Characterisation of influential mechanisms in the life cycle of fog: a study of two extreme events at airports in central-eastern Argentina

Autores
Yabra, Melina Sol; Nicolini, Matilde; Vidal, Luciano
Año de publicación
2025
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Reduced visibility due to fog is a major disruptor of global air traffic, leading to flight cancellations, delays and diversions. To enhance forecasting and mitigate these losses, a thorough understanding of the physical mechanisms governing the life cycle of fog is essential. This study aims to advance this understanding in Argentina, focusing on events where fog simultaneously affected the operations of several airports and, therefore, all the air traffic of the country. Two specific cases, one of extreme duration and one unexpected by forecasters, from different seasons, were analysed using aeronautical meteorological observations (Meteorological Terminal Aviation Report, METAR), radiosondes, Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-16 (GOES-16) satellite images and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis (ERA5) reanalysis data. Satellite techniques for detecting low clouds and fog were particularly effective at night but had limitations in distinguishing between fog and low stratus. The study identified multiple mechanisms operating at various scales that contribute to fog formation and dissipation. Both events were characterised by frontal passages – cold in the summer and warm in the winter – accompanied by associated temperature and moisture advections. Various local factors, despite similar synoptic conditions, influenced boundary layer processes at smaller scales, resulting in distinct fog behaviour at each location. These findings highlight the complexity of fog forecasting, fog being driven by multiple interacting processes across different scales, as well as the constraints of current observational systems and numerical models.
Fil: Yabra, Melina Sol. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos; Argentina. Ministerio de Defensa. Secretaria de Planeamiento. Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. Servicio Metereológico Nacional (sede Dorrego).; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Nicolini, Matilde. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina
Fil: Vidal, Luciano. Ministerio de Defensa. Secretaria de Planeamiento. Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. Servicio Metereológico Nacional (sede Dorrego).; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Materia
Argentina
Aviation
fog
atmospheric observation
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Institución
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
OAI Identificador
oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/273928
Acceder
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repository_id_str 3498
network_name_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
spelling Characterisation of influential mechanisms in the life cycle of fog: a study of two extreme events at airports in central-eastern ArgentinaYabra, Melina SolNicolini, MatildeVidal, LucianoArgentinaAviationfogatmospheric observationhttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1Reduced visibility due to fog is a major disruptor of global air traffic, leading to flight cancellations, delays and diversions. To enhance forecasting and mitigate these losses, a thorough understanding of the physical mechanisms governing the life cycle of fog is essential. This study aims to advance this understanding in Argentina, focusing on events where fog simultaneously affected the operations of several airports and, therefore, all the air traffic of the country. Two specific cases, one of extreme duration and one unexpected by forecasters, from different seasons, were analysed using aeronautical meteorological observations (Meteorological Terminal Aviation Report, METAR), radiosondes, Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-16 (GOES-16) satellite images and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis (ERA5) reanalysis data. Satellite techniques for detecting low clouds and fog were particularly effective at night but had limitations in distinguishing between fog and low stratus. The study identified multiple mechanisms operating at various scales that contribute to fog formation and dissipation. Both events were characterised by frontal passages – cold in the summer and warm in the winter – accompanied by associated temperature and moisture advections. Various local factors, despite similar synoptic conditions, influenced boundary layer processes at smaller scales, resulting in distinct fog behaviour at each location. These findings highlight the complexity of fog forecasting, fog being driven by multiple interacting processes across different scales, as well as the constraints of current observational systems and numerical models.Fil: Yabra, Melina Sol. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos; Argentina. Ministerio de Defensa. Secretaria de Planeamiento. Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. Servicio Metereológico Nacional (sede Dorrego).; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Nicolini, Matilde. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; ArgentinaFil: Vidal, Luciano. Ministerio de Defensa. Secretaria de Planeamiento. Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. Servicio Metereológico Nacional (sede Dorrego).; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaCsiro Publishing2025-08info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/273928Yabra, Melina Sol; Nicolini, Matilde; Vidal, Luciano; Characterisation of influential mechanisms in the life cycle of fog: a study of two extreme events at airports in central-eastern Argentina; Csiro Publishing; Journal of Southern Hemisphere Earth Systems Science; 75; 3; 8-2025; 1-202206-5865CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://www.publish.csiro.au/ES/ES25006info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1071/ES25006info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-11-05T09:39:29Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/273928instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-11-05 09:39:30.147CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Characterisation of influential mechanisms in the life cycle of fog: a study of two extreme events at airports in central-eastern Argentina
title Characterisation of influential mechanisms in the life cycle of fog: a study of two extreme events at airports in central-eastern Argentina
spellingShingle Characterisation of influential mechanisms in the life cycle of fog: a study of two extreme events at airports in central-eastern Argentina
Yabra, Melina Sol
Argentina
Aviation
fog
atmospheric observation
