Hunting and Habitat Destruction Drive Widespread Functional Declines of Top Predators in a Global Deforestation Hotspot

Autores
Romero Muñoz, Alfredo; Bleyhl, Benjamin; Benitez López, Ana; Camino, Micaela; Decarre, Julieta; Nanni, Ana Sofía; Noss, Andrew J.; Giordano, Anthony J.; Quiroga, Verónica; Torres, Ricardo; Thompson, Jeffrey J.; Villalba, Laura; Nuñez Regueiro, Mauricio M.; De Angelo, Carlos; Kuemmerle, Tobias
Año de publicación
2025
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Aim: We investigated the effects of habitat destruction and hunting on the functional decline of top predators, specifically jaguar and puma, in the Gran Chaco. Location: The 1.1 million km2 South American Gran Chaco. Methods: We used spatially explicit, individual-based models for jaguars and pumas, incorporating detailed information on habitat suitability and hunting pressure. We parameterized our models with literature data and calibrated them through a Delphi expert-elicitation process. We simulated population trajectories under a hypothetical, threat-free, baseline versus different threat scenarios. Results: Under combined threats of hunting and habitat loss, jaguar and puma populations declined by 88% and 80%, respectively, compared to range contractions of 48% and 35%, respectively. Both species remained regionally viable, particularly due to large protected areas, which acted as population sources but were surrounded by strong sinks. We observed a widespread weakening of the top carnivore guild function, with at least one species extirpated across 67% of the Chaco and strong declines (> 80%; considered here as functional loss) for both species concurrently across 61% of their area of historical co-occurrence. Hunting was a much stronger driver of population declines (88% and 77% for jaguars and pumas, respectively) compared to habitat destruction (26% and 22%). Main Conclusions: Large predators play key functional roles in ecosystems. Our findings reveal that these functions can be lost over vast areas due to the combined effects of habitat destruction and hunting, with functional loss extending far beyond the areas of species' extirpation. Very large protected areas, like Kaa-Iya in Bolivia, are crucial for maintaining viable populations of top predators, highlighting the pressing need for increased protection and connectivity in the Chaco to prevent further trophic downgrading. More generally, our research underscores the value of spatially detailed, mechanistic models for disentangling the complex dynamics of multiple threats on ecological functioning at broad scales.
Instituto de Recursos Biológicos
Fil: Romero Muñoz, Alfredo. Humboldt University. Geography Departament; Alemania.
Fil: Bleyhl, Benjamin. Humboldt University. Geography Departament; Alemania.
Fil: Benitez López, Ana. National Museum of Natural Sciences. Department of Biogeography and Global Change; España
Fil: Camino, Micaela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral; Argentina
Fil: Camino, Micaela. Proyecto Quimilero, Resistencia; Argentina.
Fil: Decarre, Julieta. Humboldt University. Geography Departament; Alemania.
Fil: Decarre, Julieta. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; Argentina
Fil: Nanni, Ana Sofía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina.
Fil: Nanni, Ana Sofía. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina.
Fil: Nanni, Ana Sofía. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Manuel Lillo; Argentina.
Fil: Noss, Andrew J. University of Florida. Department of Geography; Estados Unidos
Fil: Giordano, Anthony. Society for the Preservation of Endangered Carnivores and their International Ecological Study (S.P.E.C.I.E.S); Estados Unidos. UCLA Inst. of the Environment and Sustainability. Center for Tropical Research; Estados Unidos
Fil: Quiroga, Verónica. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Inst. de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA – CONICET) Centro de Zoología Aplicada; Argentina
Fil: Quiroga, Verónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Inst. de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA – CONICET), Centro de Zoología Aplicada; Argentina
Fil: Quiroga, Verónica. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Zoología Aplicada; Argentina
Fil: Torres, Ricardo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Inst. de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA – CONICET). Centro de Zoología Aplicada; Argentina
Fil: Torres, Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Inst. de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA – CONICET). Centro de Zoología Aplicada; Argentin
Fil: Torres, Ricardo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Museo de Zoología; Argentina
Fil: Thompson, Jeffrey J. Guyra Paraguay-CONACYT; Paraguay
Fil: Thompson, Jeffrey J. Instituto Saite, Asunción; Paraguay
Fil: Villalba, Laura. Wildlife Conservation Society; Paraguay
Fil: Nuñez Regueiro, Mauricio M. The Nature Conservancy; Argentina
Fil: Nuñez Regueiro, Mauricio M. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; Argentina
Fil: Nuñez Regueiro, Mauricio M. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; Argentina
Fil: De Angelo, Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Biodiversidad y Ambiente; Argentina
Fil: De Angelo, Carlos. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Biodiversidad y Ambiente; Argentina
Fil: Kuemmerle, Tobias. Humboldt-University. Geography Department; Alemania.
