Hunting and Habitat Destruction Drive Widespread Functional Declines of Top Predators in a Global Deforestation Hotspot

Autores: Romero Muñoz, Alfredo; Bleyhl, Benjamin; Benitez López, Ana; Camino, Micaela; Decarre, Julieta; Nanni, Ana Sofía; Noss, Andrew J.; Giordano, Anthony J.; Quiroga, Verónica; Torres, Ricardo; Thompson, Jeffrey J.; Villalba, Laura; Nuñez Regueiro, Mauricio M.; De Angelo, Carlos; Kuemmerle, Tobias
Año de publicación: 2025
Idioma: inglés
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado: versión publicada
Descripción: Aim: We investigated the effects of habitat destruction and hunting on the functional decline of top predators, specifically jaguar and puma, in the Gran Chaco. Location: The 1.1 million km2 South American Gran Chaco. Methods: We used spatially explicit, individual-based models for jaguars and pumas, incorporating detailed information on habitat suitability and hunting pressure. We parameterized our models with literature data and calibrated them through a Delphi expert-elicitation process. We simulated population trajectories under a hypothetical, threat-free, baseline versus different threat scenarios. Results: Under combined threats of hunting and habitat loss, jaguar and puma populations declined by 88% and 80%, respectively, compared to range contractions of 48% and 35%, respectively. Both species remained regionally viable, particularly due to large protected areas, which acted as population sources but were surrounded by strong sinks. We observed a widespread weakening of the top carnivore guild function, with at least one species extirpated across 67% of the Chaco and strong declines (> 80%; considered here as functional loss) for both species concurrently across 61% of their area of historical co-occurrence. Hunting was a much stronger driver of population declines (88% and 77% for jaguars and pumas, respectively) compared to habitat destruction (26% and 22%). Main Conclusions: Large predators play key functional roles in ecosystems. Our findings reveal that these functions can be lost over vast areas due to the combined effects of habitat destruction and hunting, with functional loss extending far beyond the areas of species' extirpation. Very large protected areas, like Kaa-Iya in Bolivia, are crucial for maintaining viable populations of top predators, highlighting the pressing need for increased protection and connectivity in the Chaco to prevent further trophic downgrading. More generally, our research underscores the value of spatially detailed, mechanistic models for disentangling the complex dynamics of multiple threats on ecological functioning at broad scales.
Instituto de Recursos Biológicos
Fil: Romero Muñoz, Alfredo. Humboldt University. Geography Departament; Alemania.
Fil: Bleyhl, Benjamin. Humboldt University. Geography Departament; Alemania.
Fil: Benitez López, Ana. National Museum of Natural Sciences. Department of Biogeography and Global Change; España
Fil: Camino, Micaela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral; Argentina
Fil: Camino, Micaela. Proyecto Quimilero, Resistencia; Argentina.
Fil: Decarre, Julieta. Humboldt University. Geography Departament; Alemania.
Fil: Decarre, Julieta. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; Argentina
Fil: Nanni, Ana Sofía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina.
Fil: Nanni, Ana Sofía. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina.
Fil: Nanni, Ana Sofía. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Manuel Lillo; Argentina.
