Episodic bamboo die-off, neighbourhood interactions, and tree seedling performance in a mixed Patagonian forest

• Autores: Caccia, Fernando Daniel; Kitzberger, Thomas; Chaneton, Enrique Jose
• Año de publicación: 2015
• Idioma: inglés
• Tipo de recurso: artículo
• Materia: Associational Effects; Disturbance; Herbivory; Recruitment
• Institución: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

1) Episodic mass flowering and subsequent die-off of bamboo understories may generate rare opportunities for tree regeneration by altering consumer–seedling interactions as much as by increasing light availability to seedlings. We hypothesized that bamboo dieback interacts with canopy neighbourhood composition in creating recruitment microsites for tree seedling species with varied shade tolerance and susceptibility to herbivory. 2) We conducted a 2-year experiment in a Patagonian mixed forest altered by extensive, but patchy dieback of the bamboo Chusquea culeou. Newly emerged seedlings of Nothofagus alpina (more shade-tolerant) and Nothofagus dombeyi (less shade-tolerant) were planted in conspecific and heterospecific canopy neighbourhoods, with either a flowered (dead) or non-flowered (live) bamboo understorey. Seedlings were placed inside and outside mesh cages to assess mortality from vertebrate or invertebrate consumers. 3) Vertebrate exclusion increased seedling survival regardless of bamboo condition. Seedling loss to invertebrates decreased with bamboo die-off, resulting in higher survival of N. alpina in dead than in live patches. In contrast, bamboo die-off increased N. dombeyi mortality by wilting, which counteracted the benefits of seedling release from consumers. Bamboo die-off increased light availability and enhanced seedling growth for both species. 4) Nothofagus alpina seedlings were less damaged or killed by invertebrates under heterospecific canopies than under conspecifics (associational resistance), whereas N. dombeyi performance was unaffected by neighbourhood composition. Bamboo die-off did not change seedling performance patterns observed across canopy neighbourhoods with live bamboo understories. 5) Synthesis. Gaps created by bamboo die-off can exert both positive and negative, species-specific effects on the likelihood of tree seedling establishment. We conclude that infrequent understorey disturbances coupled with canopy neighbourhood effects mediated by seedling herbivores may drive gap-phase succession within old-growth forests.
Fil: Caccia, Fernando Daniel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Producción Vegetal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Kitzberger, Thomas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Reg.universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche. Laboratorio de Ecotono; Argentina
Fil: Chaneton, Enrique Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura; Argentina