Fil: Kuemmerle, Tobias. Transformations of Human-Environment Systems (IRI THESys). Integrative Research Institute; Alemania
Fuente
Diversity and Distributions 31 (2) : e70003. (February 2025)
Materia
Caza
Depredadores
Pérdida de Hábitat
Deforestación
Bosque Seco
Hunting
Predators
Habitat Loss
Deforestation
Dry Forests
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Repositorio
INTA Digital (INTA)
Institución
Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
OAI Identificador
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network_name_str INTA Digital (INTA)
spelling Hunting and Habitat Destruction Drive Widespread Functional Declines of Top Predators in a Global Deforestation HotspotRomero Muñoz, AlfredoBleyhl, BenjaminBenitez López, AnaCamino, MicaelaDecarre, JulietaNanni, Ana SofíaNoss, Andrew J.Giordano, Anthony J.Quiroga, VerónicaTorres, RicardoThompson, Jeffrey J.Villalba, LauraNuñez Regueiro, Mauricio M.De Angelo, CarlosKuemmerle, TobiasCazaDepredadoresPérdida de HábitatDeforestaciónBosque SecoHuntingPredatorsHabitat LossDeforestationDry ForestsAim: We investigated the effects of habitat destruction and hunting on the functional decline of top predators, specifically jaguar and puma, in the Gran Chaco. Location: The 1.1 million km2 South American Gran Chaco. Methods: We used spatially explicit, individual-based models for jaguars and pumas, incorporating detailed information on habitat suitability and hunting pressure. We parameterized our models with literature data and calibrated them through a Delphi expert-elicitation process. We simulated population trajectories under a hypothetical, threat-free, baseline versus different threat scenarios. Results: Under combined threats of hunting and habitat loss, jaguar and puma populations declined by 88% and 80%, respectively, compared to range contractions of 48% and 35%, respectively. Both species remained regionally viable, particularly due to large protected areas, which acted as population sources but were surrounded by strong sinks. We observed a widespread weakening of the top carnivore guild function, with at least one species extirpated across 67% of the Chaco and strong declines (> 80%; considered here as functional loss) for both species concurrently across 61% of their area of historical co-occurrence. Hunting was a much stronger driver of population declines (88% and 77% for jaguars and pumas, respectively) compared to habitat destruction (26% and 22%). Main Conclusions: Large predators play key functional roles in ecosystems. Our findings reveal that these functions can be lost over vast areas due to the combined effects of habitat destruction and hunting, with functional loss extending far beyond the areas of species' extirpation. Very large protected areas, like Kaa-Iya in Bolivia, are crucial for maintaining viable populations of top predators, highlighting the pressing need for increased protection and connectivity in the Chaco to prevent further trophic downgrading. More generally, our research underscores the value of spatially detailed, mechanistic models for disentangling the complex dynamics of multiple threats on ecological functioning at broad scales.Instituto de Recursos BiológicosFil: Romero Muñoz, Alfredo. Humboldt University. Geography Departament; Alemania.Fil: Bleyhl, Benjamin. Humboldt University. Geography Departament; Alemania.Fil: Benitez López, Ana. National Museum of Natural Sciences. Department of Biogeography and Global Change; EspañaFil: Camino, Micaela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Camino, Micaela. Proyecto Quimilero, Resistencia; Argentina.Fil: Decarre, Julieta. Humboldt University. Geography Departament; Alemania.Fil: Decarre, Julieta. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; ArgentinaFil: Nanni, Ana Sofía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina.Fil: Nanni, Ana Sofía. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina.Fil: Nanni, Ana Sofía. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Manuel Lillo; Argentina.Fil: Noss, Andrew J. University of Florida. Department of Geography; Estados UnidosFil: Giordano, Anthony. Society for the Preservation of Endangered Carnivores and their International Ecological Study (S.P.E.C.I.E.S); Estados Unidos. UCLA Inst. of the Environment and Sustainability. Center for Tropical Research; Estados UnidosFil: Quiroga, Verónica. