Economic inequality is fueled by population scale, land-limited production, and settlement hierarchies across the archaeological record
- Autores
- Kohler, Timothy A.; Bogaard, Amy; Ortman, Scott G.; Crema, Enrico R.; Chirikure, Shadreck; Cruz, Pablo; Green, Adam S.; Kerig, Tim; McCoy, Mark D.; Munson, Jessica; Petrie, Cameron; Thompson, Amy E.; Birch, Jennifer; Cervantes Quequezana, Gabriela; Feinman, Gary; Fochesato, Mattia; Gronenborn, Detlef; Hamerow, Helena; Jin, Guiyun; Lawrence, Dan; Roscoe, Paul B.; Rosenstock, Eva; Grace, K. Erny; Kim, Habeom; Ohlrau, René; Hanson, J. W.; Fargher Navarro, Lane; Pailes, Matthew
- Año de publicación
- 2025
- Idioma
- inglés
- Tipo de recurso
- artículo
- Estado
- versión publicada
- Descripción
- Defining wealth broadly to include wealth in people, relational connections, and material possessions, we examine the prehistory of wealth inequality at the level of the residential units using the consistent proxy of Gini coefficients calculated across areas of contemporaneous residential units. In a sample of >1100 sites and >47,000 residential units spanning >10,000 years, persistent wealth inequality typically lags the onset of plant cultivation by more than a millennium. It accompanies landscape modifications and subsistence practices in which land (rather than labor) limits production, and growth of hierarchies of settlement size. Gini coefficients are markedly higher through time in settlements at or near the top of such hierarchies; settlements not enmeshed in these systems remain relatively egalitarian even long after plant and animal domestication. We infer that some households in top-ranked settlements were able to exploit the network effects, agglomeration opportunities, and (eventually) political leverage provided by these hierarchies more effectively than others, likely boosted by efficient inter-generational transmission of material resources after increased sedentism made that more common. Since population growth is associated with increased sedentism, more land-limited production, and the appearance and growth of settlement hierarchies, it is deeply implicated in the post-domestication rise of wealth inequality. Governance practices mediate the degree of wealth inequality, as do technical innovations such as the use of animals for portage, horseback riding, and the development of iron smelting.
Fil: Kohler, Timothy A.. Washington State University; Estados Unidos
Fil: Bogaard, Amy. University of Oxford; Reino Unido
Fil: Ortman, Scott G.. State University of Colorado at Boulder; Estados Unidos
Fil: Crema, Enrico R.. University of Cambridge; Reino Unido
Fil: Chirikure, Shadreck. University of Oxford; Reino Unido
Fil: Cruz, Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Unidad Ejecutora en Ciencias Sociales Regionales y Humanidades. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Unidad Ejecutora en Ciencias Sociales Regionales y Humanidades; Argentina
Fil: Green, Adam S.. University of York; Reino Unido
Fil: Kerig, Tim. Christian Albrechts Universitat Zu Kiel.; Alemania
Fil: McCoy, Mark D.. Florida State University; Estados Unidos
Fil: Munson, Jessica. Lycoming College; Estados Unidos
Fil: Petrie, Cameron. University of Cambridge; Reino Unido
Fil: Thompson, Amy E.. University of Texas at Austin; Estados Unidos
Fil: Birch, Jennifer. University of Georgia; Estados Unidos
Fil: Cervantes Quequezana, Gabriela. University of Pittsburgh; Estados Unidos
Fil: Feinman, Gary. Field Museum Of Natural History; Estados Unidos
Fil: Fochesato, Mattia. Universita Bocconi; Italia
Fil: Gronenborn, Detlef. Romisch-germanisches Zentralmuseum; Alemania
Fil: Hamerow, Helena. University of Oxford; Reino Unido
Fil: Jin, Guiyun. Shandong University; China
Fil: Lawrence, Dan. University of Durham; Reino Unido
Fil: Roscoe, Paul B.. The University Of Maine (the University Of Maine);
Fil: Rosenstock, Eva. Rheinische Friedrich-wilhelms-universitat Bonn; Alemania
Fil: Grace, K. Erny. University of California at Berkeley; Estados Unidos
Fil: Kim, Habeom. No especifíca;
Fil: Ohlrau, René. Christian-albrechts-universität Zu Kiel; Alemania