Fil: Noss, Andrew J. University of Florida. Department of Geography; Estados Unidos
Fil: Giordano, Anthony. Society for the Preservation of Endangered Carnivores and their International Ecological Study (S.P.E.C.I.E.S); Estados Unidos. UCLA Inst. of the Environment and Sustainability. Center for Tropical Research; Estados Unidos
Fil: Quiroga, Verónica. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Inst. de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA – CONICET) Centro de Zoología Aplicada; Argentina
Fil: Quiroga, Verónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Inst. de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA – CONICET), Centro de Zoología Aplicada; Argentina
Fil: Quiroga, Verónica. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Zoología Aplicada; Argentina
Fil: Torres, Ricardo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Inst. de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA – CONICET). Centro de Zoología Aplicada; Argentina
Fil: Torres, Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Inst. de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA – CONICET). Centro de Zoología Aplicada; Argentin
Fil: Torres, Ricardo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Museo de Zoología; Argentina
Fil: Thompson, Jeffrey J. Guyra Paraguay-CONACYT; Paraguay
Fil: Thompson, Jeffrey J. Instituto Saite, Asunción; Paraguay
Fil: Villalba, Laura. Wildlife Conservation Society; Paraguay
Fil: Nuñez Regueiro, Mauricio M. The Nature Conservancy; Argentina
Fil: Nuñez Regueiro, Mauricio M. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; Argentina
Fil: Nuñez Regueiro, Mauricio M. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; Argentina
Fil: De Angelo, Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Biodiversidad y Ambiente; Argentina
Fil: De Angelo, Carlos. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Biodiversidad y Ambiente; Argentina
Fil: Kuemmerle, Tobias. Humboldt-University. Geography Department; Alemania.
Fil: Kuemmerle, Tobias. Transformations of Human-Environment Systems (IRI THESys). Integrative Research Institute; Alemania
Fuente: Diversity and Distributions 31 (2) : e70003. (February 2025)
Materia: Caza
Depredadores
Pérdida de Hábitat
Deforestación
Bosque Seco
Hunting
Predators
Habitat Loss
Deforestation
Dry Forests
Nivel de accesibilidad: acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Repositorio
Institución: Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
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spelling	Hunting and Habitat Destruction Drive Widespread Functional Declines of Top Predators in a Global Deforestation HotspotRomero Muñoz, AlfredoBleyhl, BenjaminBenitez López, AnaCamino, MicaelaDecarre, JulietaNanni, Ana SofíaNoss, Andrew J.Giordano, Anthony J.Quiroga, VerónicaTorres, RicardoThompson, Jeffrey J.Villalba, LauraNuñez Regueiro, Mauricio M.De Angelo, CarlosKuemmerle, TobiasCazaDepredadoresPérdida de HábitatDeforestaciónBosque SecoHuntingPredatorsHabitat LossDeforestationDry ForestsAim: We investigated the effects of habitat destruction and hunting on the functional decline of top predators, specifically jaguar and puma, in the Gran Chaco. Location: The 1.1 million km2 South American Gran Chaco. Methods: We used spatially explicit, individual-based models for jaguars and pumas, incorporating detailed information on habitat suitability and hunting pressure. We parameterized our models with literature data and calibrated them through a Delphi expert-elicitation process. We simulated population trajectories under a hypothetical, threat-free, baseline versus different threat scenarios. Results: Under combined threats of hunting and habitat loss, jaguar and puma populations declined by 88% and 80%, respectively, compared to range contractions of 48% and 35%, respectively. Both species remained regionally viable, particularly due to large protected areas, which acted as population sources but were surrounded by strong sinks. We observed a widespread weakening of the top carnivore guild function, with at least one species extirpated across 67% of the Chaco and strong declines (> 80%; considered here as functional loss) for both species concurrently across 61% of their area of historical co-occurrence. Hunting was a much stronger driver of population declines (88% and 77% for jaguars and pumas, respectively) compared to habitat destruction (26% and 22%). Main Conclusions: Large predators play key functional roles in ecosystems. Our findings reveal that these functions can be lost over vast areas due to the combined effects of habitat destruction and hunting, with functional loss extending far beyond the areas of species' extirpation. Very large protected areas, like Kaa-Iya in Bolivia, are crucial for maintaining viable populations of top