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Inst. de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA – CONICET) Centro de Zoología Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Quiroga, Verónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Inst. de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA – CONICET), Centro de Zoología Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Quiroga, Verónica. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Zoología Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Torres, Ricardo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Inst. de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA – CONICET). Centro de Zoología Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Torres, Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Inst. de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA – CONICET). Centro de Zoología Aplicada; ArgentinFil: Torres, Ricardo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Museo de Zoología; ArgentinaFil: Thompson, Jeffrey J. Guyra Paraguay-CONACYT; ParaguayFil: Thompson, Jeffrey J. Instituto Saite, Asunción; ParaguayFil: Villalba, Laura. Wildlife Conservation Society; ParaguayFil: Nuñez Regueiro, Mauricio M. The Nature Conservancy; ArgentinaFil: Nuñez Regueiro, Mauricio M. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; ArgentinaFil: Nuñez Regueiro, Mauricio M. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; ArgentinaFil: De Angelo, Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Biodiversidad y Ambiente; ArgentinaFil: De Angelo, Carlos. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Biodiversidad y Ambiente; ArgentinaFil: Kuemmerle, Tobias. Humboldt-University. Geography Department; Alemania.Fil: Kuemmerle, Tobias. Transformations of Human-Environment Systems (IRI THESys). Integrative Research Institute; AlemaniaWiley2025-02-26T12:54:53Z2025-02-26T12:54:53Z2025-02info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/21472https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ddi.700031366-95161472-4642https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70003Diversity and Distributions 31 (2) : e70003. (February 2025)reponame:INTA Digital (INTA)instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuariaenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)2025-09-29T13:47:10Zoai:localhost:20.500.12123/21472instacron:INTAInstitucionalhttp://repositorio.inta.gob.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://repositorio.inta.gob.ar/oai/requesttripaldi.nicolas@inta.gob.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:l2025-09-29 13:47:10.405INTA Digital (INTA) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuariafalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Hunting and Habitat Destruction Drive Widespread Functional Declines of Top Predators in a Global Deforestation Hotspot
title Hunting and Habitat Destruction Drive Widespread Functional Declines of Top Predators in a Global Deforestation Hotspot
spellingShingle Hunting and Habitat Destruction Drive Widespread Functional Declines of Top Predators in a Global Deforestation Hotspot
Romero Muñoz, Alfredo
Caza
Depredadores
Pérdida de Hábitat
Deforestación
Bosque Seco
Hunting
Predators
Habitat Loss
Deforestation
Dry Forests
title_short Hunting and Habitat Destruction Drive Widespread Functional Declines of Top Predators in a Global Deforestation Hotspot
title_full Hunting and Habitat Destruction Drive Widespread Functional Declines of Top Predators in a Global Deforestation Hotspot
title_fullStr Hunting and Habitat Destruction Drive Widespread Functional Declines of Top Predators in a Global Deforestation Hotspot
title_full_unstemmed Hunting and Habitat Destruction Drive Widespread Functional Declines of Top Predators in a Global Deforestation Hotspot
title_sort Hunting and Habitat Destruction Drive Widespread Functional Declines of Top Predators in a Global Deforestation Hotspot
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Romero Muñoz, Alfredo
Bleyhl, Benjamin
Benitez López, Ana
Camino, Micaela
Decarre, Julieta
Nanni, Ana Sofía
Noss, Andrew J.
Giordano, Anthony J.
