The C9orf72 repeat expansion itself is methylated in ALS and FTLD patients.

Autores
Xi, Zhengrui; Zhang, Ming; Bruni, Amalia C.; Maletta, Raffaele G.; Colao, Rosanna; Fratta, Pietro; Polke, James M.; Sweeny, Mary G.; Mudanohwo, Ese; Nacmias, Benedetta; Sorbi, Sandro; Tartaglia, Maria Carmela; Rainero, Innocenzo; Rubino, Elisa; Pinessi, Lorenzo; Galimberti, Daniela; Surace, Ezequiel Ignacio; McGoldrick, Philip; McKeever, Paul; Moreno, Danielle; Sato, Christine; Liang, Yan; Keith, Julia; Zinman, Lorne; Robertson, Janice; Rogaeva, Ekaterina
Año de publicación
2015
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
The most common cause of both amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a G4C2-repeat expansion in C9orf72. However, the lower limit for pathological repeats has not been established and expansions with different sizes could have different pathological consequences. One of the implicated disease mechanisms is haploinsufficiency. Previously, we identified expansion-specific hypermethylation at the 5´ CpG-island near the G4C2-repeat, but only in a fraction of carriers (up to 36 %). Here, we tested the hypothesis that the G4C2-repeat itself could be the main site of methylation. To evaluate (G4C2) n -methylation, we developed a novel assay, which was validated by an independent methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme assay. Notably, both assays are qualitative but not quantitative. Blood DNA was available for 270 unrelated individuals, including 71 expansion carriers. In addition, we investigated blood DNA from family members of 16 probands, and 38 DNA samples from multiple tissues of 10 expansion carriers. Finally, we tested DNA from different tissues of an ALS patient carrying a somatically unstable 90-repeat. We demonstrated that the G4C2-expansion is generally methylated in unrelated carriers of alleles >50 repeats (97 %), while small (<22 repeats) or intermediate (22-90 repeats) alleles were completely unmethylated. The presence of (G4C2) n -methylation does not separate the C9orf72-phenotypes (ALS vs. ALS/FTLD vs. FTLD), but has the potential to predict large vs. intermediate repeat length. Our results suggest that (G4C2) n -methylation might sometimes spread to the 5´-upstream region, but not vice versa. It is stable over time, since (G4C2) n -methylation was detected in carriers with a wide range of ages (24-74 years). It was identified in both blood and brain tissues for the same individual, implying its potential use as a biomarker. Furthermore, our findings may open up new perspectives for studying disease mechanisms, such as determining whether methylated and unmethylated repeats have the same ability to form a G-quadruplex configuration.
Fil: Xi, Zhengrui. University of Toronto; Canadá
Fil: Zhang, Ming. University of Toronto; Canadá
Fil: Bruni, Amalia C.. No especifíca;
Fil: Maletta, Raffaele G.. No especifíca;
Fil: Colao, Rosanna. No especifíca;
Fil: Fratta, Pietro. UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Reino Unido
Fil: Polke, James M.. National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Reino Unido
Fil: Sweeny, Mary G.. National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Reino Unido
Fil: Mudanohwo, Ese. National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Reino Unido
Fil: Nacmias, Benedetta. Universidad de Florencia ; Italia
Fil: Sorbi, Sandro. Universidad de Florencia; Italia
Fil: Tartaglia, Maria Carmela. University of Toronto; Canadá
Fil: Rainero, Innocenzo. Università di Torino; Italia
Fil: Rubino, Elisa. Università di Torino; Italia
Fil: Pinessi, Lorenzo. Università di Torino; Italia
Fil: Galimberti, Daniela. University of Milan; Italia
Fil: Surace, Ezequiel Ignacio. Fundación para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia. Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas "Raúl Carrea"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: McGoldrick, Philip. University of Toronto; Canadá
Fil: McKeever, Paul. University of Toronto; Canadá
Fil: Moreno, Danielle. University of Toronto; Canadá
Fil: Sato, Christine. University of Toronto; Canadá
Fil: Liang, Yan. University of Toronto; Canadá
Fil: Keith, Julia. No especifíca;
Fil: Zinman, Lorne. No especifíca;
Fil: Robertson, Janice. University of Toronto; Canadá
Fil: Rogaeva, Ekaterina. University of Toronto; Canadá
Materia
ALS
FTD
C9ORF72
METHYLATION
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Institución
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
OAI Identificador
oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/112126

id CONICETDig_e8a4c1d62ba5055698ca989111ba7771
oai_identifier_str oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/112126
network_acronym_str CONICETDig
repository_id_str 3498
network_name_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
