Agricultural expansion and the ecological marginalization of forest-dependent people

Autores
Levers, Christian; Romero-Muñoz, Alfredo; Baumann, Matthias; De Marzo, Teresa; Fernandez, Pedro David; Gasparri, Nestor Ignacio; Gavier Pizarro, Gregorio Ignacio; de Waroux, Yann le Polain; Piquer Rodríguez, María; Semper Pascual, Asunción; Kuemmerle, Tobias
Año de publicación
2021
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Agricultural expansion into subtropical and tropical forests causes major environmental damage, but its wider social impacts often remain hidden. Forest-dependent smallholders are particularly strongly impacted, as they crucially rely on forest resources, are typically poor, and often lack institutional support. Our goal was to assess forest-smallholder dynamics in relation to expanding commodity agriculture. Using high-resolution satellite images across the entire South American Gran Chaco, a global deforestation hotspot, we digitize individual forest-smallholder homesteads (n = 23,954) and track their dynamics between 1985 and 2015. Using a Bayesian model, we estimate 28,125 homesteads in 1985 and show that forest smallholders occupy much larger forest areas (>45% of all Chaco forests) than commonly appreciated and increasingly come into conflict with expanding commodity agriculture (18% of homesteads disappeared; n = 5,053). Importantly, we demonstrate an increasing ecological marginalization of forest smallholders, including a substantial forest resource base loss in all Chaco countries and an increasing confinement to drier regions (Argentina and Bolivia) and less accessible regions (Bolivia). Our transferable and scalable methodology puts forest smallholders on the map and can help to uncover the land-use conflicts at play in many deforestation frontiers across the globe. Such knowledge is essential to inform policies aimed at sustainable land use and supply chains.
Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido
Fil: Levers, Christian. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Geography Department; Alemania
Fil: Levers, Christian. University of British Columbia. Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability; Canadá
Fil: Levers, Christian. Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. Department of Environmental Geography. Institute for Environmental Studies; Países Bajos
Fil: Romero Muñoz, Alfredo. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Geography Department; Alemania
Fil: Baumann, Matthias. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Geography Department; Alemania
Fil: De Marzo, Teresa. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Geography Department; Alemania
Fil: Fernandez, Pedro David. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido; Argentina
Fil: Fernandez, Pedro David. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina
Fil: Gasparri, Nestor Ignacio. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina
Fil: Gavier Pizarro, Gregorio Ignacio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; Argentina
Fil: de Waroux, Yann le Polain. McGill University. Institute for the Study of International Development. Department of Geography; Canadá
Fil: Piquer Rodríguez, María. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Geography Department; Alemania
Fil: Piquer Rodríguez, María. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina
Fil: Piquer Rodríguez, María. Freie Univeristät Berlin. Latinamerika-Institut; Alemania
Fil: Semper Pascual, Asunción. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Geography Department; Alemania
Fil: Semper Pascual, Asunción. Norwegian University of Life Sciences. Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management; Noruega
Fil: Kuemmerle, Tobias. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Geography Department; Alemania
Fil: Kuemmerle, Tobias. Humboldt-University Berlin. Integrative Research Institute on Transformations in Human-Environment Systems; Alemania
Fuente
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) 118 (44) : e2100436118 (2021)
Materia
Deforestation
Livelihoods
Deforestación
Argentina
Medios de Vida
Subtropical and Tropical dry Forests and Savannahs
Commodity Frontiers
Small Scale Agriculture
Agricultura en Pequeña Escala
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso restringido
Condiciones de uso
Repositorio
INTA Digital (INTA)
Institución
Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
OAI Identificador
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spelling Agricultural expansion and the ecological marginalization of forest-dependent peopleLevers, ChristianRomero-Muñoz, AlfredoBaumann, MatthiasDe Marzo, TeresaFernandez, Pedro DavidGasparri, Nestor IgnacioGavier Pizarro, Gregorio Ignaciode Waroux, Yann le PolainPiquer Rodríguez, MaríaSemper Pascual, AsunciónKuemmerle, TobiasDeforestationLivelihoodsDeforestaciónArgentinaMedios de VidaSubtropical and Tropical dry Forests and SavannahsCommodity FrontiersSmall Scale AgricultureAgricultura en Pequeña EscalaAgricultural expansion into subtropical and tropical forests causes major environmental damage, but its wider social impacts often remain hidden. Forest-dependent smallholders are particularly strongly impacted, as they crucially rely on forest resources, are typically poor, and often lack institutional support. Our goal was to assess forest-smallholder dynamics in relation to expanding commodity agriculture. Using high-resolution satellite images across the entire South American Gran Chaco, a global deforestation hotspot, we digitize individual forest-smallholder homesteads (n = 23,954) and track their dynamics between 1985 and 2015. Using a Bayesian model, we estimate 28,125 homesteads in 1985 and show that forest smallholders occupy much larger forest areas (>45% of all Chaco forests) than commonly appreciated and increasingly come into conflict with expanding commodity agriculture (18% of homesteads disappeared; n = 5,053). Importantly, we demonstrate an increasing ecological marginalization of forest smallholders, including a substantial forest resource base loss in all Chaco countries and an increasing confinement to drier regions (Argentina and Bolivia) and less accessible regions (Bolivia). Our transferable and scalable methodology puts forest smallholders on the map and can help to uncover the land-use conflicts at play in many deforestation frontiers across the globe. Such knowledge is essential to inform policies aimed at sustainable land use and supply chains.Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco SemiáridoFil: Levers, Christian. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Geography Department; AlemaniaFil: Levers, Christian. University of British Columbia. Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability; CanadáFil: Levers, Christian. Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. Department of Environmental Geography. Institute for Environmental Studies; Países BajosFil: Romero Muñoz, Alfredo. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Geography Department; AlemaniaFil: Baumann, Matthias. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Geography Department; AlemaniaFil: De Marzo, Teresa. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Geography Department; AlemaniaFil: Fernandez, Pedro David. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez, Pedro David. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ecología Regional; ArgentinaFil: Gasparri, Nestor Ignacio. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ecología Regional; ArgentinaFil: Gavier Pizarro, Gregorio Ignacio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; ArgentinaFil: de Waroux, Yann le Polain. McGill University. Institute for the Study of International Development. Department of Geography; CanadáFil: Piquer Rodríguez, María. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Geography Department; AlemaniaFil: Piquer Rodríguez, María. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ecología Regional; ArgentinaFil: Piquer Rodríguez, María. Freie Univeristät Berlin. Latinamerika-Institut; AlemaniaFil: Semper Pascual, Asunción. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Geography Department; AlemaniaFil: Semper Pascual, Asunción. Norwegian University of Life Sciences. Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management; NoruegaFil: Kuemmerle, Tobias. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Geography Department; AlemaniaFil: Kuemmerle, Tobias. Humboldt-University Berlin. Integrative Research Institute on Transformations in Human-Environment Systems; AlemaniaNational Academy of Sciences2021-11-04T13:56:49Z2021-11-04T13:56:49Z2021-11-02info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/10683https://www.pnas.org/content/118/44/e21004361180027-84241091-6490 (online)https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2100436118Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) 118 (44) : e2100436118 (2021)reponame:INTA Digital (INTA)instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuariaenginfo:eu-repograntAgreement/INTA/PNNAT-1128052/AR./Desarrollo de herramientas y validación de metodologías para el estudio, gestión y manejo de los sistemas productivos, contribuyendo a su resiliencia socio agroambiental.info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess2025-09-29T13:45:23Zoai:localhost:20.500.12123/10683instacron:INTAInstitucionalhttp://repositorio.inta.gob.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://repositorio.inta.gob.ar/oai/requesttripaldi.nicolas@inta.gob.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:l2025-09-29 13:45:24.184INTA Digital (INTA) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuariafalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Agricultural expansion and the ecological marginalization of forest-dependent people
title Agricultural expansion and the ecological marginalization of forest-dependent people
spellingShingle Agricultural expansion and the ecological marginalization of forest-dependent people
Levers, Christian
Deforestation
Livelihoods
Deforestación
Argentina
Medios de Vida
Subtropical and Tropical dry Forests and Savannahs
Commodity Frontiers
Small Scale Agriculture
Agricultura en Pequeña Escala
title_short Agricultural expansion and the ecological marginalization of forest-dependent people
title_full Agricultural expansion and the ecological marginalization of forest-dependent people
title_fullStr Agricultural expansion and the ecological marginalization of forest-dependent people
title_full_unstemmed Agricultural expansion and the ecological marginalization of forest-dependent people
title_sort Agricultural expansion and the ecological marginalization of forest-dependent people
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Levers, Christian
Romero-Muñoz, Alfredo
Baumann, Matthias
De Marzo, Teresa
Fernandez, Pedro David
Gasparri, Nestor Ignacio
Gavier Pizarro, Gregorio Ignacio
de Waroux, Yann le Polain
Piquer Rodríguez, María
Semper Pascual, Asunción
Kuemmerle, Tobias
author Levers, Christian
author_facet Levers, Christian
Romero-Muñoz, Alfredo
Baumann, Matthias
De Marzo, Teresa
Fernandez, Pedro David
Gasparri, Nestor Ignacio
Gavier Pizarro, Gregorio Ignacio
de Waroux, Yann le Polain
Piquer Rodríguez, María
Semper Pascual, Asunción
Kuemmerle, Tobias
author_role author
author2 Romero-Muñoz, Alfredo
Baumann, Matthias
De Marzo, Teresa
Fernandez, Pedro David
Gasparri, Nestor Ignacio
Gavier Pizarro, Gregorio Ignacio
de Waroux, Yann le Polain
Piquer Rodríguez, María
Semper Pascual, Asunción
Kuemmerle, Tobias
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Deforestation
Livelihoods
Deforestación
Argentina
Medios de Vida
Subtropical and Tropical dry Forests and Savannahs
Commodity Frontiers
Small Scale Agriculture
Agricultura en Pequeña Escala
topic Deforestation
Livelihoods
Deforestación
Argentina
Medios de Vida
Subtropical and Tropical dry Forests and Savannahs
Commodity Frontiers
Small Scale Agriculture
Agricultura en Pequeña Escala
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Agricultural expansion into subtropical and tropical forests causes major environmental damage, but its wider social impacts often remain hidden. Forest-dependent smallholders are particularly strongly impacted, as they crucially rely on forest resources, are typically poor, and often lack institutional support. Our goal was to assess forest-smallholder dynamics in relation to expanding commodity agriculture. Using high-resolution satellite images across the entire South American Gran Chaco, a global deforestation hotspot, we digitize individual forest-smallholder homesteads (n = 23,954) and track their dynamics between 1985 and 2015. Using a Bayesian model, we estimate 28,125 homesteads in 1985 and show that forest smallholders occupy much larger forest areas (>45% of all Chaco forests) than commonly appreciated and increasingly come into conflict with expanding commodity agriculture (18% of homesteads disappeared; n = 5,053). Importantly, we demonstrate an increasing ecological marginalization of forest smallholders, including a substantial forest resource base loss in all Chaco countries and an increasing confinement to drier regions (Argentina and Bolivia) and less accessible regions (Bolivia). Our transferable and scalable methodology puts forest smallholders on the map and can help to uncover the land-use conflicts at play in many deforestation frontiers across the globe. Such knowledge is essential to inform policies aimed at sustainable land use and supply chains.
Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido
Fil: Levers, Christian. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Geography Department; Alemania
Fil: Levers, Christian. University of British Columbia. Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability; Canadá
Fil: Levers, Christian. Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. Department of Environmental Geography. Institute for Environmental Studies; Países Bajos
Fil: Romero Muñoz, Alfredo. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Geography Department; Alemania
Fil: Baumann, Matthias. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Geography Department; Alemania
Fil: De Marzo, Teresa. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Geography Department; Alemania
Fil: Fernandez, Pedro David. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido; Argentina
Fil: Fernandez, Pedro David. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina
Fil: Gasparri, Nestor Ignacio. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina
Fil: Gavier Pizarro, Gregorio Ignacio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; Argentina
Fil: de Waroux, Yann le Polain. McGill University. Institute for the Study of International Development. Department of Geography; Canadá
Fil: Piquer Rodríguez, María. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Geography Department; Alemania
Fil: Piquer Rodríguez, María. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina
Fil: Piquer Rodríguez, María. Freie Univeristät Berlin. Latinamerika-Institut; Alemania
Fil: Semper Pascual, Asunción. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Geography Department; Alemania
Fil: Semper Pascual, Asunción. Norwegian University of Life Sciences. Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management; Noruega
Fil: Kuemmerle, Tobias. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Geography Department; Alemania
Fil: Kuemmerle, Tobias. Humboldt-University Berlin. Integrative Research Institute on Transformations in Human-Environment Systems; Alemania
description Agricultural expansion into subtropical and tropical forests causes major environmental damage, but its wider social impacts often remain hidden. Forest-dependent smallholders are particularly strongly impacted, as they crucially rely on forest resources, are typically poor, and often lack institutional support. Our goal was to assess forest-smallholder dynamics in relation to expanding commodity agriculture. Using high-resolution satellite images across the entire South American Gran Chaco, a global deforestation hotspot, we digitize individual forest-smallholder homesteads (n = 23,954) and track their dynamics between 1985 and 2015. Using a Bayesian model, we estimate 28,125 homesteads in 1985 and show that forest smallholders occupy much larger forest areas (>45% of all Chaco forests) than commonly appreciated and increasingly come into conflict with expanding commodity agriculture (18% of homesteads disappeared; n = 5,053). Importantly, we demonstrate an increasing ecological marginalization of forest smallholders, including a substantial forest resource base loss in all Chaco countries and an increasing confinement to drier regions (Argentina and Bolivia) and less accessible regions (Bolivia). Our transferable and scalable methodology puts forest smallholders on the map and can help to uncover the land-use conflicts at play in many deforestation frontiers across the globe. Such knowledge is essential to inform policies aimed at sustainable land use and supply chains.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2021-11-04T13:56:49Z
2021-11-04T13:56:49Z
2021-11-02
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/10683
https://www.pnas.org/content/118/44/e2100436118
0027-8424
1091-6490 (online)
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2100436118
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/10683
https://www.pnas.org/content/118/44/e2100436118
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2100436118
identifier_str_mv 0027-8424
1091-6490 (online)
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repograntAgreement/INTA/PNNAT-1128052/AR./Desarrollo de herramientas y validación de metodologías para el estudio, gestión y manejo de los sistemas productivos, contribuyendo a su resiliencia socio agroambiental.
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
eu_rights_str_mv restrictedAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv National Academy of Sciences
publisher.none.fl_str_mv National Academy of Sciences
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) 118 (44) : e2100436118 (2021)
reponame:INTA Digital (INTA)
instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
reponame_str INTA Digital (INTA)
collection INTA Digital (INTA)
instname_str Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
repository.name.fl_str_mv INTA Digital (INTA) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
repository.mail.fl_str_mv tripaldi.nicolas@inta.gob.ar
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