Uncovering deep mysteries: The underwater life of an amphibious louse

Autores
Leonardi, María Soledad; Lazzari, Claudio Ricardo
Año de publicación
2014
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Despite the incredible success of insects in colonizing almost every habitat, they remain virtually absent in one major environment – the open sea. A variety of hypotheses have been raised to explain why just a few insect species are present in the ocean, but none of them appears to be fully explanatory. Lice belonging to the family Echinophthiriidae are ectoparasites on different species of pinnipeds and river otters, i.e. they have amphibious hosts, who regularly perform long excursions into the open sea reaching depths of hundreds of meters (thousands of feets). Consequently, lice must be able to support not only changes in their surrounding media, but also extreme variations in hydrostatic pressure as well as breathing in a low oxygen atmosphere. In order to shed some light on the way lice can survive during the diving excursions of their hosts, we have performed a series of experiments to test the survival capability of different instars of Antarctophthirus microchir (Phthiraptera: Anoplura) from South American sea lions Otaria flavescens, when submerged into seawater. These experiments were aimed at analyzing: (a) immersion tolerance along the louse life; (b) lice’s ability to obtain oxygen from seawater; (c) physiological responses and mechanisms involved in survival underwater. Our experiments showed that the forms present in nondiving pups – i.e. eggs and first-instar nymphs – were unable to tolerate immersion in water, while fol- lowing instars and adults, all usually found in diving hosts, supported it very well. Furthermore, as long as the level of oxygen dissolved in water was higher, the lice survival capability underwater increased, and the recovery period after returning to air declined. These results are discussed in relation to host ecology, host exploitation and lice functional morphology.
Fil: Leonardi, María Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico; Argentina
Fil: Lazzari, Claudio Ricardo. Université François Rabelais; Francia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Materia
Amphibious Louse
Antarctophthirus Microchir
Otaria Flavescens
South American Sea Lion
Physiology
Insects
Diving
Ectoparasites
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Institución
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
OAI Identificador
oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/21094

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network_name_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
spelling Uncovering deep mysteries: The underwater life of an amphibious louseLeonardi, María SoledadLazzari, Claudio RicardoAmphibious LouseAntarctophthirus MicrochirOtaria FlavescensSouth American Sea LionPhysiologyInsectsDivingEctoparasiteshttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1Despite the incredible success of insects in colonizing almost every habitat, they remain virtually absent in one major environment – the open sea. A variety of hypotheses have been raised to explain why just a few insect species are present in the ocean, but none of them appears to be fully explanatory. Lice belonging to the family Echinophthiriidae are ectoparasites on different species of pinnipeds and river otters, i.e. they have amphibious hosts, who regularly perform long excursions into the open sea reaching depths of hundreds of meters (thousands of feets). Consequently, lice must be able to support not only changes in their surrounding media, but also extreme variations in hydrostatic pressure as well as breathing in a low oxygen atmosphere. In order to shed some light on the way lice can survive during the diving excursions of their hosts, we have performed a series of experiments to test the survival capability of different instars of Antarctophthirus microchir (Phthiraptera: Anoplura) from South American sea lions Otaria flavescens, when submerged into seawater. These experiments were aimed at analyzing: (a) immersion tolerance along the louse life; (b) lice’s ability to obtain oxygen from seawater; (c) physiological responses and mechanisms involved in survival underwater. Our experiments showed that the forms present in nondiving pups – i.e. eggs and first-instar nymphs – were unable to tolerate immersion in water, while fol- lowing instars and adults, all usually found in diving hosts, supported it very well. Furthermore, as long as the level of oxygen dissolved in water was higher, the lice survival capability underwater increased, and the recovery period after returning to air declined. These results are discussed in relation to host ecology, host exploitation and lice functional morphology.Fil: Leonardi, María Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Lazzari, Claudio Ricardo. Université François Rabelais; Francia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaElsevier2014-11-07info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/21094Leonardi, María Soledad; Lazzari, Claudio Ricardo; Uncovering deep mysteries: The underwater life of an amphibious louse; Elsevier; Journal of Insect Physiology; 71; 7-11-2014; 164-1690022-1910CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2014.10.016info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002219101400211Xinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-09-03T09:53:31Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/21094instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-09-03 09:53:31.887CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Uncovering deep mysteries: The underwater life of an amphibious louse
title Uncovering deep mysteries: The underwater life of an amphibious louse
spellingShingle Uncovering deep mysteries: The underwater life of an amphibious louse
Leonardi, María Soledad
Amphibious Louse
Antarctophthirus Microchir
Otaria Flavescens
South American Sea Lion
Physiology
Insects
Diving
Ectoparasites
