Direct effect of ozone pollution on aphids: revisiting the evidence at individual and population scales

• Autores: Telesnicki, Marta Cecilia; Martinez-Ghersa, Maria Alejandra; Arneodo Larochette, Joel Demian; Ghersa, Claudio Marco
• Año de publicación: 2015
• Idioma: inglés
• Tipo de recurso: artículo
• Fuente: Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 155 (1) : 71-79. (April 2015)
• Materia: Aphididae; Metopolophium Dirhodum; Ozono; Estrés Oxidativo; Mortalidad; Crecimiento de la Población; Simbiosis; Simbiontico; Hemiptera; Symbionts; Symbiosis; Population Growth; Mortality; Oxidative Stress; Ozone
• Institución: Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria

Most of our knowledge about the consequences of tropospheric ozone pollution on aphid–plant interaction assumes the absence of a direct effect of ozone on aphids. However, the biological effects of ozone encompass changes in reactive oxygen species signalling, oxidative stress accumulation, and the immune response of both plants and animals. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the direct effect of ozone on Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae), linking mechanisms that operate at individual scale (oxidative stress parameters and aphid‐bacteria symbiosis persistence) with their consequences at population scale (mortality, dispersion, and population growth). Two experiments were conducted in open‐top chambers with three contrasting ozone exposure regimes (6 h at 0.5 ± 0.3, 50 ± 5, or 150 ± 10 p.p.b.) and artificial diets to evaluate the direct effect of ozone on aphids. Exposure of aphids to ozone increased insect mortality compared to the control treatment. However, the populations established from the surviving insects of each treatment increased similarly. Consistently, aphid symbiosis with Buchnera aphidicola Munson et al. (Proteobacteria) and Hamiltonella defensa Moran et al. (Enterobacteriaceae) persisted in all treatments. Ozone also affected aphid behaviour. The proportion of insects dispersing from diet cages was lower in the ozone treatments than in the control treatment. In addition, lipid peroxidation was higher at 150 p.p.b. than at 50 p.p.b. treatment, although not different from that in the control. The reduction in aphid dispersion coupled with increased mortality suggests that direct exposure to ozone could lower aphid efficiency as virus vectors. These results could be partially associated with mechanisms operating at individual scale (accumulation of oxidative damage). Overall, these experiments encourage reconsidering the impact of the direct effects of ozone on aphids when assessing the consequences of this component of global change on plant–aphid interactions.
Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola
Fil: Telesnicki, Marta Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura; Argentina
Fil: Martinez-Ghersa, Maria Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura; Argentina
Fil: Arneodo Larochette, Joel Demian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola; Argentina
Fil: Ghersa, Claudio Marco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura; Argentina