Environmental effects on seed yield determination of irrigated peanut crops: links with radiation use efficiency and crop growth rate

• Autores: Haro Juarez, Ricardo Javier; Otegui, María Elena; Collino, Daniel; Dardanelli, Julio Luis
• Año de publicación: 2007
• Idioma: inglés
• Tipo de recurso: artículo
• Fuente: Field crops research 103 (3) : 217-228. (13 September 2007)
• Materia: Arachis Hypogaea; Radiación Térmica; Relaciones Fuente Sumidero; Thermal Radiation; Source Sink Relations; Mani; Peanuts
• Institución: Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria

In Argentina, delayed sowing causes a decrease in seed yield and in radiation use efficiency (RUE) of peanut crops (Arachis hypogaea L.), but it is not known if RUE reduction is mainly due to reduced temperature during late reproductive stages or to a sink limitation promoted by decreased seed number in these conditions. We analyzed seed yield determination and RUE dynamics of two cultivars (Florman and ASEM) in four irrigated field experiments (Expn) grown at three sites and five contrasting sowing dates (between 17 October and 21 December) in three growing seasons. An additional field experiment was performed with widely spaced plants (i.e. with no interference among them) to evaluate the effect of peg removal on RUE and leaf carbon exchange rate (CER). Seasonal dynamics of mean air temperature and irradiance, biomass production (total and pods), and intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR) were followed. Seed yield and seed yield components (pod number, seeds per pod, seed number and seed weight) were determined at final harvest. Crop growth rate (CGR) and pod growth rate (PGR) were computed for growth phases of interest. RUE values for crops sown until 14 November were 1.89–1.98 g MJ−1 IPAR, within the usual range. RUE decreased significantly for cv. Florman in the late sowing of Exp1 (29 November) and for both cultivars in Exp3 (21 December sowing). Across experiments, seed yield (4.5-fold variation relative to minimum) was strongly associated (r2 = 0.87, P < 0.0001) with variations in seed number (3.5-fold variation relative to minimum), and to a lesser extent (r2 ≤ 0.54, P ≤ 0.001) to variations in seed weight (1.9-fold variation relative to minimum). Seed number was positively related (P < 0.01) to CGR (r2 = 0.66) and to PGR (r2 = 0.72) during the R3–R6.5 phase (seed number determination window), while crop growth during the grain-filling phase (i.e. between R6.5 and final harvest) was positively associated with grain number (r2 = 0.80, P < 0.001). No association was found between RUE and mean air temperature, neither for the whole cycle nor for the phase between R6.5 and final harvest, which showed the largest temperature variation (16.4–22.4 °C) across experiments. Use of mean minimum temperature records (range between 13.8 and 18.5 °C) did no improve the relationship. However, grain-filling phase RUE showed a positive (r2 = 0.69, P = 0.003) linear response to seed number across experiments. This apparent sink limitation of source activity was consistent with the reduced RUE (from 2.73 to 1.42 g MJ−1 IPAR) and reduced leaf CER at high irradiance (from ca. 30 to 15 μmol m−2 s−1) for plants subjected to 75% peg removal.
INTA. CR Córdoba. EEA Manfredi.
Fil: Haro Juarez, Ricardo Javier. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi; Argentina
Fil: Otegui, María Elena. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino. Departamento de Ecofisiología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía (CONICET- FAUBA); Argentina
Fil: Collino, Daniel. J. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; Argentina
Fil: Dardanelli, Julio Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi; Argentina