title_short Uncovering deep mysteries: The underwater life of an amphibious louse
title_full Uncovering deep mysteries: The underwater life of an amphibious louse
title_fullStr Uncovering deep mysteries: The underwater life of an amphibious louse
title_full_unstemmed Uncovering deep mysteries: The underwater life of an amphibious louse
title_sort Uncovering deep mysteries: The underwater life of an amphibious louse
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Leonardi, María Soledad
Lazzari, Claudio Ricardo
author Leonardi, María Soledad
author_facet Leonardi, María Soledad
Lazzari, Claudio Ricardo
author_role author
author2 Lazzari, Claudio Ricardo
author2_role author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Amphibious Louse
Antarctophthirus Microchir
Otaria Flavescens
South American Sea Lion
Physiology
Insects
Diving
Ectoparasites
topic Amphibious Louse
Antarctophthirus Microchir
Otaria Flavescens
South American Sea Lion
Physiology
Insects
Diving
Ectoparasites
purl_subject.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Despite the incredible success of insects in colonizing almost every habitat, they remain virtually absent in one major environment – the open sea. A variety of hypotheses have been raised to explain why just a few insect species are present in the ocean, but none of them appears to be fully explanatory. Lice belonging to the family Echinophthiriidae are ectoparasites on different species of pinnipeds and river otters, i.e. they have amphibious hosts, who regularly perform long excursions into the open sea reaching depths of hundreds of meters (thousands of feets). Consequently, lice must be able to support not only changes in their surrounding media, but also extreme variations in hydrostatic pressure as well as breathing in a low oxygen atmosphere. In order to shed some light on the way lice can survive during the diving excursions of their hosts, we have performed a series of experiments to test the survival capability of different instars of Antarctophthirus microchir (Phthiraptera: Anoplura) from South American sea lions Otaria flavescens, when submerged into seawater. These experiments were aimed at analyzing: (a) immersion tolerance along the louse life; (b) lice’s ability to obtain oxygen from seawater; (c) physiological responses and mechanisms involved in survival underwater. Our experiments showed that the forms present in nondiving pups – i.e. eggs and first-instar nymphs – were unable to tolerate immersion in water, while fol- lowing instars and adults, all usually found in diving hosts, supported it very well. Furthermore, as long as the level of oxygen dissolved in water was higher, the lice survival capability underwater increased, and the recovery period after returning to air declined. These results are discussed in relation to host ecology, host exploitation and lice functional morphology.
Fil: Leonardi, María Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico; Argentina
Fil: Lazzari, Claudio Ricardo. Université François Rabelais; Francia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
description Despite the incredible success of insects in colonizing almost every habitat, they remain virtually absent in one major environment – the open sea. A variety of hypotheses have been raised to explain why just a few insect species are present in the ocean, but none of them appears to be fully explanatory. Lice belonging to the family Echinophthiriidae are ectoparasites on different species of pinnipeds and river otters, i.e. they have amphibious hosts, who regularly perform long excursions into the open sea reaching depths of hundreds of meters (thousands of feets). Consequently, lice must be able to support not only changes in their surrounding media, but also extreme variations in hydrostatic pressure as well as breathing in a low oxygen atmosphere. In order to shed some light on the way lice can survive during the diving excursions of their hosts, we have performed a series of experiments to test the survival capability of different instars of Antarctophthirus microchir (Phthiraptera: Anoplura) from South American sea lions Otaria flavescens, when submerged into seawater. These experiments were aimed at analyzing: (a) immersion tolerance along the louse life; (b) lice’s ability to obtain oxygen from seawater; (c) physiological responses and mechanisms involved in survival underwater. Our experiments showed that the forms present in nondiving pups – i.e. eggs and first-instar nymphs – were unable to tolerate immersion in water, while fol- lowing instars and adults, all usually found in diving hosts, supported it very well. Furthermore, as long as the level of oxygen dissolved in water was higher, the lice survival capability underwater increased, and the recovery period after returning to air declined. These results are discussed in relation to host ecology, host exploitation and lice functional morphology.
publishDate 2014
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2014-11-07
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11336/21094
Leonardi, María Soledad; Lazzari, Claudio Ricardo; Uncovering deep mysteries: The underwater life of an amphibious louse; Elsevier; Journal of Insect Physiology; 71; 7-11-2014; 164-169
0022-1910
CONICET Digital
CONICET
url http://hdl.handle.net/11336/21094
identifier_str_mv Leonardi, María Soledad; Lazzari, Claudio Ricardo; Uncovering deep mysteries: The underwater life of an amphibious louse; Elsevier; Journal of Insect Physiology; 71; 7-11-2014; 164-169
0022-1910
CONICET Digital
CONICET
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2014.10.016
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002219101400211X
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
reponame_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
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instname_str Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.name.fl_str_mv CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.mail.fl_str_mv dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar
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