The East-West Method: An Exposure-independent Method to Search for Large-scale Anisotropies of Cosmic Rays

Autores
Bonino, R.; Alekseenko, V. V.; Deligny, O; Ghia, P. L.; Grigat, M.; Letessier Selvon, A.; Lyberis, H.; Mollerach, Maria Silvia; Over, S.; Roulet, Esteban
Año de publicación
2011
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
The measurement of large-scale anisotropies in cosmic ray arrival directions at energies above 1013 eV is performed through the detection of extensive air showers (EAS) produced by cosmic ray interactions in the atmosphere. The observed anisotropies are small, so accurate measurements require small statistical uncertainties, i.e., large data sets. These can be obtained by employing ground detector arrays with large extensions (from 104 to 109 m2) and long operation time (up to 20 years). The control of such arrays is challenging and spurious variations in the counting rate due to instrumental effects (e.g., data taking interruptions or changes in the acceptance) and atmospheric effects (e.g., air temperature and pressure effects on EAS development) are usually present. These modulations must be corrected very precisely before performing standard anisotropy analyses, i.e., harmonic analysis of the counting rate versus local sidereal time. In this paper we discuss an alternative method to measure large-scale anisotropies, the "East-West method." It was originally proposed in the 1940s to study asymmetries in the flux of solar cosmic rays and later applied by Nagashima et al. to EAS at higher energies. It is a differential method, as it is based on the analysis of the difference of the counting rates in the east and west directions. Besides explaining the principle, we present here its mathematical derivation, showing that the method is largely independent of experimental effects, that is, it does not require corrections for acceptance and/or for atmospheric effects. We explain the use of the method to derive the amplitude and phase of the anisotropy and demonstrate its power under different conditions of detector operation.
Fil: Bonino, R.. Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario; Italia. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Italia
Fil: Alekseenko, V. V.. Institute for Nuclear Research; Rusia
Fil: Deligny, O. Université Paris Sud; Francia
Fil: Ghia, P. L.. Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario; Italia. Universite de Paris VI; Francia
Fil: Grigat, M.. Aachen University; Alemania
Fil: Letessier Selvon, A.. Universite de Paris VI; Francia
Fil: Lyberis, H.. Université Paris Sud; Francia. Università di Torino; Italia. Universite de Paris VII; Francia
Fil: Mollerach, Maria Silvia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Bariloche; Argentina
Fil: Over, S.. Universitat Siegen; Alemania
Fil: Roulet, Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Bariloche; Argentina
Materia
Astroparticle physics
Methods: data analysis
East-west Method
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Institución
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
OAI Identificador
oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/278921
Acceder
id CONICETDig_f97db8ac422ec3b0fed9ebb18b89be90
oai_identifier_str oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/278921
network_acronym_str CONICETDig
repository_id_str 3498
network_name_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
spelling The East-West Method: An Exposure-independent Method to Search for Large-scale Anisotropies of Cosmic RaysBonino, R.Alekseenko, V. V.Deligny, OGhia, P. L.Grigat, M.Letessier Selvon, A.Lyberis, H.Mollerach, Maria SilviaOver, S.Roulet, EstebanAstroparticle physicsMethods: data analysisEast-west Methodhttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1The measurement of large-scale anisotropies in cosmic ray arrival directions at energies above 1013 eV is performed through the detection of extensive air showers (EAS) produced by cosmic ray interactions in the atmosphere. The observed anisotropies are small, so accurate measurements require small statistical uncertainties, i.e., large data sets. These can be obtained by employing ground detector arrays with large extensions (from 104 to 109 m2) and long operation time (up to 20 years). The control of