The C9orf72 repeat expansion itself is methylated in ALS and FTLD patients.
- Autores
- Xi, Zhengrui; Zhang, Ming; Bruni, Amalia C.; Maletta, Raffaele G.; Colao, Rosanna; Fratta, Pietro; Polke, James M.; Sweeny, Mary G.; Mudanohwo, Ese; Nacmias, Benedetta; Sorbi, Sandro; Tartaglia, Maria Carmela; Rainero, Innocenzo; Rubino, Elisa; Pinessi, Lorenzo; Galimberti, Daniela; Surace, Ezequiel Ignacio; McGoldrick, Philip; McKeever, Paul; Moreno, Danielle; Sato, Christine; Liang, Yan; Keith, Julia; Zinman, Lorne; Robertson, Janice; Rogaeva, Ekaterina
- Año de publicación
- 2015
- Idioma
- inglés
- Tipo de recurso
- artículo
- Estado
- versión publicada
- Descripción
- The most common cause of both amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a G4C2-repeat expansion in C9orf72. However, the lower limit for pathological repeats has not been established and expansions with different sizes could have different pathological consequences. One of the implicated disease mechanisms is haploinsufficiency. Previously, we identified expansion-specific hypermethylation at the 5´ CpG-island near the G4C2-repeat, but only in a fraction of carriers (up to 36 %). Here, we tested the hypothesis that the G4C2-repeat itself could be the main site of methylation. To evaluate (G4C2) n -methylation, we developed a novel assay, which was validated by an independent methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme assay. Notably, both assays are qualitative but not quantitative. Blood DNA was available for 270 unrelated individuals, including 71 expansion carriers. In addition, we investigated blood DNA from family members of 16 probands, and 38 DNA samples from multiple tissues of 10 expansion carriers. Finally, we tested DNA from different tissues of an ALS patient carrying a somatically unstable 90-repeat. We demonstrated that the G4C2-expansion is generally methylated in unrelated carriers of alleles >50 repeats (97 %), while small (<22 repeats) or intermediate (22-90 repeats) alleles were completely unmethylated. The presence of (G4C2) n -methylation does not separate the C9orf72-phenotypes (ALS vs. ALS/FTLD vs. FTLD), but has the potential to predict large vs. intermediate repeat length. Our results suggest that (G4C2) n -methylation might sometimes spread to the 5´-upstream region, but not vice versa. It is stable over time, since (G4C2) n -methylation was detected in carriers with a wide range of ages (24-74 years). It was identified in both blood and brain tissues for the same individual, implying its potential use as a biomarker. Furthermore, our findings may open up new perspectives for studying disease mechanisms, such as determining whether methylated and unmethylated repeats have the same ability to form a G-quadruplex configuration.
Fil: Xi, Zhengrui. University of Toronto; Canadá
Fil: Zhang, Ming. University of Toronto; Canadá
Fil: Bruni, Amalia C.. No especifíca;
Fil: Maletta, Raffaele G.. No especifíca;
Fil: Colao, Rosanna. No especifíca;
Fil: Fratta, Pietro. UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Reino Unido
Fil: Polke, James M.. National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Reino Unido
Fil: Sweeny, Mary G.. National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Reino Unido
Fil: Mudanohwo, Ese. National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Reino Unido
Fil: Nacmias, Benedetta. Universidad de Florencia ; Italia
Fil: Sorbi, Sandro. Universidad de Florencia; Italia
Fil: Tartaglia, Maria Carmela. University of Toronto; Canadá
Fil: Rainero, Innocenzo. Università di Torino; Italia
Fil: Rubino, Elisa. Università di Torino; Italia
Fil: Pinessi, Lorenzo. Università di Torino; Italia
Fil: Galimberti, Daniela. University of Milan; Italia
Fil: Surace, Ezequiel Ignacio. Fundación para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia. Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas "Raúl Carrea"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: McGoldrick, Philip. University of Toronto; Canadá
Fil: McKeever, Paul. University of Toronto; Canadá
Fil: Moreno, Danielle. University of Toronto; Canadá
Fil: Sato, Christine. University of Toronto; Canadá
Fil: Liang, Yan. University of Toronto; Canadá
Fil: Keith, Julia. No especifíca;
Fil: Zinman, Lorne. No especifíca;
Fil: Robertson, Janice. University of Toronto; Canadá
Fil: Rogaeva, Ekaterina. University of Toronto; Canadá - Materia
-
ALS
FTD
C9ORF72
METHYLATION - Nivel de accesibilidad
- acceso abierto
- Condiciones de uso
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
- Repositorio
- Institución
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
- OAI Identificador
- oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/112126
Ver los metadatos del registro completo
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oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/112126 |
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CONICET Digital (CONICET) |
spelling |