Fil: Hanson, J. W.. University of Oxford; Reino Unido
Fil: Fargher Navarro, Lane. Ohio State University; Estados Unidos
Fil: Pailes, Matthew. Oklahoma State University; Estados Unidos - Materia
-
INEQUALITY
PREHISTORY
ASIA
EUROPE
AMERICAS - Nivel de accesibilidad
- acceso abierto
- Condiciones de uso
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ar/
- Repositorio
.jpg)
- Institución
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
- OAI Identificador
- oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/267273
Ver los metadatos del registro completo
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Economic inequality is fueled by population scale, land-limited production, and settlement hierarchies across the archaeological recordKohler, Timothy A.Bogaard, AmyOrtman, Scott G.Crema, Enrico R.Chirikure, ShadreckCruz, PabloGreen, Adam S.Kerig, TimMcCoy, Mark D.Munson, JessicaPetrie, CameronThompson, Amy E.Birch, JenniferCervantes Quequezana, GabrielaFeinman, GaryFochesato, MattiaGronenborn, DetlefHamerow, HelenaJin, GuiyunLawrence, DanRoscoe, Paul B.Rosenstock, EvaGrace, K. ErnyKim, HabeomOhlrau, RenéHanson, J. W.Fargher Navarro, LanePailes, MatthewINEQUALITYPREHISTORYASIAEUROPEAMERICAShttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/6.1https://purl.org/becyt/ford/6Defining wealth broadly to include wealth in people, relational connections, and material possessions, we examine the prehistory of wealth inequality at the level of the residential units using the consistent proxy of Gini coefficients calculated across areas of contemporaneous residential units. In a sample of >1100 sites and >47,000 residential units spanning >10,000 years, persistent wealth inequality typically lags the onset of plant cultivation by more than a millennium. It accompanies landscape modifications and subsistence practices in which land (rather than labor) limits production, and growth of hierarchies of settlement size. Gini coefficients are markedly higher through time in settlements at or near the top of such hierarchies; settlements not enmeshed in these systems remain relatively egalitarian even long after plant and animal domestication. We infer that some households in top-ranked settlements were able to exploit the network effects, agglomeration opportunities, and (eventually) political leverage provided by these hierarchies more effectively than others, likely boosted by efficient inter-generational transmission of material resources after increased sedentism made that more common. Since population growth is associated with increased sedentism, more land-limited production, and the appearance and growth of settlement hierarchies, it is deeply implicated in the post-domestication rise of wealth inequality. Governance practices mediate the degree of wealth inequality, as do technical innovations such as the use of animals for portage, horseback riding, and the development of iron smelting.Fil: Kohler, Timothy A.. Washington State University; Estados UnidosFil: Bogaard, Amy. University of Oxford; Reino UnidoFil: Ortman, Scott G.. State University of Colorado at Boulder; Estados UnidosFil: Crema, Enrico R.. University of Cambridge; Reino UnidoFil: Chirikure, Shadreck. University of Oxford; Reino UnidoFil: Cruz, Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Unidad Ejecutora en Ciencias Sociales Regionales y Humanidades. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Unidad Ejecutora en Ciencias Sociales Regionales y Humanidades; ArgentinaFil: Green, Adam S.. University of York; Reino UnidoFil: Kerig, Tim. Christian Albrechts Universitat Zu Kiel.; AlemaniaFil: McCoy, Mark D.. Florida State University; Estados UnidosFil: Munson, Jessica. Lycoming College; Estados UnidosFil: Petrie, Cameron. University of Cambridge; Reino UnidoFil: Thompson, Amy E.. University of Texas at Austin; Estados UnidosFil: Birch, Jennifer. University of Georgia; Estados UnidosFil: Cervantes Quequezana, Gabriela. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Feinman, Gary. Field Museum Of Natural History; Estados UnidosFil: Fochesato, Mattia. Universita Bocconi; ItaliaFil: Gronenborn, Detlef. Romisch-germanisches Zentralmuseum; AlemaniaFil: Hamerow, Helena. University of Oxford; Reino UnidoFil: Jin, Guiyun. Shandong University; ChinaFil: Lawrence, Dan. University of Durham; Reino UnidoFil: Roscoe, Paul B.. The University Of Maine (the University Of Maine);Fil: Rosenstock, Eva. Rheinische Friedrich-wilhelms-universitat Bonn; AlemaniaFil: Grace, K. Erny. University of California at Berkeley; Estados UnidosFil: Kim, Habeom. No especifíca;Fil: Ohlrau, René. Christian-albrechts-universität Zu Kiel; AlemaniaFil: Hanson, J. W.. University of Oxford; Reino UnidoFil: Fargher Navarro, Lane. Ohio State University; Estados UnidosFil: Pailes, Matthew. Oklahoma State University; Estados UnidosNational Academy of Sciences2025-04-14info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/267273Kohler, Timothy A.; Bogaard, Amy; Ortman, Scott G.; Crema, Enrico R.; Chirikure, Shadreck; et al.; Economic inequality is fueled by population scale, land-limited production, and settlement hierarchies across the archaeological record; National Academy of Sciences; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of The United States of America; 122; 16; 14-4-2025; 1-120027-84241091-6490CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1073/pnas.2400691122info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2400691122info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-09-29T09:32:40Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/267273instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-09-29 09:32:40.951CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Economic inequality is fueled by population scale, land-limited production, and settlement hierarchies across the archaeological record |
| title |
Economic inequality is fueled by population scale, land-limited production, and settlement hierarchies across the archaeological record |
| spellingShingle |
Economic inequality is fueled by population scale, land-limited production, and settlement hierarchies across the archaeological record Kohler, Timothy A. INEQUALITY PREHISTORY ASIA EUROPE AMERICAS |
| title_short |
Economic inequality is fueled by population scale, land-limited production, and settlement hierarchies across the archaeological record |
| title_full |
Economic inequality is fueled by population scale, land-limited production, and settlement hierarchies across the archaeological record |
| title_fullStr |
Economic inequality is fueled by population scale, land-limited production, and settlement hierarchies across the archaeological record |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Economic inequality is fueled by population scale, land-limited production, and settlement hierarchies across the archaeological record |
| title_sort |
Economic inequality is fueled by population scale, land-limited production, and settlement hierarchies across the archaeological record |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
Kohler, Timothy A. Bogaard, Amy Ortman, Scott G. Crema, Enrico R. Chirikure, Shadreck Cruz, Pablo Green, Adam S. Kerig, Tim McCoy, Mark D. Munson, Jessica Petrie, Cameron Thompson, Amy E. Birch, Jennifer Cervantes Quequezana, Gabriela Feinman, Gary Fochesato, Mattia Gronenborn, Detlef Hamerow, Helena Jin, Guiyun Lawrence, Dan Roscoe, Paul B. Rosenstock, Eva Grace, K. Erny Kim, Habeom Ohlrau, René Hanson, J. W. Fargher Navarro, Lane Pailes, Matthew |
| author |
Kohler, Timothy A. |
| author_facet |
Kohler, Timothy A. Bogaard, Amy Ortman, Scott G. Crema, Enrico R. Chirikure, Shadreck Cruz, Pablo Green, Adam S. Kerig, Tim McCoy, Mark D. Munson, Jessica Petrie, Cameron Thompson, Amy E. Birch, Jennifer Cervantes Quequezana, Gabriela Feinman, Gary Fochesato, Mattia Gronenborn, Detlef Hamerow, Helena Jin, Guiyun Lawrence, Dan Roscoe, Paul B. Rosenstock, Eva Grace, K. Erny Kim, Habeom Ohlrau, René Hanson, J. W. Fargher Navarro, Lane Pailes, Matthew |
| author_role |
author |
| author2 |
