Interactions among nutrients govern the global grassland biomass–precipitation relationship

Autores
Fay, Philip A.; Gherardi, Laureano A.; Yahdjian, Laura; Adler, Peter B.; Bakker, Jonathan D.; Bharath, Siddharth; Borer, Elizabeth T.; Harpole, William Stanley; Hersch-Green, Erika I.; Huxman, Travis E.; Peri, Pablo Luis; Wheeler, George R.
Año de publicación
2025
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Ecosystems are experiencing changing global patterns of mean annual precipitation (MAP) and enrichment with multiple nutrients that potentially colimit plant biomass production. In grasslands, mean aboveground plant biomass is closely related to MAP, but how this relationship changes after enrichment with multiple nutrients remains unclear. We hypothesized the global biomass–MAP relationship becomes steeper with an increasing number of added nutrients, with increases in steepness corresponding to the form of interaction among added nutrients and with increased mediation by changes in plant community diversity. We measured aboveground plant biomass production and species diversity in 71 grasslands on six continents representing the global span of grassland MAP, diversity, management, and soils. We fertilized all sites with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium with micronutrients in all combinations to identify which nutrients limited biomass at each site. As hypothesized, fertilizing with one, two, or three nutrients progressively steepened the global biomass–MAP relationship. The magnitude of the increase in steepness corresponded to whether sites were not limited by nitrogen or phosphorus, were limited by either one, or were colimited by both in additive, or synergistic forms. Unexpectedly, we found only weak evidence for mediation of biomass–MAP relationships by plant community diversity because relationships of species richness, evenness, and beta diversity to MAP and to biomass were weak or opposing. Site-level properties including baseline biomass production, soils, and management explained little variation in biomass–MAP relationships. These findings reveal multiple nutrient colimitation as a defining feature of the global grassland biomass–MAP relationship.
EEA Santa Cruz, INTA
Fil: Fay, Philip A. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grassland, Soil, and Water Lab. Temple; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Gherardi, Laureano A. University of California. Department of Environmental Sciences, Policy, and Management; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Yahdjian, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA); Argentina.
Fil: Yahdjian, Laura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA); Argentina.
Fil: Adler, Peter B. Utah State University. Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Bakker, Jonathan D. University of Washington. School of Environmental and Forest Sciences; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Bharath, Siddharth. University of Minnesota. Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Borer, Elizabeth T. University of Minnesota. Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Harpole, William Stanley. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Halle-Jena-Leipzig; Alemania
Fil: Harpole, William Stanley. Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research. Department of Physiological Diversity; Alemania
Fil: Harpole, William Stanley. Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Alemania
Fil: Hersch-Green, Erika I. Michigan Technological University. Dept. of Biological Sciences; Estados Unidos
Fil: Huxman, Travis E. University of California. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Estados Unidos.
Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina.
Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina.
Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.
Fil: Wheeler, George R. Michigan Technological University. Department of Biological Sciences; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Wheeler, George R. University of Nebraska-Lincoln. School of Biological Sciences, Estados Unidos.
