Distribution of Serpens South protostars revealed with ALMA

Autores
Plunkett, Adele L.; Fernandez Lopez, Manuel; Arce, Héctor G.; Busquet, Gemma; Mardones, Diego; Dunham, Michael M.
Año de publicación
2018
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Context. Clusters are common sites of star formation, whose members display varying degrees of mass segregation. The cause may be primordial or dynamical, or a combination both. If mass segregation were to be observed in a very young protostellar cluster, then the primordial case can be assumed more likely for that region. Aims. We investigated the masses and spatial distributions of pre-stellar and protostellar candidates in the young, low-mass star forming region Serpens South, where active star formation is known to occur along a predominant filamentary structure. Previous observations used to study these distributions have been limited by two important observational factors: (1) sensitivity limits that leave the lowest-mass sources undetected or (2) resolution limits that cannot distinguish binaries and/or cluster members in close proximity. Methods. Recent millimeter-wavelength interferometry observations can now uncover faint and/or compact sources in order to study a more complete population of protostars, especially in nearby (D < 500 pc) clusters. Here we present ALMA observations of 1 mm (Band 6) continuum in a 3 × 2 arcmin region at the center of Serpens South. Our angular resolution of ∼100 is equivalent to ∼400 au, corresponding to scales of envelopes and/or disks of protostellar sources. Results. We detect 52 sources with 1 mm continuum, and we measure masses of 0.002-0.9 solar masses corresponding to gas and dust in the disk and/or envelope of the protostellar system. For the deeply embedded (youngest) sources with no IR counterparts, we find evidence of mass segregation and clustering according to: the minimum spanning tree method, distribution of projected separations between unique sources, and concentration of higher-mass sources near to the dense gas at the cluster center. Conclusions. The mass segregation of the mm sources is likely primordial rather than dynamical given the young age of this cluster, compared with segregation time. This is the first case to show this for mm sources in a low-mass protostellar cluster environment.
Fil: Plunkett, Adele L.. European Southern Observatory Santiago; Chile
Fil: Fernandez Lopez, Manuel. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía; Argentina
Fil: Arce, Héctor G.. University of Yale; Estados Unidos
Fil: Busquet, Gemma. Instituto de Ciencias del Espacio; España. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; España
Fil: Mardones, Diego. Universidad de Chile; Chile
Fil: Dunham, Michael M.. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Estados Unidos
Materia
Methods: Observational
Stars: Formation
Stars: Protostars
Submillimeter: Stars
Techniques: Interferometric
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Institución
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
OAI Identificador
oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/82426
Acceder
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oai_identifier_str oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/82426
network_acronym_str CONICETDig
repository_id_str 3498
network_name_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
spelling Distribution of Serpens South protostars revealed with ALMAPlunkett, Adele L.Fernandez Lopez, ManuelArce, Héctor G.Busquet, GemmaMardones, DiegoDunham, Michael M.Methods: ObservationalStars: FormationStars: ProtostarsSubmillimeter: StarsTechniques: Interferometrichttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1Context. Clusters are common sites of star formation, whose members display varying degrees of mass segregation. The cause may be primordial or dynamical, or a combination both. If mass segregation were to be observed in a very young protostellar cluster, then the primordial case can be assumed more likely for that region. Aims. We investigated the masses and spatial distributions of pre-stellar and protostellar candidates in the young, low-mass star forming region Serpens South, where active star formation is known to occur along a predominant filamentary structure. Previous observations used to study these distributions have been limited by two important observational factors: (1) sensitivity limits that leave the lowest-mass sources undetected or (2) resolution limits that cannot distinguish binaries and/or cluster members in close proximity. Methods. Recent millimeter-wavelength interferometry observations can now uncover faint and/or compact sources in order to study a more complete population of protostars, especially in nearby (D < 500 pc) clusters. Here we present ALMA observations of 1 mm (Band 6) continuum in a 3 × 2 arcmin region at the center of Serpens South. Our angular resolution of ∼100 is equivalent to ∼400 au, corresponding to scales of envelopes and/or disks of protostellar sources. Results. We detect 52 sources with 1 mm continuum, and we measure masses of 0.002-0.9 solar masses corresponding to gas and dust in the disk and/or envelope of the protostellar system. For the deeply embedded (youngest) sources with no IR counterparts, we find evidence of mass segregation and clustering according to: the minimum spanning tree method, distribution of projected separations between unique sources, and concentration of higher-mass sources near to the dense gas at the cluster center. Conclusions. The mass segregation of the mm sources is likely primordial rather than dynamical given the young age of this cluster, compared with segregation time. This is the first case to show this for mm sources in a low-mass protostellar cluster environment.Fil: Plunkett, Adele L.. European Southern Observatory Santiago; ChileFil: Fernandez Lopez, Manuel. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía; ArgentinaFil: Arce, Héctor G.. University of Yale; Estados UnidosFil: Busquet, Gemma. Instituto de Ciencias del Espacio; España. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Mardones, Diego. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Dunham, Michael M.. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Estados UnidosEDP Sciences2018-07info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/82426Plunkett, Adele L.; Fernandez Lopez, Manuel; Arce, Héctor G.; Busquet, Gemma; Mardones, Diego; et al.; Distribution of Serpens South protostars revealed with ALMA; EDP Sciences; Astronomy and Astrophysics; 615; A9; 7-2018; 1-170004-6361CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201732372info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2018/07/aa32372-17/aa32372-17.htmlinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-10-22T11:14:19Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/82426instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-10-22 11:14:19.776CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Distribution of Serpens South protostars revealed with ALMA
title Distribution of Serpens South protostars revealed with ALMA
spellingShingle Distribution of Serpens South protostars revealed with ALMA
Plunkett, Adele L.
Methods: Observational
Stars: Formation
Stars: Protostars
Submillimeter: Stars
Techniques: Interferometric
title_short Distribution of Serpens South protostars revealed with ALMA
title_full Distribution of Serpens South protostars revealed with ALMA
title_fullStr Distribution of Serpens South protostars revealed with ALMA
title_full_unstemmed Distribution of Serpens South protostars revealed with ALMA
title_sort Distribution of Serpens South protostars revealed with ALMA
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Plunkett, Adele L.
Fernandez Lopez, Manuel
Arce, Héctor G.
Busquet, Gemma
Mardones, Diego
Dunham, Michael M.
author Plunkett, Adele L.
author_facet Plunkett, Adele L.
Fernandez Lopez, Manuel
Arce, Héctor G.
Busquet, Gemma
Mardones, Diego
Dunham, Michael M.
author_role author
author2 Fernandez Lopez, Manuel
Arce, Héctor G.
Busquet, Gemma
Mardones, Diego
Dunham, Michael M.
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Methods: Observational
Stars: Formation
Stars: Protostars
Submillimeter: Stars
Techniques: Interferometric
topic Methods: Observational
Stars: Formation
Stars: Protostars
Submillimeter: Stars
Techniques: Interferometric
purl_subject.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Context. Clusters are common sites of star formation, whose members display varying degrees of mass segregation. The cause may be primordial or dynamical, or a combination both. If mass segregation were to be observed in a very young protostellar cluster, then the primordial case can be assumed more likely for that region. Aims. We investigated the masses and spatial distributions of pre-stellar and protostellar candidates in the young, low-mass star forming region Serpens South, where active star formation is known to occur along a predominant filamentary structure. Previous observations used to study these distributions have been limited by two important observational factors: (1) sensitivity limits that leave the lowest-mass sources undetected or (2) resolution limits that cannot distinguish binaries and/or cluster members in close proximity. Methods. Recent millimeter-wavelength interferometry observations can now uncover faint and/or compact sources in order to study a more complete population of protostars, especially in nearby (D < 500 pc) clusters. Here we present ALMA observations of 1 mm (Band 6) continuum in a 3 × 2 arcmin region at the center of Serpens South. Our angular resolution of ∼100 is equivalent to ∼400 au, corresponding to scales of envelopes and/or disks of protostellar sources. Results. We detect 52 sources with 1 mm continuum, and we measure masses of 0.002-0.9 solar masses corresponding to gas and dust in the disk and/or envelope of the protostellar system. For the deeply embedded (youngest) sources with no IR counterparts, we find evidence of mass segregation and clustering according to: the minimum spanning tree method, distribution of projected separations between unique sources, and concentration of higher-mass sources near to the dense gas at the cluster center. Conclusions. The mass segregation of the mm sources is likely primordial rather than dynamical given the young age of this cluster, compared with segregation time. This is the first case to show this for mm sources in a low-mass protostellar cluster environment.