Bogaard, Amy Ortman, Scott G. Crema, Enrico R. Chirikure, Shadreck Cruz, Pablo Green, Adam S. Kerig, Tim McCoy, Mark D. Munson, Jessica Petrie, Cameron Thompson, Amy E. Birch, Jennifer Cervantes Quequezana, Gabriela Feinman, Gary Fochesato, Mattia Gronenborn, Detlef Hamerow, Helena Jin, Guiyun Lawrence, Dan Roscoe, Paul B. Rosenstock, Eva Grace, K. Erny Kim, Habeom Ohlrau, René Hanson, J. W. Fargher Navarro, Lane Pailes, Matthew |
| author2_role |
author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
INEQUALITY PREHISTORY ASIA EUROPE AMERICAS |
| topic |
INEQUALITY PREHISTORY ASIA EUROPE AMERICAS |
| purl_subject.fl_str_mv |
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/6.1 https://purl.org/becyt/ford/6 |
| dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv |
Defining wealth broadly to include wealth in people, relational connections, and material possessions, we examine the prehistory of wealth inequality at the level of the residential units using the consistent proxy of Gini coefficients calculated across areas of contemporaneous residential units. In a sample of >1100 sites and >47,000 residential units spanning >10,000 years, persistent wealth inequality typically lags the onset of plant cultivation by more than a millennium. It accompanies landscape modifications and subsistence practices in which land (rather than labor) limits production, and growth of hierarchies of settlement size. Gini coefficients are markedly higher through time in settlements at or near the top of such hierarchies; settlements not enmeshed in these systems remain relatively egalitarian even long after plant and animal domestication. We infer that some households in top-ranked settlements were able to exploit the network effects, agglomeration opportunities, and (eventually) political leverage provided by these hierarchies more effectively than others, likely boosted by efficient inter-generational transmission of material resources after increased sedentism made that more common. Since population growth is associated with increased sedentism, more land-limited production, and the appearance and growth of settlement hierarchies, it is deeply implicated in the post-domestication rise of wealth inequality. Governance practices mediate the degree of wealth inequality, as do technical innovations such as the use of animals for portage, horseback riding, and the development of iron smelting. Fil: Kohler, Timothy A.. Washington State University; Estados Unidos Fil: Bogaard, Amy. University of Oxford; Reino Unido Fil: Ortman, Scott G.. State University of Colorado at Boulder; Estados Unidos Fil: Crema, Enrico R.. University of Cambridge; Reino Unido Fil: Chirikure, Shadreck. University of Oxford; Reino Unido Fil: Cruz, Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Unidad Ejecutora en Ciencias Sociales Regionales y Humanidades. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Unidad Ejecutora en Ciencias Sociales Regionales y Humanidades; Argentina Fil: Green, Adam S.. University of York; Reino Unido Fil: Kerig, Tim. Christian Albrechts Universitat Zu Kiel.; Alemania Fil: McCoy, Mark D.. Florida State University; Estados Unidos Fil: Munson, Jessica. Lycoming College; Estados Unidos Fil: Petrie, Cameron. University of Cambridge; Reino Unido Fil: Thompson, Amy E.. University of Texas at Austin; Estados Unidos Fil: Birch, Jennifer. University of Georgia; Estados Unidos Fil: Cervantes Quequezana, Gabriela. University of Pittsburgh; Estados Unidos Fil: Feinman, Gary. Field Museum Of Natural History; Estados Unidos Fil: Fochesato, Mattia. Universita Bocconi; Italia Fil: Gronenborn, Detlef. Romisch-germanisches Zentralmuseum; Alemania Fil: Hamerow, Helena. University of Oxford; Reino Unido Fil: Jin, Guiyun. Shandong University; China Fil: Lawrence, Dan. University of Durham; Reino Unido Fil: Roscoe, Paul B.. The University Of Maine (the University Of Maine); Fil: Rosenstock, Eva. Rheinische Friedrich-wilhelms-universitat Bonn; Alemania Fil: Grace, K. Erny. University of California at Berkeley; Estados Unidos Fil: Kim, Habeom. No especifíca; Fil: Ohlrau, René. Christian-albrechts-universität Zu Kiel; