The scale dependency of spatial crop species diversity and its relation to temporal diversity

Autores
Aramburu Merlos, Fernando; Hijmans, Robert J.
Año de publicación
2020
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Increasing crop species diversity can enhance agricultural sustainability, but the scale dependency of the processes that shape diversity and of the effects of diversity on agroecosystems is insufficiently understood. We used 30 m spatial resolution crop classification data for the conterminous United States to analyze spatial and temporal crop species diversity and their relationship. We found that the US average temporal (crop rotation) diversity is 2.1 effective number of species and that a crop’s average temporal diversity is lowest for common crops. Spatial diversity monotonically increases with the size of the unit of observation, and it is most strongly associated with temporal diversity when measured for areas of 100 to 400 ha, which is the typical US farm size. The association between diversity in space and time weakens as data are aggregated over larger areas because of the increasing diversity among farms, but at intermediate aggregation levels (counties) it is possible to estimate temporal diversity and farm-scale spatial diversity from aggregated spatial crop diversity data if the effect of beta diversity is considered. For larger areas, the diversity among farms is usually much greater than the diversity within them, and this needs to be considered when analyzing large-area crop diversity data. US agriculture is dominated by a few major annual crops (maize, soybean, wheat) that are mostly grown on fields with a very low temporal diversity. To increase crop species diversity, currently minor crops would have to increase in area at the expense of these major crops.
EEA Balcarce
Fil: Aramburu Merlos, Fernando. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina.
Fil: Aramburu Merlos, Fernando. University of California Davis. Department of Environmental Science and Policy; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Hijmans, Robert. University of California Davis. Department of Environmental Science and Policy; Estados Unidos.
Fuente
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS) 117 (42) 26176-26182. (2020)
Materia
Cultivos
Diversidad de Especies
Agrobiodiversidad
Rotación de Cultivos
Análisis Espacial
Escala
Crops
Species Diversity
Agrobiodiversity
Crop Rotation
Spatial Analysis
Scale
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Repositorio
INTA Digital (INTA)
Institución
Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
OAI Identificador
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oai_identifier_str oai:localhost:20.500.12123/12413
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network_name_str INTA Digital (INTA)
spelling The scale dependency of spatial crop species diversity and its relation to temporal diversityAramburu Merlos, FernandoHijmans, Robert J.CultivosDiversidad de EspeciesAgrobiodiversidadRotación de CultivosAnálisis EspacialEscalaCropsSpecies DiversityAgrobiodiversityCrop RotationSpatial AnalysisScaleIncreasing crop species diversity can enhance agricultural sustainability, but the scale dependency of the processes that shape diversity and of the effects of diversity on agroecosystems is insufficiently understood. We used 30 m spatial resolution crop classification data for the conterminous United States to analyze spatial and temporal crop species diversity and their relationship. We found that the US average temporal (crop rotation) diversity is 2.1 effective number of species and that a crop’s average temporal diversity is lowest for common crops. Spatial diversity monotonically increases with the size of the unit of observation, and it is most strongly associated with temporal diversity when measured for areas of 100 to 400 ha, which is the typical US farm size. The association between diversity in space and time weakens as data are aggregated over larger areas because of the increasing diversity among farms, but at intermediate aggregation levels (counties) it is possible to estimate temporal diversity and farm-scale spatial diversity from aggregated spatial crop diversity data if the effect of beta diversity is considered. For larger areas, the diversity among farms is usually much greater than the diversity within them, and this needs to be considered when analyzing large-area crop diversity data. US agriculture is dominated by a few major annual crops (maize, soybean, wheat) that are mostly grown on fields with a very low temporal diversity. To increase crop species diversity, currently minor crops would have to increase in area at the expense of these major crops.EEA BalcarceFil: Aramburu Merlos, Fernando. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina.Fil: Aramburu Merlos, Fernando. University of California Davis. Department of Environmental Science and Policy; Estados Unidos.Fil: Hijmans, Robert. University of California Davis. Department of Environmental Science and Policy; Estados Unidos.National Academy of Sciences2022-07-27T10:39:49Z2022-07-27T10:39:49Z2020-10-20info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/12413https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.20117021171091-6490https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2011702117Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS) 117 (42) 26176-26182. (2020)reponame:INTA Digital (INTA)instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuariaenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)2025-09-04T09:49:28Zoai:localhost:20.500.12123/12413instacron:INTAInstitucionalhttp://repositorio.inta.gob.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://repositorio.inta.gob.ar/oai/requesttripaldi.nicolas@inta.gob.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:l2025-09-04 09:49:28.492INTA Digital (INTA) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuariafalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv The scale dependency of spatial crop species diversity and its relation to temporal diversity
title The scale dependency of spatial crop species diversity and its relation to temporal diversity
spellingShingle The scale dependency of spatial crop species diversity and its relation to temporal diversity
Aramburu Merlos, Fernando
Cultivos
Diversidad de Especies
Agrobiodiversidad
Rotación de Cultivos
Análisis Espacial
Escala
Crops
Species Diversity
Agrobiodiversity
Crop Rotation
Spatial Analysis
Scale
title_short The scale dependency of spatial crop species diversity and its relation to temporal diversity
title_full The scale dependency of spatial crop species diversity and its relation to temporal diversity
title_fullStr The scale dependency of spatial crop species diversity and its relation to temporal diversity
title_full_unstemmed The scale dependency of spatial crop species diversity and its relation to temporal diversity
title_sort The scale dependency of spatial crop species diversity and its relation to temporal diversity
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Aramburu Merlos, Fernando
Hijmans, Robert J.
author Aramburu Merlos, Fernando
author_facet Aramburu Merlos, Fernando
Hijmans, Robert J.
author_role author
author2 Hijmans, Robert J.
author2_role author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Cultivos
Diversidad de Especies
Agrobiodiversidad
Rotación de Cultivos
Análisis Espacial
Escala
Crops
Species Diversity
Agrobiodiversity
Crop Rotation
Spatial Analysis
Scale
topic Cultivos
Diversidad de Especies
Agrobiodiversidad
Rotación de Cultivos
Análisis Espacial
Escala
Crops
Species Diversity
Agrobiodiversity
Crop Rotation
Spatial Analysis
Scale
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Increasing crop species diversity can enhance agricultural sustainability, but the scale dependency of the processes that shape diversity and of the effects of diversity on agroecosystems is insufficiently understood. We used 30 m spatial resolution crop classification data for the conterminous United States to analyze spatial and temporal crop species diversity and their relationship. We found that the US average temporal (crop rotation) diversity is 2.1 effective number of species and that a crop’s average temporal diversity is lowest for common crops. Spatial diversity monotonically increases with the size of the unit of observation, and it is most strongly associated with temporal diversity when measured for areas of 100 to 400 ha, which is the typical US farm size. The association between diversity in space and time weakens as data are aggregated over larger areas because of the increasing diversity among farms, but at intermediate aggregation levels (counties) it is possible to estimate temporal diversity and farm-scale spatial diversity from aggregated spatial crop diversity data if the effect of beta diversity is considered. For larger areas, the diversity among farms is usually much greater than the diversity within them, and this needs to be considered when analyzing large-area crop diversity data. US agriculture is dominated by a few major annual crops (maize, soybean, wheat) that are mostly grown on fields with a very low temporal diversity. To increase crop species diversity, currently minor crops would have to increase in area at the expense of these major crops.
EEA Balcarce
Fil: Aramburu Merlos, Fernando. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina.
Fil: Aramburu Merlos, Fernando. University of California Davis. Department of Environmental Science and Policy; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Hijmans, Robert. University of California Davis. Department of Environmental Science and Policy; Estados Unidos.
description Increasing crop species diversity can enhance agricultural sustainability, but the scale dependency of the processes that shape diversity and of the effects of diversity on agroecosystems is insufficiently understood. We used 30 m spatial resolution crop classification data for the conterminous United States to analyze spatial and temporal crop species diversity and their relationship. We found that the US average temporal (crop rotation) diversity is 2.1 effective number of species and that a crop’s average temporal diversity is lowest for common crops. Spatial diversity monotonically increases with the size of the unit of observation, and it is most strongly associated with temporal diversity when measured for areas of 100 to 400 ha, which is the typical US farm size. The association between diversity in space and time weakens as data are aggregated over larger areas because of the increasing diversity among farms, but at intermediate aggregation levels (counties) it is possible to estimate temporal diversity and farm-scale spatial diversity from aggregated spatial crop diversity data if the effect of beta diversity is considered. For larger areas, the diversity among farms is usually much greater than the diversity within them, and this needs to be considered when analyzing large-area crop diversity data. US agriculture is dominated by a few major annual crops (maize, soybean, wheat) that are mostly grown on fields with a very low temporal diversity. To increase crop species diversity, currently minor crops would have to increase in area at the expense of these major crops.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2020-10-20
2022-07-27T10:39:49Z
2022-07-27T10:39:49Z
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/12413
https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2011702117
1091-6490
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2011702117
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/12413
https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2011702117
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2011702117
identifier_str_mv 1091-6490
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv National Academy of Sciences
publisher.none.fl_str_mv National Academy of Sciences
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS) 117 (42) 26176-26182. (2020)
reponame:INTA Digital (INTA)
instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
reponame_str INTA Digital (INTA)
collection INTA Digital (INTA)
instname_str Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
repository.name.fl_str_mv INTA Digital (INTA) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
repository.mail.fl_str_mv tripaldi.nicolas@inta.gob.ar
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