Grooming Behavior in Naturally Varroa-Resistant Apis mellifera Colonies From North-Central Argentina

• Autores: Russo, Romina Maria; Liendo, María Clara; Landi, Lucas; Pietronave, Hernan Pablo; Merke, Julieta; Fain, Hernan Carlos; Muntaabski, Irina; Palacio, María Alejandra; Rodriguez, Graciela Adriana; Lanzavecchia, Silvia Beatriz; Scannapieco, Alejandra Carla
• Año de publicación: 2020
• Idioma: inglés
• Tipo de recurso: artículo
• Fuente: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 8 : 590281 (2020)
• Materia: Abeja Melífera; Colonia de Abejas; Apicultura; Varroa Destructor; Comportamiento Animal; Incubación de Abejas; Argentina; Honey Bees; Bee Colonies; Apiculture; Animal Behaviour; Bee Broods
• Institución: Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria

The Western honey bee, Apis mellifera, is an important species in providing honey and pollination services globally. The mite Varroa destructor is the major threat to A. mellifera, and it is associated with the severe colony winter mortality reported in recent decades. However, Varroa mite tolerant or resistant populations of A. mellifera have been detected around the world. A proposed mechanism responsible for limiting mite population growth in the colonies is grooming behavior, the physical removal and injury of mites from the adult bee bodies by individual workers or by their nest-mates. This behavioral strategy has been poorly studied in V. destructor-resistant colonies worldwide, especially in honey bee populations of European origin. In Argentina, honey bee stocks showing survival without mite treatment have been reported. In the present study, European-derived A. mellifera populations established in the Transition Chaco eco-region (Santa Fe province), with a subtropical climate, were characterized at the colony level. A honey bee stock showing natural Varroa-resistance (M) was compared to a Varroa-susceptible stock (C) for parameters of colony status (colony strength, percentage of Varroa infestation in adults and brood, hygienic behavior) and for indirect measures of grooming (percentage of fallen mites and damaged mites). M colonies showed lower phoretic and brood infestation and higher hygienic behavior in early autumn, and higher survival and population strength after wintering, in comparison with C colonies. The mean percentages of fallen mites and of damaged mites, and the injury to mites were higher in M than in C colonies. Our results suggest that, by modulating the parasitization dynamics in colonies, grooming behavior would be associated with the higher survival of Varroa-resistant stock. This study sheds light on how honey bee colonies can adaptively respond to mite pressure by modeling their behavior to resist Varroosis and provides evidence for grooming as an emerging factor evolving by natural selection. Percentage of damaged mites appears to be a reliable measure to enhance this behavior in honey bee colonies by selective breeding. Finally, the importance of improving and protecting locally adapted honey bee populations with natural Varroa resistance for regional apiculture is discussed.
EEA Balcarce
Fil: Russo, Romina María. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Liendo, María Clara. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Landi, Lucas. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; Argentina
Fil: Pietronave, Hernán Pablo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Reconquista; Argentina
Fil: Merke, Julieta. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentina
Fil: Fain: Hernán Carlos. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Reconquista; Argentina
Fil: Muntaabski, Irina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Palacio, María Alejandra. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina.
Fil: Rodriguez, Graciela Adriana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Asscasubi; Argentina
Fil: Lanzavecchia; Silvia Beatriz. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Scannapieco, Alejandra Carla. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina