Global Lake Health in the Anthropocene: Societal Implications and Treatment Strategies

• Autores: Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.; Chukwuka, Azubuike V.; Anneville, Orlane; Brookes, Justin; Carvalho, Carolinne R.; Cotner, James B.; Grossart, Hans-peter; Hamilton, David P.; Hanson, Paul C.; Hejzlar, Josef; Hilt, Sabine; Hipsey, Matthew R.; Ibelings, Bas W.; Jacquet, Stéphan; Kangur, Külli; Kragh, Theis; Lehner, Bernhard; Lepori, Fabio; Lukubye, Ben; Marce, Rafael; McElarney, Yvonne; Paule Mercado, María Cristina; North, Rebecca; Rojas?Jimenez, Keilor; Rusak, James A.; Sharma, Sapna; Scordo, Facundo; de Senerpont Domis, Lisette N.; Sø, Jonas Stage; Wood, Susanna A.; Xenopoulos, Marguerite A.; Zhou, Yongqiang
• Año de publicación: 2024
• Idioma: inglés
• Tipo de recurso: artículo
• Materia: LAKE HEALTH; ANTHROPOCENE; STRESSORS; HUMAN HEALTH; SUSTAINABILITY; TREATMENT
• Institución: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

The world´s 1.4 million lakes (≥10 ha) provide many ecosystem services that are essential for human well-being; however, only if their health status is good. Here, we reviewed common lake health issues and classified them using a simple human health-based approach to outline that lakes are living systems that are in need of oxygen, clean water and a balanced energy and nutrient supply. The main reason for adopting some of the human health terminology for the lake health classification is to increase the awareness and understanding of global lake health issues. We show that lakes are exposed to various anthropogenic stressors which can result in many lake health issues, ranging from thermal, circulatory, respiratory, nutritional and metabolic issues to infections and poisoning. Of particular concern for human well-being is the widespread lake drying, which is a severe circulatory issue with many cascading effects on lake health. We estimated that ∼115,000 lakes evaporate twice as much water as they gain from direct precipitation, making them vulnerable to potential drying if inflowing waters follow the drying trend, putting more than 153 million people at risk who live in close vicinity to those lakes. Where lake health issues remain untreated, essential ecosystem services will decline or even vanish, posing a threat to the well-being of millions of people. We recommend coordinated multisectoral and multidisciplinary prevention and treatment strategies, which need to include a follow-up of the progress and an assessment of the resilience of lakes to intensifying threats. Priority should be given to implementing sewage water treatment, mitigating climate change, counteracting introductions of non-native species to lakes and decreasing uncontrolled anthropogenic releases of chemicals into the hydro-, bio-, and atmosphere.
Fil: Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.. Uppsala Universitet; Suecia
Fil: Chukwuka, Azubuike V.. National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency; Nigeria
Fil: Anneville, Orlane. Université Savoie Mont Blanc; Francia. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Francia
Fil: Brookes, Justin. University of Adelaide; Australia
Fil: Carvalho, Carolinne R.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil
Fil: Cotner, James B.. University of Minnesota; Estados Unidos
Fil: Grossart, Hans-peter. Leibniz - Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries; Alemania
Fil: Hamilton, David P.. Griffith University; Australia
Fil: Hanson, Paul C.. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos
Fil: Hejzlar, Josef. Czech Academy of Sciences; República Checa
Fil: Hilt, Sabine. Leibniz - Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries; Alemania
Fil: Hipsey, Matthew R.. University of Western Australia; Australia
Fil: Ibelings, Bas W.. University Of Geneva (ug);
Fil: Jacquet, Stéphan. Université Savoie Mont Blanc; Francia
Fil: Kangur, Külli. Estonian University Of Life‐ Sciences; Estonia
Fil: Kragh, Theis. University Of Southern Denmark; Dinamarca
Fil: Lehner, Bernhard. McGill University; Canadá
Fil: Lepori, Fabio. University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland; Suiza
Fil: Lukubye, Ben. University of Emory; Estados Unidos
Fil: Marce, Rafael. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; España
Fil: McElarney, Yvonne. Agri‐food And Biosciences Institute; Irlanda
Fil: Paule Mercado, María Cristina. Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; República Checa
Fil: North, Rebecca. University of Missouri; Estados Unidos
Fil: Rojas?Jimenez, Keilor. Universidad de Costa Rica; Costa Rica
Fil: Rusak, James A.. Ontario Ministry Of The Environment; Canadá
Fil: Sharma, Sapna. Queens University; Canadá
Fil: Scordo, Facundo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Geografía y Turismo; Argentina
Fil: de Senerpont Domis, Lisette N.. Netherlands Institute Of Ecology; Países Bajos
Fil: Sø, Jonas Stage. University Of Southern Denmark; Dinamarca
Fil: Wood, Susanna A.. Cawthron Institute; Nueva Zelanda
Fil: Xenopoulos, Marguerite A.. Trent University (trent University);
Fil: Zhou, Yongqiang. Chinese Academy of Sciences; República de China