such arrays is challenging and spurious variations in the counting rate due to instrumental effects (e.g., data taking interruptions or changes in the acceptance) and atmospheric effects (e.g., air temperature and pressure effects on EAS development) are usually present. These modulations must be corrected very precisely before performing standard anisotropy analyses, i.e., harmonic analysis of the counting rate versus local sidereal time. In this paper we discuss an alternative method to measure large-scale anisotropies, the "East-West method." It was originally proposed in the 1940s to study asymmetries in the flux of solar cosmic rays and later applied by Nagashima et al. to EAS at higher energies. It is a differential method, as it is based on the analysis of the difference of the counting rates in the east and west directions. Besides explaining the principle, we present here its mathematical derivation, showing that the method is largely independent of experimental effects, that is, it does not require corrections for acceptance and/or for atmospheric effects. We explain the use of the method to derive the amplitude and phase of the anisotropy and demonstrate its power under different conditions of detector operation.Fil: Bonino, R.. Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario; Italia. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; ItaliaFil: Alekseenko, V. V.. Institute for Nuclear Research; RusiaFil: Deligny, O. Université Paris Sud; FranciaFil: Ghia, P. L.. Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario; Italia. Universite de Paris VI; FranciaFil: Grigat, M.. Aachen University; AlemaniaFil: Letessier Selvon, A.. Universite de Paris VI; FranciaFil: Lyberis, H.. Université Paris Sud; Francia. Università di Torino; Italia. Universite de Paris VII; FranciaFil: Mollerach, Maria Silvia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Over, S.. Universitat Siegen; AlemaniaFil: Roulet, Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Bariloche; ArgentinaIOP Publishing2011-09info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/278921Bonino, R.; Alekseenko, V. V.; Deligny, O; Ghia, P. L.; Grigat, M.; et al.; The East-West Method: An Exposure-independent Method to Search for Large-scale Anisotropies of Cosmic Rays; IOP Publishing; Astrophysical Journal; 738; 1; 9-2011; 1-90004-637XCONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/738/1/67info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1088/0004-637X/738/1/67info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2026-02-06T12:02:27Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/278921instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982026-02-06 12:02:27.346CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv The East-West Method: An Exposure-independent Method to Search for Large-scale Anisotropies of Cosmic Rays
title The East-West Method: An Exposure-independent Method to Search for Large-scale Anisotropies of Cosmic Rays
spellingShingle The East-West Method: An Exposure-independent Method to Search for Large-scale Anisotropies of Cosmic Rays
Bonino, R.
Astroparticle physics
Methods: data analysis
East-west Method
title_short The East-West Method: An Exposure-independent Method to Search for Large-scale Anisotropies of Cosmic Rays
title_full The East-West Method: An Exposure-independent Method to Search for Large-scale Anisotropies of Cosmic Rays
title_fullStr The East-West Method: An Exposure-independent Method to Search for Large-scale Anisotropies of Cosmic Rays
title_full_unstemmed The East-West Method: An Exposure-independent Method to Search for Large-scale Anisotropies of Cosmic Rays
title_sort The East-West Method: An Exposure-independent Method to Search for Large-scale Anisotropies of Cosmic Rays
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Bonino, R.
Alekseenko, V. V.
Deligny, O
Ghia, P. L.
Grigat, M.
Letessier Selvon, A.
Lyberis, H.
Mollerach, Maria Silvia
Over, S.
Roulet, Esteban
author Bonino, R.
author_facet Bonino, R.
Alekseenko, V. V.
Deligny, O
Ghia, P. L.
Grigat, M.
Letessier Selvon, A.
Lyberis, H.
Mollerach, Maria Silvia
Over, S.
Roulet, Esteban
author_role author
author2 Alekseenko, V. V.
Deligny, O
Ghia, P. L.
Grigat, M.
Letessier Selvon, A.
Lyberis, H.
Mollerach, Maria Silvia
Over, S.