The C9orf72 repeat expansion itself is methylated in ALS and FTLD patients.Xi, ZhengruiZhang, MingBruni, Amalia C.Maletta, Raffaele G.Colao, RosannaFratta, PietroPolke, James M.Sweeny, Mary G.Mudanohwo, EseNacmias, BenedettaSorbi, SandroTartaglia, Maria CarmelaRainero, InnocenzoRubino, ElisaPinessi, LorenzoGalimberti, DanielaSurace, Ezequiel IgnacioMcGoldrick, PhilipMcKeever, PaulMoreno, DanielleSato, ChristineLiang, YanKeith, JuliaZinman, LorneRobertson, JaniceRogaeva, EkaterinaALSFTDC9ORF72METHYLATIONhttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/3.1https://purl.org/becyt/ford/3The most common cause of both amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a G4C2-repeat expansion in C9orf72. However, the lower limit for pathological repeats has not been established and expansions with different sizes could have different pathological consequences. One of the implicated disease mechanisms is haploinsufficiency. Previously, we identified expansion-specific hypermethylation at the 5´ CpG-island near the G4C2-repeat, but only in a fraction of carriers (up to 36 %). Here, we tested the hypothesis that the G4C2-repeat itself could be the main site of methylation. To evaluate (G4C2) n -methylation, we developed a novel assay, which was validated by an independent methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme assay. Notably, both assays are qualitative but not quantitative. Blood DNA was available for 270 unrelated individuals, including 71 expansion carriers. In addition, we investigated blood DNA from family members of 16 probands, and 38 DNA samples from multiple tissues of 10 expansion carriers. Finally, we tested DNA from different tissues of an ALS patient carrying a somatically unstable 90-repeat. We demonstrated that the G4C2-expansion is generally methylated in unrelated carriers of alleles >50 repeats (97 %), while small (<22 repeats) or intermediate (22-90 repeats) alleles were completely unmethylated. The presence of (G4C2) n -methylation does not separate the C9orf72-phenotypes (ALS vs. ALS/FTLD vs. FTLD), but has the potential to predict large vs. intermediate repeat length. Our results suggest that (G4C2) n -methylation might sometimes spread to the 5´-upstream region, but not vice versa. It is stable over time, since (G4C2) n -methylation was detected in carriers with a wide range of ages (24-74 years). It was identified in both blood and brain tissues for the same individual, implying its potential use as a biomarker. Furthermore, our findings may open up new perspectives for studying disease mechanisms, such as determining whether methylated and unmethylated repeats have the same ability to form a G-quadruplex configuration.Fil: Xi, Zhengrui. University of Toronto; CanadáFil: Zhang, Ming. University of Toronto; CanadáFil: Bruni, Amalia C.. No especifíca;Fil: Maletta, Raffaele G.. No especifíca;Fil: Colao, Rosanna. No especifíca;Fil: Fratta, Pietro. UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Reino UnidoFil: Polke, James M.. National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Reino UnidoFil: Sweeny, Mary G.. National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Reino UnidoFil: Mudanohwo, Ese. National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Reino UnidoFil: Nacmias, Benedetta. Universidad de Florencia ; ItaliaFil: Sorbi, Sandro. Universidad de Florencia; ItaliaFil: Tartaglia, Maria Carmela. University of Toronto; CanadáFil: Rainero, Innocenzo. Università di Torino; ItaliaFil: Rubino, Elisa. Università di Torino; ItaliaFil: Pinessi, Lorenzo. Università di Torino; ItaliaFil: Galimberti, Daniela. University of Milan; ItaliaFil: Surace, Ezequiel Ignacio. Fundación para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia. Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas "Raúl Carrea"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: McGoldrick, Philip. University of Toronto; CanadáFil: McKeever, Paul. University of Toronto; CanadáFil: Moreno, Danielle. University of Toronto; CanadáFil: Sato, Christine. University of Toronto; CanadáFil: Liang, Yan. University of Toronto; CanadáFil: Keith, Julia. No especifíca;Fil: Zinman, Lorne. No especifíca;Fil: Robertson, Janice. University of Toronto; CanadáFil: Rogaeva, Ekaterina. University of Toronto; CanadáSpringer2015-05info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/112126Xi, Zhengrui; Zhang, Ming; Bruni, Amalia C.; Maletta, Raffaele G.; Colao, Rosanna; et al.; The C9orf72 repeat expansion itself is methylated in ALS and FTLD patients.; Springer; Acta Neuropathologica; 5-2015; 1-130001-6322CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1007/s00401-015-1401-8info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00401-015-1401-8?shared-article-rendererinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-09-29T10:35:43Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/112126instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-09-29 10:35:43.727CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
The C9orf72 repeat expansion itself is methylated in ALS and FTLD patients. |
