Projectile weapons before the bow: metric data from the southern Andes

Autores
Marsh, Erik Johnson; Castro, Silvina Celeste; Yebra, Lucía Gabriela; Cortegoso, Valeria; Duran, Victor Alberto
Año de publicación
2021
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
documento de conferencia
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Projectile technology was a significant factor in the demographic expansion of Homo sapiens out of Africa. Settlement in the Americas was made possible by a series of human strategies including the use of atlatls and throwing spears. These were the dominant weapons for much of the continent’s human history, prior to the initial appearance of the bow and arrow. This significant technological breakthrough was culturally transmitted over a wide region and accompanied major economic changes. Most methods for distinguishing archaeological dart and arrow projectile points rely on metric comparisons to ethnographic collections (Shott 1997) and the general trend that spear points are large and heavy, atlatl dart points are somewhat smaller, and arrow points are the smallest. In the southern Andes, lithic points prior to the use of the bow include fishtail points (late Pleistocene–early Holocene), large stemmed and lancolate points (early Holocene) and triangular points (middle–late Holocene). This paper’s goal is to begin to characterize the metric variability of projectile points prior to the introduction of the bow in the southern Andes. To do this, we selected points from contexts that are unambiguously prior to the bow, based on associations with 1) preserved wood atlatl elements or 2) radiocarbon dates that are well prior to the introduction of the bow. We present data for 64 lithic points from the site Los Morrillos (30°S) in levels dated 4000–7500 years BP and at nine other sites (32–34°S) from levels dated 2000–7500 years BP. These points have also been analyzed morphologically to reduce noise by excluding points reused as knives. These data will allow us to estimate the metric range of pre-bow projectile points from secure archaeological contexts (Castro et al. 2021). This will help provide a stronger comparative baseline for identifying arrow points, which is currently done with ethnographic measurement that sometimes di!er significantly from archaeological ones. This will also help establish a comparative baseline for the Andes, where regional variation may also be a factor in variable point sizes.
Fil: Marsh, Erik Johnson. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas. - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Laboratorio de Paleoecología Humana; Argentina
Fil: Castro, Silvina Celeste. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas. - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas; Argentina
Fil: Yebra, Lucía Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas. - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas; Argentina
Fil: Cortegoso, Valeria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas. - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas; Argentina
Fil: Duran, Victor Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas. - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas; Argentina
13th International Symposium on Knappable Materials: Multi-scalar Characterization of Raw Materials
Tarragona
España
Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
Materia
Projectile weapons
Bow and arrow
Metric analysis
Spearthrowers
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Institución
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
OAI Identificador
oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/204446
Acceder
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oai_identifier_str oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/204446
network_acronym_str CONICETDig
repository_id_str 3498
network_name_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
spelling Projectile weapons before the bow: metric data from the southern AndesMarsh, Erik JohnsonCastro, Silvina CelesteYebra, Lucía GabrielaCortegoso, ValeriaDuran, Victor AlbertoProjectile weaponsBow and arrowMetric analysisSpearthrowershttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/6.1https://purl.org/becyt/ford/6Projectile technology was a significant factor in the demographic expansion of Homo sapiens out of Africa. Settlement in the Americas was made possible by a series of human strategies including the use of atlatls and throwing spears. These were the dominant weapons for much of the continent’s human history, prior to the initial appearance of the bow and arrow. This significant technological breakthrough was culturally transmitted over a wide region and accompanied major economic changes. Most methods for distinguishing archaeological dart and arrow projectile points rely on metric comparisons to ethnographic collections (Shott 1997) and the general trend that spear points are large and heavy, atlatl dart points are somewhat smaller, and arrow points are the smallest. In the southern Andes, lithic points prior to the use of the bow include fishtail points (late Pleistocene–early Holocene), large stemmed and lancolate points (early Holocene) and triangular points (middle–late Holocene). This paper’s goal is to begin to characterize the metric variability of projectile points prior to the introduction of the bow in the southern Andes. To do this, we selected points from contexts that are unambiguously prior to the bow, based on associations with 1) preserved wood atlatl elements or 2) radiocarbon dates that are well prior to the introduction of the bow. We present data for 64 lithic points from the site Los Morrillos (30°S) in levels dated 4000–7500 years BP and at nine other sites (32–34°S) from levels dated 2000–7500 years BP. These points have also been analyzed morphologically to reduce noise by excluding points reused as knives. These data will allow us to estimate the metric range of pre-bow projectile points from secure archaeological contexts (Castro et al. 2021). This will help provide a stronger comparative baseline for identifying arrow points, which is currently done with ethnographic measurement that sometimes di!er significantly from archaeological ones. This will also help establish a comparative baseline for the Andes, where regional variation may also be a factor in variable point sizes.Fil: Marsh, Erik Johnson. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas. - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Laboratorio de Paleoecología Humana; ArgentinaFil: Castro, Silvina Celeste. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas. - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas; ArgentinaFil: Yebra, Lucía Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas. - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas; ArgentinaFil: Cortegoso, Valeria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas. - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas; ArgentinaFil: Duran, Victor Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas. - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas; Argentina13th International Symposium on Knappable Materials: Multi-scalar Characterization of Raw MaterialsTarragonaEspañaUniversitat Rovira i Virgili. Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució SocialUniversidad Autónoma de MadridSid2021info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObjectSimposioBookhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_5794info:ar-repo/semantics/documentoDeConferenciaapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/204446Projectile weapons before the bow: metric data from the southern Andes; 13th International Symposium on Knappable Materials: Multi-scalar Characterization of Raw Materials; Tarragona; España; 2021; 119-119978-84-09-33737-8CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://wwwa.fundacio.urv.cat/congressos/13iskm2021/homeInternacionalinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-09-29T09:49:33Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/204446instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-09-29 09:49:33.509CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Projectile weapons before the bow: metric data from the southern Andes
title Projectile weapons before the bow: metric data from the southern Andes
spellingShingle Projectile weapons before the bow: metric data from the southern Andes
Marsh, Erik Johnson
Projectile weapons
Bow and arrow
Metric analysis
Spearthrowers
title_short Projectile weapons before the bow: metric data from the southern Andes
title_full Projectile weapons before the bow: metric data from the southern Andes
title_fullStr Projectile weapons before the bow: metric data from the southern Andes
title_full_unstemmed Projectile weapons before the bow: metric data from the southern Andes
title_sort Projectile weapons before the bow: metric data from the southern Andes
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Marsh, Erik Johnson
Castro, Silvina Celeste
Yebra, Lucía Gabriela
Cortegoso, Valeria
Duran, Victor Alberto
author Marsh, Erik Johnson
author_facet Marsh, Erik Johnson
Castro, Silvina Celeste
Yebra, Lucía Gabriela
Cortegoso, Valeria
Duran, Victor Alberto
author_role author
author2 Castro, Silvina Celeste
Yebra, Lucía Gabriela
Cortegoso, Valeria
Duran, Victor Alberto
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Projectile weapons
Bow and arrow
Metric analysis
Spearthrowers
topic Projectile weapons
Bow and arrow
Metric analysis
Spearthrowers
purl_subject.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/becyt/ford/6.1
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/6
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Projectile technology was a significant factor in the demographic expansion of Homo sapiens out of Africa. Settlement in the Americas was made possible by a series of human strategies including the use of atlatls and throwing spears. These were the dominant weapons for much of the continent’s human history, prior to the initial appearance of the bow and arrow. This significant technological breakthrough was culturally transmitted over a wide region and accompanied major economic changes. Most methods for distinguishing archaeological dart and arrow projectile points rely on metric comparisons to ethnographic collections (Shott 1997) and the general trend that spear points are large and heavy, atlatl dart points are somewhat smaller, and arrow points are the smallest. In the southern Andes, lithic points prior to the use of the bow include fishtail points (late Pleistocene–early Holocene), large stemmed and lancolate points (early Holocene) and triangular points (middle–late Holocene). This paper’s goal is to begin to characterize the metric variability of projectile points prior to the introduction of the bow in the southern Andes. To do this, we selected points from contexts that are unambiguously prior to the bow, based on associations with 1) preserved wood atlatl elements or 2) radiocarbon dates that are well prior to the introduction of the bow. We present data for 64 lithic points from the site Los Morrillos (30°S) in levels dated 4000–7500 years BP and at nine other sites (32–34°S) from levels dated 2000–7500 years BP. These points have also been analyzed morphologically to reduce noise by excluding points reused as knives. These data will allow us to estimate the metric range of pre-bow projectile points from secure archaeological contexts (Castro et al. 2021). This will help provide a stronger comparative baseline for identifying arrow points, which is currently done with ethnographic measurement that sometimes di!er significantly from archaeological ones. This will also help establish a comparative baseline for the Andes, where regional variation may also be a factor in variable point sizes.