Fuente
PNAS 122 (15) : e2410748122. (April 2025)
Materia
Pastures
Primary Productivity
Precipitation
Species Diversity
Nutrient Availability
Biomass
Pastizales
Productividad Primaria
Precipitación Atmosférica
Diversidad de Especies
Disponibilidad de Nutrientes
Biomasa
Región Patagónica
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso restringido
Condiciones de uso
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Repositorio
INTA Digital (INTA)
Institución
Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
OAI Identificador
oai:localhost:20.500.12123/22286
Acceder
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oai_identifier_str oai:localhost:20.500.12123/22286
network_acronym_str INTADig
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network_name_str INTA Digital (INTA)
spelling Interactions among nutrients govern the global grassland biomass–precipitation relationshipFay, Philip A.Gherardi, Laureano A.Yahdjian, LauraAdler, Peter B.Bakker, Jonathan D.Bharath, SiddharthBorer, Elizabeth T.Harpole, William StanleyHersch-Green, Erika I.Huxman, Travis E.Peri, Pablo LuisWheeler, George R.PasturesPrimary ProductivityPrecipitationSpecies DiversityNutrient AvailabilityBiomassPastizalesProductividad PrimariaPrecipitación AtmosféricaDiversidad de EspeciesDisponibilidad de NutrientesBiomasaRegión PatagónicaEcosystems are experiencing changing global patterns of mean annual precipitation (MAP) and enrichment with multiple nutrients that potentially colimit plant biomass production. In grasslands, mean aboveground plant biomass is closely related to MAP, but how this relationship changes after enrichment with multiple nutrients remains unclear. We hypothesized the global biomass–MAP relationship becomes steeper with an increasing number of added nutrients, with increases in steepness corresponding to the form of interaction among added nutrients and with increased mediation by changes in plant community diversity. We measured aboveground plant biomass production and species diversity in 71 grasslands on six continents representing the global span of grassland MAP, diversity, management, and soils. We fertilized all sites with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium with micronutrients in all combinations to identify which nutrients limited biomass at each site. As hypothesized, fertilizing with one, two, or three nutrients progressively steepened the global biomass–MAP relationship. The magnitude of the increase in steepness corresponded to whether sites were not limited by nitrogen or phosphorus, were limited by either one, or were colimited by both in additive, or synergistic forms. Unexpectedly, we found only weak evidence for mediation of biomass–MAP relationships by plant community diversity because relationships of species richness, evenness, and beta diversity to MAP and to biomass were weak or opposing. Site-level properties including baseline biomass production, soils, and management explained little variation in biomass–MAP relationships. These findings reveal multiple nutrient colimitation as a defining feature of the global grassland biomass–MAP relationship.EEA Santa Cruz, INTAFil: Fay, Philip A. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grassland, Soil, and Water Lab. Temple; Estados Unidos.Fil: Gherardi, Laureano A. University of California. Department of Environmental Sciences, Policy, and Management; Estados Unidos.Fil: Yahdjian, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA); Argentina.Fil: Yahdjian, Laura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA); Argentina.Fil: Adler, Peter B. Utah State University. Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center; Estados Unidos.Fil: Bakker, Jonathan D. University of Washington. School of Environmental and Forest Sciences; Estados Unidos.Fil: Bharath, Siddharth. University of Minnesota. Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior; Estados Unidos.Fil: Borer, Elizabeth T. University of Minnesota. Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior; Estados Unidos.Fil: Harpole, William Stanley. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Halle-Jena-Leipzig; AlemaniaFil: Harpole, William Stanley. Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research. Department of Physiological Diversity; AlemaniaFil: Harpole, William Stanley. Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; AlemaniaFil: Hersch-Green, Erika I. Michigan Technological University. Dept. of Biological Sciences; Estados UnidosFil: Huxman, Travis E. University of California. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Estados Unidos.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Wheeler, George R. Michigan Technological University. Department of Biological Sciences; Estados Unidos.Fil: Wheeler, George R. University of Nebraska-Lincoln. School of Biological Sciences, Estados Unidos.National Academy of Sciences2025-05-15T10:21:34Z2025-05-15T10:21:34Z2025-04-11info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/22286https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2410748122Fay P.A.; Gherardi L.A.; Yahdjian L.; Adler P.B-; Bakker J.D.; Bharath S.; Borer E.T.; Stanley Harpole W.; (…); Peri P.L.; et al. (2025) Interactions among nutrients govern the global grassland biomass - precipitation relationship. PNAS 122(15): e2410748122. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.24107481221091-6490https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2410748122PNAS 122 (15) : e2410748122. (April 2025)reponame:INTA Digital (INTA)instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuariaenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)2025-11-27T08:40:35Zoai:localhost:20.500.12123/22286instacron:INTAInstitucionalhttp://repositorio.inta.gob.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://repositorio.inta.gob.ar/oai/requesttripaldi.nicolas@inta.gob.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:l2025-11-27 08:40:35.681INTA Digital (INTA) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuariafalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Interactions among nutrients govern the global grassland biomass–precipitation relationship
title Interactions among nutrients govern the global grassland biomass–precipitation relationship
spellingShingle Interactions among nutrients govern the global grassland biomass–precipitation relationship
Fay, Philip A.
Pastures
Primary Productivity
Precipitation
Species Diversity
Nutrient Availability
Biomass
Pastizales
Productividad Primaria
Precipitación Atmosférica
Diversidad de Especies
Disponibilidad de Nutrientes
Biomasa
Región Patagónica
title_short Interactions among nutrients govern the global grassland biomass–precipitation relationship
title_full Interactions among nutrients govern the global grassland biomass–precipitation relationship
title_fullStr Interactions among nutrients govern the global grassland biomass–precipitation relationship
title_full_unstemmed Interactions among nutrients govern the global grassland biomass–precipitation relationship
title_sort Interactions among nutrients govern the global grassland biomass–precipitation relationship
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Fay, Philip A.
Gherardi, Laureano A.
Yahdjian, Laura
Adler, Peter B.
Bakker, Jonathan D.
Bharath, Siddharth
Borer, Elizabeth T.
Harpole, William Stanley
Hersch-Green, Erika I.
Huxman, Travis E.
Peri, Pablo Luis
Wheeler, George R.
author Fay, Philip A.
author_facet Fay, Philip A.
Gherardi, Laureano A.
Yahdjian, Laura
Adler, Peter B.
Bakker, Jonathan D.
Bharath, Siddharth
Borer, Elizabeth T.
Harpole, William Stanley
Hersch-Green, Erika I.
Huxman, Travis E.
Peri, Pablo Luis
Wheeler, George R.
author_role author
author2 Gherardi, Laureano A.
Yahdjian, Laura
Adler, Peter B.
Bakker, Jonathan D.
Bharath, Siddharth
Borer, Elizabeth T.
Harpole, William Stanley
Hersch-Green, Erika I.
Huxman, Travis E.
Peri, Pablo Luis
Wheeler, George R.
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Pastures
Primary Productivity
Precipitation
Species Diversity
Nutrient Availability
Biomass
Pastizales
Productividad Primaria
Precipitación Atmosférica
Diversidad de Especies
Disponibilidad de Nutrientes
Biomasa
Región Patagónica
topic Pastures
Primary Productivity
Precipitation
Species Diversity
Nutrient Availability
Biomass
Pastizales
Productividad Primaria
Precipitación Atmosférica
Diversidad de Especies
Disponibilidad de Nutrientes
Biomasa
Región Patagónica
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Ecosystems are experiencing changing global patterns of mean annual precipitation (MAP) and enrichment with multiple nutrients that potentially colimit plant biomass production. In grasslands, mean aboveground plant biomass is closely related to MAP, but how this relationship changes after enrichment with multiple nutrients remains unclear. We hypothesized the global biomass–MAP relationship becomes steeper with an increasing number of added nutrients, with increases in steepness corresponding to the form of interaction among added nutrients and with increased mediation by changes in plant community diversity. We measured aboveground plant biomass production and species diversity in 71 grasslands on six continents representing the global span of grassland MAP, diversity, management, and soils. We fertilized all sites with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium with micronutrients in all combinations to identify which nutrients limited biomass at each site. As hypothesized, fertilizing with one, two, or three nutrients progressively steepened the global biomass–MAP relationship. The magnitude of the increase in steepness corresponded to whether sites were not limited by nitrogen or phosphorus, were limited by either one, or were colimited by both in additive, or synergistic forms. Unexpectedly, we found only weak evidence for mediation of biomass–MAP relationships by plant community diversity because relationships of species richness, evenness, and beta diversity to MAP and to biomass were weak or opposing. Site-level properties including baseline biomass production, soils, and management explained little variation in biomass–MAP relationships. These findings reveal multiple nutrient colimitation as a defining feature of the global grassland biomass–MAP relationship.