title |
The C9orf72 repeat expansion itself is methylated in ALS and FTLD patients. |
spellingShingle |
The C9orf72 repeat expansion itself is methylated in ALS and FTLD patients. Xi, Zhengrui ALS FTD C9ORF72 METHYLATION |
title_short |
The C9orf72 repeat expansion itself is methylated in ALS and FTLD patients. |
title_full |
The C9orf72 repeat expansion itself is methylated in ALS and FTLD patients. |
title_fullStr |
The C9orf72 repeat expansion itself is methylated in ALS and FTLD patients. |
title_full_unstemmed |
The C9orf72 repeat expansion itself is methylated in ALS and FTLD patients. |
title_sort |
The C9orf72 repeat expansion itself is methylated in ALS and FTLD patients. |
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
Xi, Zhengrui Zhang, Ming Bruni, Amalia C. Maletta, Raffaele G. Colao, Rosanna Fratta, Pietro Polke, James M. Sweeny, Mary G. Mudanohwo, Ese Nacmias, Benedetta Sorbi, Sandro Tartaglia, Maria Carmela Rainero, Innocenzo Rubino, Elisa Pinessi, Lorenzo Galimberti, Daniela Surace, Ezequiel Ignacio McGoldrick, Philip McKeever, Paul Moreno, Danielle Sato, Christine Liang, Yan Keith, Julia Zinman, Lorne Robertson, Janice Rogaeva, Ekaterina |
author |
Xi, Zhengrui |
author_facet |
Xi, Zhengrui Zhang, Ming Bruni, Amalia C. Maletta, Raffaele G. Colao, Rosanna Fratta, Pietro Polke, James M. Sweeny, Mary G. Mudanohwo, Ese Nacmias, Benedetta Sorbi, Sandro Tartaglia, Maria Carmela Rainero, Innocenzo Rubino, Elisa Pinessi, Lorenzo Galimberti, Daniela Surace, Ezequiel Ignacio McGoldrick, Philip McKeever, Paul Moreno, Danielle Sato, Christine Liang, Yan Keith, Julia Zinman, Lorne Robertson, Janice Rogaeva, Ekaterina |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Zhang, Ming Bruni, Amalia C. Maletta, Raffaele G. Colao, Rosanna Fratta, Pietro Polke, James M. Sweeny, Mary G. Mudanohwo, Ese Nacmias, Benedetta Sorbi, Sandro Tartaglia, Maria Carmela Rainero, Innocenzo Rubino, Elisa Pinessi, Lorenzo Galimberti, Daniela Surace, Ezequiel Ignacio McGoldrick, Philip McKeever, Paul Moreno, Danielle Sato, Christine Liang, Yan Keith, Julia Zinman, Lorne Robertson, Janice Rogaeva, Ekaterina |
author2_role |
author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author |
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
ALS FTD C9ORF72 METHYLATION |
topic |
ALS FTD C9ORF72 METHYLATION |
purl_subject.fl_str_mv |
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/3.1 https://purl.org/becyt/ford/3 |
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv |
The most common cause of both amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a G4C2-repeat expansion in C9orf72. However, the lower limit for pathological repeats has not been established and expansions with different sizes could have different pathological consequences. One of the implicated disease mechanisms is haploinsufficiency. Previously, we identified expansion-specific hypermethylation at the 5´ CpG-island near the G4C2-repeat, but only in a fraction of carriers (up to 36 %). Here, we tested the hypothesis that the G4C2-repeat itself could be the main site of methylation. To evaluate (G4C2) n -methylation, we developed a novel assay, which was validated by an independent methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme assay. Notably, both assays are qualitative but not quantitative. Blood DNA was available for 270 unrelated individuals, including 71 expansion carriers. In addition, we investigated blood DNA from family members of 16 probands, and 38 DNA samples from multiple tissues of 10 expansion carriers. Finally, we tested DNA from different tissues of an ALS patient carrying a somatically unstable 90-repeat. We demonstrated that the G4C2-expansion is generally methylated in unrelated carriers of alleles >50 repeats (97 %), while small (<22 repeats) or intermediate (22-90 repeats) alleles were completely unmethylated. The presence of (G4C2) n -methylation does not separate the C9orf72-phenotypes (ALS vs. ALS/FTLD vs. FTLD), but has the potential to predict large vs. intermediate repeat length. Our results suggest that (G4C2) n -methylation might sometimes spread to the 5´-upstream region, but not vice versa. It is stable over time, since (G4C2) n -methylation was detected in carriers with a wide range of ages (24-74 years). It was identified in both blood and brain tissues for the same individual, implying its potential use as a biomarker. Furthermore, our findings may open up new perspectives for studying disease mechanisms, such as determining whether methylated and unmethylated repeats have the same ability to form a G-quadruplex configuration. Fil: Xi, Zhengrui. University of Toronto; Canadá Fil: Zhang, Ming. University of Toronto; Canadá Fil: Bruni, Amalia C.. No especifíca; Fil: Maletta, Raffaele G.. No especifíca; Fil: Colao, Rosanna. No especifíca; Fil: Fratta, Pietro. UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Reino Unido Fil: Polke, James M.. National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Reino Unido Fil: Sweeny, Mary G.. National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Reino Unido Fil: Mudanohwo, Ese. National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Reino Unido Fil: Nacmias, Benedetta. Universidad de Florencia ; Italia Fil: Sorbi, Sandro. Universidad de Florencia; Italia Fil: Tartaglia, Maria Carmela. University of Toronto; Canadá Fil: Rainero, Innocenzo. Università di Torino; Italia Fil: Rubino, Elisa. Università di Torino; Italia Fil: Pinessi, Lorenzo. Università di Torino; Italia Fil: Galimberti, Daniela. University of Milan; Italia Fil: Surace, Ezequiel Ignacio. Fundación para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia. Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas "Raúl Carrea"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: McGoldrick, Philip. University of Toronto; Canadá Fil: McKeever, Paul. University of Toronto; Canadá Fil: Moreno, Danielle. University of Toronto; Canadá Fil: Sato, Christine. University of Toronto; Canadá Fil: Liang, Yan. University of Toronto; Canadá Fil: Keith, Julia. No especifíca; Fil: Zinman, Lorne. No especifíca; Fil: Robertson, Janice. University of Toronto; Canadá Fil: Rogaeva, Ekaterina. University of Toronto; Canadá |
description |
The most common cause of both amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a G4C2-repeat expansion in C9orf72. However, the lower limit for pathological repeats has not been established and expansions with different sizes could have different pathological consequences. One of the implicated disease mechanisms is haploinsufficiency. Previously, we identified expansion-specific hypermethylation at the 5´ CpG-island near the G4C2-repeat, but only in a fraction of carriers (up to 36 %). Here, we tested the hypothesis that the G4C2-repeat itself could be the main site of methylation. To evaluate (G4C2) n -methylation, we developed a novel assay, which was validated by an independent methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme assay. Notably, both assays are qualitative but not quantitative. Blood DNA was available for 270 unrelated individuals, including 71 expansion carriers. In addition, we investigated blood DNA from family members of 16 probands, and 38 DNA samples from multiple tissues of 10 expansion carriers. Finally, we tested DNA from different tissues of an ALS patient carrying a somatically unstable 90-repeat. We demonstrated that the G4C2-expansion is generally methylated in unrelated carriers of alleles >50 repeats (97 %), while small (<22 repeats) or intermediate (22-90 repeats) alleles were completely unmethylated. The presence of (G4C2) n -methylation does not separate the C9orf72-phenotypes (ALS vs. ALS/FTLD vs. FTLD), but has the potential to predict large vs. intermediate repeat length. Our results suggest that (G4C2) n -methylation might sometimes spread to the 5´-upstream region, but not vice versa. It is stable over time, since (G4C2) n -methylation was detected in carriers with a wide range of ages (24-74 years). It was identified in both blood and brain tissues for the same individual, implying its potential use as a biomarker. Furthermore, our findings may open up new perspectives for studying disease mechanisms, such as determining whether methylated and unmethylated repeats have the same ability to form a G-quadruplex configuration. |
publishDate |
2015 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2015-05 |
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/11336/112126 Xi, Zhengrui; Zhang, Ming; Bruni, Amalia C.; Maletta, Raffaele G.; Colao, Rosanna; et al.; The C9orf72 repeat expansion itself is methylated in ALS and FTLD patients.; Springer; Acta Neuropathologica; 5-2015; 1-13 0001-6322 CONICET Digital CONICET |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11336/112126 |
identifier_str_mv |
Xi, Zhengrui; Zhang, Ming; Bruni, Amalia C.; Maletta, Raffaele G.; Colao, Rosanna; et al.; The C9orf72 repeat expansion itself is methylated in ALS and FTLD patients.; Springer; Acta Neuropathologica; 5-2015; 1-13 0001-6322 CONICET Digital CONICET |
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1007/s00401-015-1401-8 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00401-015-1401-8?shared-article-renderer |
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/ |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Springer |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Springer |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET) instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas |
reponame_str |
CONICET Digital (CONICET) |
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CONICET Digital (CONICET) |
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Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas |
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CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar |
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1844614376406908928 |
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13.070432 |