Fil: Marsh, Erik Johnson. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas. - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Laboratorio de Paleoecología Humana; Argentina
Fil: Castro, Silvina Celeste. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas. - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas; Argentina
Fil: Yebra, Lucía Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas. - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas; Argentina
Fil: Cortegoso, Valeria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas. - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas; Argentina
Fil: Duran, Victor Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas. - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas; Argentina
13th International Symposium on Knappable Materials: Multi-scalar Characterization of Raw Materials
Tarragona
España
Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
description Projectile technology was a significant factor in the demographic expansion of Homo sapiens out of Africa. Settlement in the Americas was made possible by a series of human strategies including the use of atlatls and throwing spears. These were the dominant weapons for much of the continent’s human history, prior to the initial appearance of the bow and arrow. This significant technological breakthrough was culturally transmitted over a wide region and accompanied major economic changes. Most methods for distinguishing archaeological dart and arrow projectile points rely on metric comparisons to ethnographic collections (Shott 1997) and the general trend that spear points are large and heavy, atlatl dart points are somewhat smaller, and arrow points are the smallest. In the southern Andes, lithic points prior to the use of the bow include fishtail points (late Pleistocene–early Holocene), large stemmed and lancolate points (early Holocene) and triangular points (middle–late Holocene). This paper’s goal is to begin to characterize the metric variability of projectile points prior to the introduction of the bow in the southern Andes. To do this, we selected points from contexts that are unambiguously prior to the bow, based on associations with 1) preserved wood atlatl elements or 2) radiocarbon dates that are well prior to the introduction of the bow. We present data for 64 lithic points from the site Los Morrillos (30°S) in levels dated 4000–7500 years BP and at nine other sites (32–34°S) from levels dated 2000–7500 years BP. These points have also been analyzed morphologically to reduce noise by excluding points reused as knives. These data will allow us to estimate the metric range of pre-bow projectile points from secure archaeological contexts (Castro et al. 2021). This will help provide a stronger comparative baseline for identifying arrow points, which is currently done with ethnographic measurement that sometimes di!er significantly from archaeological ones. This will also help establish a comparative baseline for the Andes, where regional variation may also be a factor in variable point sizes.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2021
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_5794
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status_str publishedVersion
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dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11336/204446
Projectile weapons before the bow: metric data from the southern Andes; 13th International Symposium on Knappable Materials: Multi-scalar Characterization of Raw Materials; Tarragona; España; 2021; 119-119
978-84-09-33737-8
CONICET Digital
CONICET
url http://hdl.handle.net/11336/204446
identifier_str_mv Projectile weapons before the bow: metric data from the southern Andes; 13th International Symposium on Knappable Materials: Multi-scalar Characterization of Raw Materials; Tarragona; España; 2021; 119-119
978-84-09-33737-8
CONICET Digital
CONICET
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