predators, highlighting the pressing need for increased protection and connectivity in the Chaco to prevent further trophic downgrading. More generally, our research underscores the value of spatially detailed, mechanistic models for disentangling the complex dynamics of multiple threats on ecological functioning at broad scales.Instituto de Recursos BiológicosFil: Romero Muñoz, Alfredo. Humboldt University. Geography Departament; Alemania.Fil: Bleyhl, Benjamin. Humboldt University. Geography Departament; Alemania.Fil: Benitez López, Ana. National Museum of Natural Sciences. Department of Biogeography and Global Change; EspañaFil: Camino, Micaela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Camino, Micaela. Proyecto Quimilero, Resistencia; Argentina.Fil: Decarre, Julieta. Humboldt University. Geography Departament; Alemania.Fil: Decarre, Julieta. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; ArgentinaFil: Nanni, Ana Sofía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina.Fil: Nanni, Ana Sofía. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina.Fil: Nanni, Ana Sofía. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Manuel Lillo; Argentina.Fil: Noss, Andrew J. University of Florida. Department of Geography; Estados UnidosFil: Giordano, Anthony. Society for the Preservation of Endangered Carnivores and their International Ecological Study (S.P.E.C.I.E.S); Estados Unidos. UCLA Inst. of the Environment and Sustainability. Center for Tropical Research; Estados UnidosFil: Quiroga, Verónica. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Inst. de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA – CONICET) Centro de Zoología Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Quiroga, Verónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Inst. de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA – CONICET), Centro de Zoología Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Quiroga, Verónica. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Zoología Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Torres, Ricardo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Inst. de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA – CONICET). Centro de Zoología Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Torres, Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Inst. de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA – CONICET). Centro de Zoología Aplicada; ArgentinFil: Torres, Ricardo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Museo de Zoología; ArgentinaFil: Thompson, Jeffrey J. Guyra Paraguay-CONACYT; ParaguayFil: Thompson, Jeffrey J. Instituto Saite, Asunción; ParaguayFil: Villalba, Laura. Wildlife Conservation Society; ParaguayFil: Nuñez Regueiro, Mauricio M. The Nature Conservancy; ArgentinaFil: Nuñez Regueiro, Mauricio M. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; ArgentinaFil: Nuñez Regueiro, Mauricio M. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; ArgentinaFil: De Angelo, Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Biodiversidad y Ambiente; ArgentinaFil: De Angelo, Carlos. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Biodiversidad y Ambiente; ArgentinaFil: Kuemmerle, Tobias. Humboldt-University. Geography Department; Alemania.Fil: Kuemmerle, Tobias. Transformations of Human-Environment Systems (IRI THESys). 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dc.title.none.fl_str_mv	Hunting and Habitat Destruction Drive Widespread Functional Declines of Top Predators in a Global Deforestation Hotspot
title	Hunting and Habitat Destruction Drive Widespread Functional Declines of Top Predators in a Global Deforestation Hotspot
spellingShingle	Hunting and Habitat Destruction Drive Widespread Functional Declines of Top Predators in a Global Deforestation Hotspot Romero Muñoz, Alfredo Caza Depredadores Pérdida de Hábitat Deforestación Bosque Seco Hunting Predators Habitat Loss Deforestation Dry Forests
title_short	Hunting and Habitat Destruction Drive Widespread Functional Declines of Top Predators in a Global Deforestation Hotspot
title_full	Hunting and Habitat Destruction Drive Widespread Functional Declines of Top Predators in a Global Deforestation Hotspot
title_fullStr	Hunting and Habitat Destruction Drive Widespread Functional Declines of Top Predators in a Global Deforestation Hotspot
title_full_unstemmed	Hunting and Habitat Destruction Drive Widespread Functional Declines of Top Predators in a Global Deforestation Hotspot
title_sort	Hunting and Habitat Destruction Drive Widespread Functional Declines of Top Predators in a Global Deforestation Hotspot
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv	Romero Muñoz, Alfredo Bleyhl, Benjamin Benitez López, Ana Camino, Micaela Decarre, Julieta Nanni, Ana Sofía Noss, Andrew J. Giordano, Anthony J. Quiroga, Verónica Torres, Ricardo Thompson, Jeffrey J. Villalba, Laura Nuñez Regueiro, Mauricio M. De Angelo, Carlos Kuemmerle, Tobias