Quiroga, Verónica
Torres, Ricardo
Thompson, Jeffrey J.
Villalba, Laura
Nuñez Regueiro, Mauricio M.
De Angelo, Carlos
Kuemmerle, Tobias
author Romero Muñoz, Alfredo
author_facet Romero Muñoz, Alfredo
Bleyhl, Benjamin
Benitez López, Ana
Camino, Micaela
Decarre, Julieta
Nanni, Ana Sofía
Noss, Andrew J.
Giordano, Anthony J.
Quiroga, Verónica
Torres, Ricardo
Thompson, Jeffrey J.
Villalba, Laura
Nuñez Regueiro, Mauricio M.
De Angelo, Carlos
Kuemmerle, Tobias
author_role author
author2 Bleyhl, Benjamin
Benitez López, Ana
Camino, Micaela
Decarre, Julieta
Nanni, Ana Sofía
Noss, Andrew J.
Giordano, Anthony J.
Quiroga, Verónica
Torres, Ricardo
Thompson, Jeffrey J.
Villalba, Laura
Nuñez Regueiro, Mauricio M.
De Angelo, Carlos
Kuemmerle, Tobias
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Caza
Depredadores
Pérdida de Hábitat
Deforestación
Bosque Seco
Hunting
Predators
Habitat Loss
Deforestation
Dry Forests
topic Caza
Depredadores
Pérdida de Hábitat
Deforestación
Bosque Seco
Hunting
Predators
Habitat Loss
Deforestation
Dry Forests
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Aim: We investigated the effects of habitat destruction and hunting on the functional decline of top predators, specifically jaguar and puma, in the Gran Chaco. Location: The 1.1 million km2 South American Gran Chaco. Methods: We used spatially explicit, individual-based models for jaguars and pumas, incorporating detailed information on habitat suitability and hunting pressure. We parameterized our models with literature data and calibrated them through a Delphi expert-elicitation process. We simulated population trajectories under a hypothetical, threat-free, baseline versus different threat scenarios. Results: Under combined threats of hunting and habitat loss, jaguar and puma populations declined by 88% and 80%, respectively, compared to range contractions of 48% and 35%, respectively. Both species remained regionally viable, particularly due to large protected areas, which acted as population sources but were surrounded by strong sinks. We observed a widespread weakening of the top carnivore guild function, with at least one species extirpated across 67% of the Chaco and strong declines (> 80%; considered here as functional loss) for both species concurrently across 61% of their area of historical co-occurrence. Hunting was a much stronger driver of population declines (88% and 77% for jaguars and pumas, respectively) compared to habitat destruction (26% and 22%). Main Conclusions: Large predators play key functional roles in ecosystems. Our findings reveal that these functions can be lost over vast areas due to the combined effects of habitat destruction and hunting, with functional loss extending far beyond the areas of species' extirpation. Very large protected areas, like Kaa-Iya in Bolivia, are crucial for maintaining viable populations of top predators, highlighting the pressing need for increased protection and connectivity in the Chaco to prevent further trophic downgrading. More generally, our research underscores the value of spatially detailed, mechanistic models for disentangling the complex dynamics of multiple threats on ecological functioning at broad scales.
Instituto de Recursos Biológicos
Fil: Romero Muñoz, Alfredo. Humboldt University. Geography Departament; Alemania.
Fil: Bleyhl, Benjamin. Humboldt University. Geography Departament; Alemania.
Fil: Benitez López, Ana. National Museum of Natural Sciences. Department of Biogeography and Global Change; España
Fil: Camino, Micaela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral; Argentina
Fil: Camino, Micaela. Proyecto Quimilero, Resistencia; Argentina.
Fil: Decarre, Julieta. Humboldt University. Geography Departament; Alemania.
Fil: Decarre, Julieta. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; Argentina
Fil: Nanni, Ana Sofía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina.
Fil: Nanni, Ana Sofía. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina.
Fil: Nanni, Ana Sofía. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Manuel Lillo; Argentina.