Roulet, Esteban
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Astroparticle physics
Methods: data analysis
East-west Method
topic Astroparticle physics
Methods: data analysis
East-west Method
purl_subject.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv The measurement of large-scale anisotropies in cosmic ray arrival directions at energies above 1013 eV is performed through the detection of extensive air showers (EAS) produced by cosmic ray interactions in the atmosphere. The observed anisotropies are small, so accurate measurements require small statistical uncertainties, i.e., large data sets. These can be obtained by employing ground detector arrays with large extensions (from 104 to 109 m2) and long operation time (up to 20 years). The control of such arrays is challenging and spurious variations in the counting rate due to instrumental effects (e.g., data taking interruptions or changes in the acceptance) and atmospheric effects (e.g., air temperature and pressure effects on EAS development) are usually present. These modulations must be corrected very precisely before performing standard anisotropy analyses, i.e., harmonic analysis of the counting rate versus local sidereal time. In this paper we discuss an alternative method to measure large-scale anisotropies, the "East-West method." It was originally proposed in the 1940s to study asymmetries in the flux of solar cosmic rays and later applied by Nagashima et al. to EAS at higher energies. It is a differential method, as it is based on the analysis of the difference of the counting rates in the east and west directions. Besides explaining the principle, we present here its mathematical derivation, showing that the method is largely independent of experimental effects, that is, it does not require corrections for acceptance and/or for atmospheric effects. We explain the use of the method to derive the amplitude and phase of the anisotropy and demonstrate its power under different conditions of detector operation.
Fil: Bonino, R.. Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario; Italia. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Italia
Fil: Alekseenko, V. V.. Institute for Nuclear Research; Rusia
Fil: Deligny, O. Université Paris Sud; Francia
Fil: Ghia, P. L.. Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario; Italia. Universite de Paris VI; Francia
Fil: Grigat, M.. Aachen University; Alemania
Fil: Letessier Selvon, A.. Universite de Paris VI; Francia
Fil: Lyberis, H.. Université Paris Sud; Francia. Università di Torino; Italia. Universite de Paris VII; Francia
Fil: Mollerach, Maria Silvia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Bariloche; Argentina
Fil: Over, S.. Universitat Siegen; Alemania
Fil: Roulet, Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Bariloche; Argentina
description The measurement of large-scale anisotropies in cosmic ray arrival directions at energies above 1013 eV is performed through the detection of extensive air showers (EAS) produced by cosmic ray interactions in the atmosphere. The observed anisotropies are small, so accurate measurements require small statistical uncertainties, i.e., large data sets. These can be obtained by employing ground detector arrays with large extensions (from 104 to 109 m2) and long operation time (up to 20 years). The control of such arrays is challenging and spurious variations in the counting rate due to instrumental effects (e.g., data taking interruptions or changes in the acceptance) and atmospheric effects (e.g., air temperature and pressure effects on EAS development) are usually present. These modulations must be corrected very precisely before performing standard anisotropy analyses, i.e., harmonic analysis of the counting rate versus local sidereal time. In this paper we discuss an alternative method to measure large-scale anisotropies, the "East-West method." It was originally proposed in the 1940s to study asymmetries in the flux of solar cosmic rays and later applied by Nagashima et al. to EAS at higher energies. It is a differential method, as it is based on the analysis of the difference of the counting rates in the east and west directions. Besides explaining the principle, we present here its mathematical derivation, showing that the method is largely independent of experimental effects, that is, it does not require corrections for acceptance and/or for atmospheric effects. We explain the use of the method to derive the amplitude and phase of the anisotropy and demonstrate its power under different conditions of detector operation.
publishDate 2011
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2011-09
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11336/278921
Bonino, R.; Alekseenko, V. V.; Deligny, O; Ghia, P. L.; Grigat, M.; et al.; The East-West Method: An Exposure-independent Method to Search for Large-scale Anisotropies of Cosmic Rays; IOP Publishing; Astrophysical Journal; 738; 1; 9-2011; 1-9
0004-637X
CONICET Digital
CONICET
url http://hdl.handle.net/11336/278921
identifier_str_mv Bonino, R.; Alekseenko, V. V.; Deligny, O; Ghia, P. L.; Grigat, M.; et al.; The East-West Method: An Exposure-independent Method to Search for Large-scale Anisotropies of Cosmic Rays; IOP Publishing; Astrophysical Journal; 738; 1; 9-2011; 1-9
0004-637X
CONICET Digital
CONICET
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/738/1/67
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1088/0004-637X/738/1/67
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv IOP Publishing
publisher.none.fl_str_mv IOP Publishing
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
reponame_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
collection CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname_str Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.name.fl_str_mv CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.mail.fl_str_mv dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar
_version_ 1856402729222537216
score 13.106097

Publicaciones similares