spelling The C9orf72 repeat expansion itself is methylated in ALS and FTLD patients.Xi, ZhengruiZhang, MingBruni, Amalia C.Maletta, Raffaele G.Colao, RosannaFratta, PietroPolke, James M.Sweeny, Mary G.Mudanohwo, EseNacmias, BenedettaSorbi, SandroTartaglia, Maria CarmelaRainero, InnocenzoRubino, ElisaPinessi, LorenzoGalimberti, DanielaSurace, Ezequiel IgnacioMcGoldrick, PhilipMcKeever, PaulMoreno, DanielleSato, ChristineLiang, YanKeith, JuliaZinman, LorneRobertson, JaniceRogaeva, EkaterinaALSFTDC9ORF72METHYLATIONhttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/3.1https://purl.org/becyt/ford/3The most common cause of both amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a G4C2-repeat expansion in C9orf72. However, the lower limit for pathological repeats has not been established and expansions with different sizes could have different pathological consequences. One of the implicated disease mechanisms is haploinsufficiency. Previously, we identified expansion-specific hypermethylation at the 5´ CpG-island near the G4C2-repeat, but only in a fraction of carriers (up to 36 %). Here, we tested the hypothesis that the G4C2-repeat itself could be the main site of methylation. To evaluate (G4C2) n -methylation, we developed a novel assay, which was validated by an independent methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme assay. Notably, both assays are qualitative but not quantitative. Blood DNA was available for 270 unrelated individuals, including 71 expansion carriers. In addition, we investigated blood DNA from family members of 16 probands, and 38 DNA samples from multiple tissues of 10 expansion carriers. Finally, we tested DNA from different tissues of an ALS patient carrying a somatically unstable 90-repeat. We demonstrated that the G4C2-expansion is generally methylated in unrelated carriers of alleles >50 repeats (97 %), while small (<22 repeats) or intermediate (22-90 repeats) alleles were completely unmethylated. The presence of (G4C2) n -methylation does not separate the C9orf72-phenotypes (ALS vs. ALS/FTLD vs. FTLD), but has the potential to predict large vs. intermediate repeat length. Our results suggest that (G4C2) n -methylation might sometimes spread to the 5´-upstream region, but not vice versa. It is stable over time, since (G4C2) n -methylation was detected in carriers with a wide range of ages (24-74 years). It was identified in both blood and brain tissues for the same individual, implying its potential use as a biomarker. Furthermore, our findings may open up new perspectives for studying disease mechanisms, such as determining whether methylated and unmethylated repeats have the same ability to form a G-quadruplex configuration.Fil: Xi, Zhengrui. University of Toronto; CanadáFil: Zhang, Ming. University of Toronto; CanadáFil: Bruni, Amalia C.. No especifíca;Fil: Maletta, Raffaele G.. No especifíca;Fil: Colao, Rosanna. No especifíca;Fil: Fratta, Pietro. UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Reino UnidoFil: Polke, James M.. National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Reino UnidoFil: Sweeny, Mary G.. National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Reino UnidoFil: Mudanohwo, Ese. National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Reino UnidoFil: Nacmias, Benedetta. Universidad de Florencia ; ItaliaFil: Sorbi, Sandro. Universidad de Florencia; ItaliaFil: Tartaglia, Maria Carmela. University of Toronto; CanadáFil: Rainero, Innocenzo. Università di Torino; ItaliaFil: Rubino, Elisa. Università di Torino; ItaliaFil: Pinessi, Lorenzo. Università di Torino; ItaliaFil: Galimberti, Daniela. University of Milan; ItaliaFil: Surace, Ezequiel Ignacio. Fundación para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia. Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas "Raúl Carrea"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: McGoldrick, Philip. University of Toronto; CanadáFil: McKeever, Paul. University of Toronto; CanadáFil: Moreno, Danielle. University of Toronto; CanadáFil: Sato, Christine. University of Toronto; CanadáFil: Liang, Yan. University of Toronto; CanadáFil: Keith, Julia. No especifíca;Fil: Zinman, Lorne. No especifíca;Fil: Robertson, Janice. University of Toronto; CanadáFil: Rogaeva, Ekaterina. University of Toronto; CanadáSpringer2015-05info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/112126Xi, Zhengrui; Zhang, Ming; Bruni, Amalia C.; Maletta, Raffaele G.; Colao, Rosanna; et al.; The C9orf72 repeat expansion itself is methylated in ALS and FTLD patients.; Springer; Acta Neuropathologica; 5-2015; 1-130001-6322CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1007/s00401-015-1401-8info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00401-015-1401-8?shared-article-rendererinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-09-29T10:35:43Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/112126instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-09-29 10:35:43.727CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv The C9orf72 repeat expansion itself is methylated in ALS and FTLD patients.
title The C9orf72 repeat expansion itself is methylated in ALS and FTLD patients.
spellingShingle The C9orf72 repeat expansion itself is methylated in ALS and FTLD patients.