Fil: Noss, Andrew J. University of Florida. Department of Geography; Estados Unidos
Fil: Giordano, Anthony. Society for the Preservation of Endangered Carnivores and their International Ecological Study (S.P.E.C.I.E.S); Estados Unidos. UCLA Inst. of the Environment and Sustainability. Center for Tropical Research; Estados Unidos
Fil: Quiroga, Verónica. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Inst. de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA – CONICET) Centro de Zoología Aplicada; Argentina
Fil: Quiroga, Verónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Inst. de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA – CONICET), Centro de Zoología Aplicada; Argentina
Fil: Quiroga, Verónica. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Zoología Aplicada; Argentina
Fil: Torres, Ricardo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Inst. de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA – CONICET). Centro de Zoología Aplicada; Argentina
Fil: Torres, Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Inst. de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA – CONICET). Centro de Zoología Aplicada; Argentin
Fil: Torres, Ricardo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Museo de Zoología; Argentina
Fil: Thompson, Jeffrey J. Guyra Paraguay-CONACYT; Paraguay
Fil: Thompson, Jeffrey J. Instituto Saite, Asunción; Paraguay
Fil: Villalba, Laura. Wildlife Conservation Society; Paraguay
Fil: Nuñez Regueiro, Mauricio M. The Nature Conservancy; Argentina
Fil: Nuñez Regueiro, Mauricio M. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; Argentina
Fil: Nuñez Regueiro, Mauricio M. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; Argentina
Fil: De Angelo, Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Biodiversidad y Ambiente; Argentina
Fil: De Angelo, Carlos. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Biodiversidad y Ambiente; Argentina
Fil: Kuemmerle, Tobias. Humboldt-University. Geography Department; Alemania.
Fil: Kuemmerle, Tobias. Transformations of Human-Environment Systems (IRI THESys). Integrative Research Institute; Alemania
description Aim: We investigated the effects of habitat destruction and hunting on the functional decline of top predators, specifically jaguar and puma, in the Gran Chaco. Location: The 1.1 million km2 South American Gran Chaco. Methods: We used spatially explicit, individual-based models for jaguars and pumas, incorporating detailed information on habitat suitability and hunting pressure. We parameterized our models with literature data and calibrated them through a Delphi expert-elicitation process. We simulated population trajectories under a hypothetical, threat-free, baseline versus different threat scenarios. Results: Under combined threats of hunting and habitat loss, jaguar and puma populations declined by 88% and 80%, respectively, compared to range contractions of 48% and 35%, respectively. Both species remained regionally viable, particularly due to large protected areas, which acted as population sources but were surrounded by strong sinks. We observed a widespread weakening of the top carnivore guild function, with at least one species extirpated across 67% of the Chaco and strong declines (> 80%; considered here as functional loss) for both species concurrently across 61% of their area of historical co-occurrence. Hunting was a much stronger driver of population declines (88% and 77% for jaguars and pumas, respectively) compared to habitat destruction (26% and 22%). Main Conclusions: Large predators play key functional roles in ecosystems. Our findings reveal that these functions can be lost over vast areas due to the combined effects of habitat destruction and hunting, with functional loss extending far beyond the areas of species' extirpation. Very large protected areas, like Kaa-Iya in Bolivia, are crucial for maintaining viable populations of top predators, highlighting the pressing need for increased protection and connectivity in the Chaco to prevent further trophic downgrading. More generally, our research underscores the value of spatially detailed, mechanistic models for disentangling the complex dynamics of multiple threats on ecological functioning at broad scales.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025-02-26T12:54:53Z
2025-02-26T12:54:53Z
2025-02
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dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/21472
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ddi.70003
1366-9516
1472-4642
https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70003
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/21472
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ddi.70003
https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70003
identifier_str_mv 1366-9516
1472-4642
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
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Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Wiley
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Wiley
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Diversity and Distributions 31 (2) : e70003. (February 2025)
reponame:INTA Digital (INTA)
instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
reponame_str INTA Digital (INTA)
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instname_str Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
repository.name.fl_str_mv INTA Digital (INTA) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
repository.mail.fl_str_mv tripaldi.nicolas@inta.gob.ar
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