: 80 %, P: 30 % and K: 35 %). Soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and associated potential CO₂ removal were 2.5 to 3 times higher in lightly (8.63 and 31.68 kg.m− 2) degraded wetlands compared to moderate (4.52 and 16.59 kg.m− 2) and severe (2.75 and 10.08 kg.m− 2), respectively. Microbial efficiency declined with severe degradation, represented by low qCO₂ (0.13 µg.mg− 1) and high qMC values (1.35 %). Random Forest models identified bulk density, vegetation cover, soil N, and litter as key drivers of microbial and C-related processes. Our findings reveal that degradation alters the functional capacity of soil microbial communities, consequently affecting carbon sequestration. Microbial variables are early bioindicators of soil functional integrity. Integrating micro bial and soil physicochemical parameters into monitoring frameworks can help detect early degradation and guide sustainable land-use strategies for wetland ecosystems.
publishDate	2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv	2025-11-04T10:51:30Z 2025-11-04T10:51:30Z 2025-12
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format	article
status_str	publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv	http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/24437 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S3050641725000412 Toledo, S., Diaz, B. G., Duarte-Guardia, S., & Peri, P. L. (2025). Degradation of soil microbiome and carbon dynamics in response to overgrazing in Austral wetland ecosystems. Total Environment Microbiology 1 (4): 100041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.temicr.2025.100041 3050-6417 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.temicr.2025.100041
url	http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/24437 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S3050641725000412 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.temicr.2025.100041
identifier_str_mv	Toledo, S., Diaz, B. G., Duarte-Guardia, S., & Peri, P. L. (2025). Degradation of soil microbiome and carbon dynamics in response to overgrazing in Austral wetland ecosystems. Total Environment Microbiology 1 (4): 100041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.temicr.2025.100041 3050-6417
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv	eng
language	eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
eu_rights_str_mv	openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv	application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv	Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv	Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv	Total Environment Microbiology 1 (4) : 100041. (December 2025) reponame:INTA Digital (INTA) instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
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repository.mail.fl_str_mv	tripaldi.nicolas@inta.gob.ar
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Degradation of soil microbiome and carbon dynamics in response to overgrazing in Austral wetland ecosystems

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