Fil: Plunkett, Adele L.. European Southern Observatory Santiago; Chile
Fil: Fernandez Lopez, Manuel. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía; Argentina
Fil: Arce, Héctor G.. University of Yale; Estados Unidos
Fil: Busquet, Gemma. Instituto de Ciencias del Espacio; España. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; España
Fil: Mardones, Diego. Universidad de Chile; Chile
Fil: Dunham, Michael M.. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Estados Unidos
description Context. Clusters are common sites of star formation, whose members display varying degrees of mass segregation. The cause may be primordial or dynamical, or a combination both. If mass segregation were to be observed in a very young protostellar cluster, then the primordial case can be assumed more likely for that region. Aims. We investigated the masses and spatial distributions of pre-stellar and protostellar candidates in the young, low-mass star forming region Serpens South, where active star formation is known to occur along a predominant filamentary structure. Previous observations used to study these distributions have been limited by two important observational factors: (1) sensitivity limits that leave the lowest-mass sources undetected or (2) resolution limits that cannot distinguish binaries and/or cluster members in close proximity. Methods. Recent millimeter-wavelength interferometry observations can now uncover faint and/or compact sources in order to study a more complete population of protostars, especially in nearby (D < 500 pc) clusters. Here we present ALMA observations of 1 mm (Band 6) continuum in a 3 × 2 arcmin region at the center of Serpens South. Our angular resolution of ∼100 is equivalent to ∼400 au, corresponding to scales of envelopes and/or disks of protostellar sources. Results. We detect 52 sources with 1 mm continuum, and we measure masses of 0.002-0.9 solar masses corresponding to gas and dust in the disk and/or envelope of the protostellar system. For the deeply embedded (youngest) sources with no IR counterparts, we find evidence of mass segregation and clustering according to: the minimum spanning tree method, distribution of projected separations between unique sources, and concentration of higher-mass sources near to the dense gas at the cluster center. Conclusions. The mass segregation of the mm sources is likely primordial rather than dynamical given the young age of this cluster, compared with segregation time. This is the first case to show this for mm sources in a low-mass protostellar cluster environment.
publishDate 2018
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2018-07
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11336/82426
Plunkett, Adele L.; Fernandez Lopez, Manuel; Arce, Héctor G.; Busquet, Gemma; Mardones, Diego; et al.; Distribution of Serpens South protostars revealed with ALMA; EDP Sciences; Astronomy and Astrophysics; 615; A9; 7-2018; 1-17
0004-6361
CONICET Digital
CONICET
url http://hdl.handle.net/11336/82426
identifier_str_mv Plunkett, Adele L.; Fernandez Lopez, Manuel; Arce, Héctor G.; Busquet, Gemma; Mardones, Diego; et al.; Distribution of Serpens South protostars revealed with ALMA; EDP Sciences; Astronomy and Astrophysics; 615; A9; 7-2018; 1-17
0004-6361
CONICET Digital
CONICET
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201732372
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2018/07/aa32372-17/aa32372-17.html
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv EDP Sciences
publisher.none.fl_str_mv EDP Sciences
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
reponame_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
collection CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname_str Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.name.fl_str_mv CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.mail.fl_str_mv dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar
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score 12.982451

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