title_short Characterisation of influential mechanisms in the life cycle of fog: a study of two extreme events at airports in central-eastern Argentina
title_full Characterisation of influential mechanisms in the life cycle of fog: a study of two extreme events at airports in central-eastern Argentina
title_fullStr Characterisation of influential mechanisms in the life cycle of fog: a study of two extreme events at airports in central-eastern Argentina
title_full_unstemmed Characterisation of influential mechanisms in the life cycle of fog: a study of two extreme events at airports in central-eastern Argentina
title_sort Characterisation of influential mechanisms in the life cycle of fog: a study of two extreme events at airports in central-eastern Argentina
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Yabra, Melina Sol
Nicolini, Matilde
Vidal, Luciano
author Yabra, Melina Sol
author_facet Yabra, Melina Sol
Nicolini, Matilde
Vidal, Luciano
author_role author
author2 Nicolini, Matilde
Vidal, Luciano
author2_role author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Argentina
Aviation
fog
atmospheric observation
topic Argentina
Aviation
fog
atmospheric observation
purl_subject.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Reduced visibility due to fog is a major disruptor of global air traffic, leading to flight cancellations, delays and diversions. To enhance forecasting and mitigate these losses, a thorough understanding of the physical mechanisms governing the life cycle of fog is essential. This study aims to advance this understanding in Argentina, focusing on events where fog simultaneously affected the operations of several airports and, therefore, all the air traffic of the country. Two specific cases, one of extreme duration and one unexpected by forecasters, from different seasons, were analysed using aeronautical meteorological observations (Meteorological Terminal Aviation Report, METAR), radiosondes, Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-16 (GOES-16) satellite images and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis (ERA5) reanalysis data. Satellite techniques for detecting low clouds and fog were particularly effective at night but had limitations in distinguishing between fog and low stratus. The study identified multiple mechanisms operating at various scales that contribute to fog formation and dissipation. Both events were characterised by frontal passages – cold in the summer and warm in the winter – accompanied by associated temperature and moisture advections. Various local factors, despite similar synoptic conditions, influenced boundary layer processes at smaller scales, resulting in distinct fog behaviour at each location. These findings highlight the complexity of fog forecasting, fog being driven by multiple interacting processes across different scales, as well as the constraints of current observational systems and numerical models.
Fil: Yabra, Melina Sol. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos; Argentina. Ministerio de Defensa. Secretaria de Planeamiento. Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. Servicio Metereológico Nacional (sede Dorrego).; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Nicolini, Matilde. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina
Fil: Vidal, Luciano. Ministerio de Defensa. Secretaria de Planeamiento. Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. Servicio Metereológico Nacional (sede Dorrego).; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
description Reduced visibility due to fog is a major disruptor of global air traffic, leading to flight cancellations, delays and diversions. To enhance forecasting and mitigate these losses, a thorough understanding of the physical mechanisms governing the life cycle of fog is essential. This study aims to advance this understanding in Argentina, focusing on events where fog simultaneously affected the operations of several airports and, therefore, all the air traffic of the country. Two specific cases, one of extreme duration and one unexpected by forecasters, from different seasons, were analysed using aeronautical meteorological observations (Meteorological Terminal Aviation Report, METAR), radiosondes, Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-16 (GOES-16) satellite images and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis (ERA5) reanalysis data. Satellite techniques for detecting low clouds and fog were particularly effective at night but had limitations in distinguishing between fog and low stratus. The study identified multiple mechanisms operating at various scales that contribute to fog formation and dissipation. Both events were characterised by frontal passages – cold in the summer and warm in the winter – accompanied by associated temperature and moisture advections. Various local factors, despite similar synoptic conditions, influenced boundary layer processes at smaller scales, resulting in distinct fog behaviour at each location. These findings highlight the complexity of fog forecasting, fog being driven by multiple interacting processes across different scales, as well as the constraints of current observational systems and numerical models.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025-08
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11336/273928
Yabra, Melina Sol; Nicolini, Matilde; Vidal, Luciano; Characterisation of influential mechanisms in the life cycle of fog: a study of two extreme events at airports in central-eastern Argentina; Csiro Publishing; Journal of Southern Hemisphere Earth Systems Science; 75; 3; 8-2025; 1-20
2206-5865
CONICET Digital
CONICET
url http://hdl.handle.net/11336/273928
identifier_str_mv Yabra, Melina Sol; Nicolini, Matilde; Vidal, Luciano; Characterisation of influential mechanisms in the life cycle of fog: a study of two extreme events at airports in central-eastern Argentina; Csiro Publishing; Journal of Southern Hemisphere Earth Systems Science; 75; 3; 8-2025; 1-20
2206-5865
CONICET Digital
CONICET
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://www.publish.csiro.au/ES/ES25006
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1071/ES25006
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Csiro Publishing
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Csiro Publishing
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
reponame_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
collection CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname_str Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.name.fl_str_mv CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.mail.fl_str_mv dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar
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score 13.087074

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