Xi, Zhengrui
ALS
FTD
C9ORF72
METHYLATION
title_short The C9orf72 repeat expansion itself is methylated in ALS and FTLD patients.
title_full The C9orf72 repeat expansion itself is methylated in ALS and FTLD patients.
title_fullStr The C9orf72 repeat expansion itself is methylated in ALS and FTLD patients.
title_full_unstemmed The C9orf72 repeat expansion itself is methylated in ALS and FTLD patients.
title_sort The C9orf72 repeat expansion itself is methylated in ALS and FTLD patients.
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Xi, Zhengrui
Zhang, Ming
Bruni, Amalia C.
Maletta, Raffaele G.
Colao, Rosanna
Fratta, Pietro
Polke, James M.
Sweeny, Mary G.
Mudanohwo, Ese
Nacmias, Benedetta
Sorbi, Sandro
Tartaglia, Maria Carmela
Rainero, Innocenzo
Rubino, Elisa
Pinessi, Lorenzo
Galimberti, Daniela
Surace, Ezequiel Ignacio
McGoldrick, Philip
McKeever, Paul
Moreno, Danielle
Sato, Christine
Liang, Yan
Keith, Julia
Zinman, Lorne
Robertson, Janice
Rogaeva, Ekaterina
author Xi, Zhengrui
author_facet Xi, Zhengrui
Zhang, Ming
Bruni, Amalia C.
Maletta, Raffaele G.
Colao, Rosanna
Fratta, Pietro
Polke, James M.
Sweeny, Mary G.
Mudanohwo, Ese
Nacmias, Benedetta
Sorbi, Sandro
Tartaglia, Maria Carmela
Rainero, Innocenzo
Rubino, Elisa
Pinessi, Lorenzo
Galimberti, Daniela
Surace, Ezequiel Ignacio
McGoldrick, Philip
McKeever, Paul
Moreno, Danielle
Sato, Christine
Liang, Yan
Keith, Julia
Zinman, Lorne
Robertson, Janice
Rogaeva, Ekaterina
author_role author
author2 Zhang, Ming
Bruni, Amalia C.
Maletta, Raffaele G.
Colao, Rosanna
Fratta, Pietro
Polke, James M.
Sweeny, Mary G.
Mudanohwo, Ese
Nacmias, Benedetta
Sorbi, Sandro
Tartaglia, Maria Carmela
Rainero, Innocenzo
Rubino, Elisa
Pinessi, Lorenzo
Galimberti, Daniela
Surace, Ezequiel Ignacio
McGoldrick, Philip
McKeever, Paul
Moreno, Danielle
Sato, Christine
Liang, Yan
Keith, Julia
Zinman, Lorne
Robertson, Janice
Rogaeva, Ekaterina
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv ALS
FTD
C9ORF72
METHYLATION
topic ALS
FTD
C9ORF72
METHYLATION
purl_subject.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/becyt/ford/3.1
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/3
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv The most common cause of both amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a G4C2-repeat expansion in C9orf72. However, the lower limit for pathological repeats has not been established and expansions with different sizes could have different pathological consequences. One of the implicated disease mechanisms is haploinsufficiency. Previously, we identified expansion-specific hypermethylation at the 5´ CpG-island near the G4C2-repeat, but only in a fraction of carriers (up to 36 %). Here, we tested the hypothesis that the G4C2-repeat itself could be the main site of methylation. To evaluate (G4C2) n -methylation, we developed a novel assay, which was validated by an independent methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme assay. Notably, both assays are qualitative but not quantitative. Blood DNA was available for 270 unrelated individuals, including 71 expansion carriers. In addition, we investigated blood DNA from family members of 16 probands, and 38 DNA samples from multiple tissues of 10 expansion carriers. Finally, we tested DNA from different tissues of an ALS patient carrying a somatically unstable 90-repeat. We demonstrated that the G4C2-expansion is generally methylated in unrelated carriers of alleles >50 repeats (97 %), while small (<22 repeats) or intermediate (22-90 repeats) alleles were completely unmethylated. The presence of (G4C2) n -methylation does not separate the C9orf72-phenotypes (ALS vs. ALS/FTLD vs. FTLD), but has the potential to predict large vs. intermediate repeat length. Our results suggest that (G4C2) n -methylation might sometimes spread to the 5´-upstream region, but not vice versa. It is stable over time, since (G4C2) n -methylation was detected in carriers with a wide range of ages (24-74 years). It was identified in both blood and brain tissues for the same individual, implying its potential use as a biomarker. Furthermore, our findings may open up new perspectives for studying disease mechanisms, such as determining whether methylated and unmethylated repeats have the same ability to form a G-quadruplex configuration.