author	Romero Muñoz, Alfredo
author_facet	Romero Muñoz, Alfredo Bleyhl, Benjamin Benitez López, Ana Camino, Micaela Decarre, Julieta Nanni, Ana Sofía Noss, Andrew J. Giordano, Anthony J. Quiroga, Verónica Torres, Ricardo Thompson, Jeffrey J. Villalba, Laura Nuñez Regueiro, Mauricio M. De Angelo, Carlos Kuemmerle, Tobias
author_role	author
author2	Bleyhl, Benjamin Benitez López, Ana Camino, Micaela Decarre, Julieta Nanni, Ana Sofía Noss, Andrew J. Giordano, Anthony J. Quiroga, Verónica Torres, Ricardo Thompson, Jeffrey J. Villalba, Laura Nuñez Regueiro, Mauricio M. De Angelo, Carlos Kuemmerle, Tobias
author2_role	author author author author author author author author author author author author author author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv	Caza Depredadores Pérdida de Hábitat Deforestación Bosque Seco Hunting Predators Habitat Loss Deforestation Dry Forests
topic	Caza Depredadores Pérdida de Hábitat Deforestación Bosque Seco Hunting Predators Habitat Loss Deforestation Dry Forests
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv	Aim: We investigated the effects of habitat destruction and hunting on the functional decline of top predators, specifically jaguar and puma, in the Gran Chaco. Location: The 1.1 million km2 South American Gran Chaco. Methods: We used spatially explicit, individual-based models for jaguars and pumas, incorporating detailed information on habitat suitability and hunting pressure. We parameterized our models with literature data and calibrated them through a Delphi expert-elicitation process. We simulated population trajectories under a hypothetical, threat-free, baseline versus different threat scenarios. Results: Under combined threats of hunting and habitat loss, jaguar and puma populations declined by 88% and 80%, respectively, compared to range contractions of 48% and 35%, respectively. Both species remained regionally viable, particularly due to large protected areas, which acted as population sources but were surrounded by strong sinks. We observed a widespread weakening of the top carnivore guild function, with at least one species extirpated across 67% of the Chaco and strong declines (> 80%; considered here as functional loss) for both species concurrently across 61% of their area of historical co-occurrence. Hunting was a much stronger driver of population declines (88% and 77% for jaguars and pumas, respectively) compared to habitat destruction (26% and 22%). Main Conclusions: Large predators play key functional roles in ecosystems. Our findings reveal that these functions can be lost over vast areas due to the combined effects of habitat destruction and hunting, with functional loss extending far beyond the areas of species' extirpation. Very large protected areas, like Kaa-Iya in Bolivia, are crucial for maintaining viable populations of top predators, highlighting the pressing need for increased protection and connectivity in the Chaco to prevent further trophic downgrading. More generally, our research underscores the value of spatially detailed, mechanistic models for disentangling the complex dynamics of multiple threats on ecological functioning at broad scales. Instituto de Recursos Biológicos Fil: Romero Muñoz, Alfredo. Humboldt University. Geography Departament; Alemania. Fil: Bleyhl, Benjamin. Humboldt University. Geography Departament; Alemania. Fil: Benitez López, Ana. National Museum of Natural Sciences. Department of Biogeography and Global Change; España Fil: Camino, Micaela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral; Argentina Fil: Camino, Micaela. Proyecto Quimilero, Resistencia; Argentina. Fil: Decarre, Julieta. Humboldt University. Geography Departament; Alemania. Fil: Decarre, Julieta. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; Argentina Fil: Nanni, Ana Sofía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina. Fil: Nanni, Ana Sofía. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina. Fil: Nanni, Ana Sofía. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Manuel Lillo; Argentina. Fil: Noss, Andrew J. University of Florida. Department of Geography; Estados Unidos Fil: Giordano, Anthony. Society for the Preservation of Endangered Carnivores and their International Ecological Study (S.P.E.C.I.E.S); Estados Unidos. UCLA Inst. of the Environment and Sustainability. Center for Tropical Research; Estados Unidos Fil: Quiroga, Verónica. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Inst. de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA – CONICET) Centro de Zoología Aplicada; Argentina Fil: Quiroga, Verónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Inst. de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA – CONICET), Centro de Zoología Aplicada; Argentina Fil: Quiroga, Verónica. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Zoología Aplicada; Argentina Fil: Torres, Ricardo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Inst. de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA – CONICET). Centro de Zoología Aplicada; Argentina Fil: Torres, Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Inst. de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA – CONICET). Centro de Zoología Aplicada; Argentin Fil: Torres, Ricardo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Museo de Zoología; Argentina Fil: Thompson, Jeffrey J. Guyra Paraguay-CONACYT; Paraguay Fil: Thompson, Jeffrey J. Instituto Saite, Asunción; Paraguay Fil: Villalba, Laura. Wildlife Conservation Society; Paraguay Fil: Nuñez Regueiro, Mauricio M. The Nature Conservancy; Argentina Fil: Nuñez Regueiro, Mauricio M. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; Argentina Fil: Nuñez Regueiro, Mauricio M. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; Argentina Fil: De Angelo, Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Biodiversidad y Ambiente; Argentina Fil: De Angelo, Carlos. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Biodiversidad y Ambiente; Argentina Fil: Kuemmerle, Tobias. Humboldt-University. Geography Department; Alemania. Fil: Kuemmerle, Tobias. Transformations of Human-Environment Systems (IRI THESys). Integrative Research Institute; Alemania
description	Aim: We investigated the effects of habitat destruction and hunting on the functional decline of top predators, specifically jaguar and puma, in the Gran Chaco. Location: The 1.1 million km2 South American Gran Chaco. Methods: We used spatially explicit, individual-based models for jaguars and pumas, incorporating detailed information on habitat suitability and hunting pressure. We parameterized our models with literature data and calibrated them through a Delphi expert-elicitation process. We simulated population trajectories under a hypothetical, threat-free, baseline versus different threat scenarios. Results: Under combined threats of hunting and habitat loss, jaguar and puma populations declined by 88% and 80%, respectively, compared to range contractions of 48% and 35%, respectively. Both species remained regionally viable, particularly due to large protected areas, which acted as population sources but were surrounded by strong sinks. We observed a widespread weakening of the top carnivore guild function, with at least one species extirpated across 67% of the Chaco and strong declines (> 80%; considered here as functional loss) for both species concurrently across 61% of their area of historical co-occurrence. Hunting was a much stronger driver of population declines (88% and 77% for jaguars and pumas, respectively) compared to habitat destruction (26% and 22%). Main Conclusions: Large predators play key functional roles in ecosystems. Our findings reveal that these functions can be lost over vast areas due to the combined effects of habitat destruction and hunting, with functional loss extending far beyond the areas of species' extirpation. Very large protected areas, like Kaa-Iya in Bolivia, are crucial for maintaining viable populations of top predators, highlighting the pressing need for increased protection and connectivity in the Chaco to prevent further trophic downgrading. More generally, our research underscores the value of spatially detailed, mechanistic models for disentangling the complex dynamics of multiple threats on ecological functioning at broad scales.
publishDate	2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv	2025-02-26T12:54:53Z 2025-02-26T12:54:53Z 2025-02
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dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv	http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/21472 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ddi.70003 1366-9516 1472-4642 https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70003
url	http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/21472 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ddi.70003 https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70003
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dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv	Wiley
publisher.none.fl_str_mv	Wiley
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv	Diversity and Distributions 31 (2) : e70003. (February 2025) reponame:INTA Digital (INTA) instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
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Hunting and Habitat Destruction Drive Widespread Functional Declines of Top Predators in a Global Deforestation Hotspot

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