EEA Santa Cruz, INTA
Fil: Fay, Philip A. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grassland, Soil, and Water Lab. Temple; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Gherardi, Laureano A. University of California. Department of Environmental Sciences, Policy, and Management; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Yahdjian, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA); Argentina.
Fil: Yahdjian, Laura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA); Argentina.
Fil: Adler, Peter B. Utah State University. Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Bakker, Jonathan D. University of Washington. School of Environmental and Forest Sciences; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Bharath, Siddharth. University of Minnesota. Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Borer, Elizabeth T. University of Minnesota. Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Harpole, William Stanley. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Halle-Jena-Leipzig; Alemania
Fil: Harpole, William Stanley. Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research. Department of Physiological Diversity; Alemania
Fil: Harpole, William Stanley. Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Alemania
Fil: Hersch-Green, Erika I. Michigan Technological University. Dept. of Biological Sciences; Estados Unidos
Fil: Huxman, Travis E. University of California. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Estados Unidos.
Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina.
Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina.
Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.
Fil: Wheeler, George R. Michigan Technological University. Department of Biological Sciences; Estados Unidos.
Fil: Wheeler, George R. University of Nebraska-Lincoln. School of Biological Sciences, Estados Unidos.
description Ecosystems are experiencing changing global patterns of mean annual precipitation (MAP) and enrichment with multiple nutrients that potentially colimit plant biomass production. In grasslands, mean aboveground plant biomass is closely related to MAP, but how this relationship changes after enrichment with multiple nutrients remains unclear. We hypothesized the global biomass–MAP relationship becomes steeper with an increasing number of added nutrients, with increases in steepness corresponding to the form of interaction among added nutrients and with increased mediation by changes in plant community diversity. We measured aboveground plant biomass production and species diversity in 71 grasslands on six continents representing the global span of grassland MAP, diversity, management, and soils. We fertilized all sites with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium with micronutrients in all combinations to identify which nutrients limited biomass at each site. As hypothesized, fertilizing with one, two, or three nutrients progressively steepened the global biomass–MAP relationship. The magnitude of the increase in steepness corresponded to whether sites were not limited by nitrogen or phosphorus, were limited by either one, or were colimited by both in additive, or synergistic forms. Unexpectedly, we found only weak evidence for mediation of biomass–MAP relationships by plant community diversity because relationships of species richness, evenness, and beta diversity to MAP and to biomass were weak or opposing. Site-level properties including baseline biomass production, soils, and management explained little variation in biomass–MAP relationships. These findings reveal multiple nutrient colimitation as a defining feature of the global grassland biomass–MAP relationship.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025-05-15T10:21:34Z
2025-05-15T10:21:34Z
2025-04-11
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/22286
https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2410748122
Fay P.A.; Gherardi L.A.; Yahdjian L.; Adler P.B-; Bakker J.D.; Bharath S.; Borer E.T.; Stanley Harpole W.; (…); Peri P.L.; et al. (2025) Interactions among nutrients govern the global grassland biomass - precipitation relationship. PNAS 122(15): e2410748122. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2410748122
1091-6490
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2410748122
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/22286
https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2410748122
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2410748122
identifier_str_mv Fay P.A.; Gherardi L.A.; Yahdjian L.; Adler P.B-; Bakker J.D.; Bharath S.; Borer E.T.; Stanley Harpole W.; (…); Peri P.L.; et al. (2025) Interactions among nutrients govern the global grassland biomass - precipitation relationship. PNAS 122(15): e2410748122. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2410748122
1091-6490
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
eu_rights_str_mv restrictedAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv National Academy of Sciences
publisher.none.fl_str_mv National Academy of Sciences
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv PNAS 122 (15) : e2410748122. (April 2025)
reponame:INTA Digital (INTA)
instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
reponame_str INTA Digital (INTA)
collection INTA Digital (INTA)
instname_str Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
repository.name.fl_str_mv INTA Digital (INTA) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
repository.mail.fl_str_mv tripaldi.nicolas@inta.gob.ar
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score 13.011256

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