Revisiting "success" and "failure" of marine protected areas: A conservation scientist perspective

• Autores: Giakoumi, Sylvaine; McGowan, Jennifer; Mills, Morena; Beger, Maria; Bustamante, Rodrigo H.; Charles, Anthony; Christie, Patrick; Fox, Matthew; Garcia Borboroglu, Jorge Pablo; Gelcich, Stefan; Guidetti, Paolo; Mackelworth, Peter; Maina, Joseph M.; McCook, Laurence; Micheli, Fiorenza; Morgan, Lance E.; Mumby, Peter J.; Reyes, Laura M.; White, Alan; Grorud Colvert, Kirsten; Possingham, Hugh P.
• Año de publicación: 2018
• Idioma: inglés
• Tipo de recurso: artículo
• Materia: CONSERVATION SCIENTISTS; EFFECTIVENESS ASSESSMENT; FAILURE; MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT; SUCCESS
• Institución: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

Marine protected areas (MPAs) form the cornerstone of marine conservation. Identifying which factors contribute to their success or failure is crucial considering the international conservation targets for 2020 and the limited funds generally available for marine conservation. We identified common factors of success and/or failure of MPA effectiveness using peer-reviewed publications and first-hand expert knowledge for 27 case studies around the world. We found that stakeholder engagement was considered to be the most important factor affecting MPA success, and equally, its absence, was the most important factor influencing failure. Conversely, while some factors were identified as critical for success, their absence was not considered a driver of failure, and vice versa. This mismatch provided the impetus for considering these factors more critically. Bearing in mind that most MPAs have multiple objectives, including non-biological, this highlights the need for the development and adoption of standardized effectiveness metrics, besides biological considerations, to measure factors contributing to the success or failure of MPAs to reach their objectives. Considering our conclusions, we suggest the development of specific protocols for the assessment of stakeholder engagement, the role of leadership, the capacity of enforcement and compliance with MPAs objectives. Moreover, factors defining the success and failure of MPAs should be assessed not only by technical experts and the relevant authorities, but also by other stakeholder groups whose compliance is critical for the successful functioning of an MPA. These factors should be considered along with appropriate ecological, social, and economic data and then incorporated into adaptive management to improve MPA effectiveness.
Fil: Giakoumi, Sylvaine. The University Of Queensland; Australia. University of Queensland; Australia. Université Côte D'azur;
Fil: McGowan, Jennifer. University of Queensland; Australia. The University Of Queensland; Australia
Fil: Mills, Morena. Imperial College London; Reino Unido. The University Of Queensland; Australia. University of Queensland; Australia
Fil: Beger, Maria. University of Queensland; Australia. The University Of Queensland; Australia. University Of Leeds;
Fil: Bustamante, Rodrigo H.. Csiro Oceans And Atmosphere; Australia
Fil: Charles, Anthony. Saint Mary's University; Canadá
Fil: Christie, Patrick. University Of Washington, Seattle;
Fil: Fox, Matthew. Conservation International; Indonesia
Fil: Garcia Borboroglu, Jorge Pablo. Global Penguin Society; Argentina. University Of Washington, Seattle; . Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Gelcich, Stefan. Universidad Católica de Chile; Chile. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Chile
Fil: Guidetti, Paolo. Inter-university National Consortium For Marine Sciences (conisma); . Université Côte D'azur;
Fil: Mackelworth, Peter. Blue World Institute Of Marine Research And Conservation; . University Of Primorska;
Fil: Maina, Joseph M.. University of Queensland; Australia. The University Of Queensland; Australia
Fil: McCook, Laurence. Conservation International; Indonesia. South China Seas Institute Of Oceanography Chinese Academy Of Sciences; China. James Cook University; Australia
Fil: Micheli, Fiorenza. University of Stanford; Estados Unidos
Fil: Morgan, Lance E.. Marine Conservation Institute;
Fil: Mumby, Peter J.. University of Queensland; Australia. The University Of Queensland; Australia
Fil: Reyes, Laura M.. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco"; Argentina. Global Penguin Society; Argentina
Fil: White, Alan. Usaid, Indonesia; Indonesia. Nature Conservancy;
Fil: Grorud-Colvert, Kirsten. State University of Oregon; Estados Unidos
Fil: Possingham, Hugh P.. Nature Conservancy; . University of Queensland; Australia. The University Of Queensland; Australia