Fil: Xi, Zhengrui. University of Toronto; Canadá
Fil: Zhang, Ming. University of Toronto; Canadá
Fil: Bruni, Amalia C.. No especifíca;
Fil: Maletta, Raffaele G.. No especifíca;
Fil: Colao, Rosanna. No especifíca;
Fil: Fratta, Pietro. UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Reino Unido
Fil: Polke, James M.. National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Reino Unido
Fil: Sweeny, Mary G.. National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Reino Unido
Fil: Mudanohwo, Ese. National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Reino Unido
Fil: Nacmias, Benedetta. Universidad de Florencia ; Italia
Fil: Sorbi, Sandro. Universidad de Florencia; Italia
Fil: Tartaglia, Maria Carmela. University of Toronto; Canadá
Fil: Rainero, Innocenzo. Università di Torino; Italia
Fil: Rubino, Elisa. Università di Torino; Italia
Fil: Pinessi, Lorenzo. Università di Torino; Italia
Fil: Galimberti, Daniela. University of Milan; Italia
Fil: Surace, Ezequiel Ignacio. Fundación para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia. Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas "Raúl Carrea"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: McGoldrick, Philip. University of Toronto; Canadá
Fil: McKeever, Paul. University of Toronto; Canadá
Fil: Moreno, Danielle. University of Toronto; Canadá
Fil: Sato, Christine. University of Toronto; Canadá
Fil: Liang, Yan. University of Toronto; Canadá
Fil: Keith, Julia. No especifíca;
Fil: Zinman, Lorne. No especifíca;
Fil: Robertson, Janice. University of Toronto; Canadá
Fil: Rogaeva, Ekaterina. University of Toronto; Canadá
description The most common cause of both amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a G4C2-repeat expansion in C9orf72. However, the lower limit for pathological repeats has not been established and expansions with different sizes could have different pathological consequences. One of the implicated disease mechanisms is haploinsufficiency. Previously, we identified expansion-specific hypermethylation at the 5´ CpG-island near the G4C2-repeat, but only in a fraction of carriers (up to 36 %). Here, we tested the hypothesis that the G4C2-repeat itself could be the main site of methylation. To evaluate (G4C2) n -methylation, we developed a novel assay, which was validated by an independent methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme assay. Notably, both assays are qualitative but not quantitative. Blood DNA was available for 270 unrelated individuals, including 71 expansion carriers. In addition, we investigated blood DNA from family members of 16 probands, and 38 DNA samples from multiple tissues of 10 expansion carriers. Finally, we tested DNA from different tissues of an ALS patient carrying a somatically unstable 90-repeat. We demonstrated that the G4C2-expansion is generally methylated in unrelated carriers of alleles >50 repeats (97 %), while small (<22 repeats) or intermediate (22-90 repeats) alleles were completely unmethylated. The presence of (G4C2) n -methylation does not separate the C9orf72-phenotypes (ALS vs. ALS/FTLD vs. FTLD), but has the potential to predict large vs. intermediate repeat length. Our results suggest that (G4C2) n -methylation might sometimes spread to the 5´-upstream region, but not vice versa. It is stable over time, since (G4C2) n -methylation was detected in carriers with a wide range of ages (24-74 years). It was identified in both blood and brain tissues for the same individual, implying its potential use as a biomarker. Furthermore, our findings may open up new perspectives for studying disease mechanisms, such as determining whether methylated and unmethylated repeats have the same ability to form a G-quadruplex configuration.
publishDate 2015
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2015-05
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11336/112126
Xi, Zhengrui; Zhang, Ming; Bruni, Amalia C.; Maletta, Raffaele G.; Colao, Rosanna; et al.; The C9orf72 repeat expansion itself is methylated in ALS and FTLD patients.; Springer; Acta Neuropathologica; 5-2015; 1-13
0001-6322
CONICET Digital
CONICET
url http://hdl.handle.net/11336/112126
identifier_str_mv Xi, Zhengrui; Zhang, Ming; Bruni, Amalia C.; Maletta, Raffaele G.; Colao, Rosanna; et al.; The C9orf72 repeat expansion itself is methylated in ALS and FTLD patients.; Springer; Acta Neuropathologica; 5-2015; 1-13
0001-6322
CONICET Digital
CONICET
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
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info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00401-015-1401-8?shared-article-renderer
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
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dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Springer
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Springer
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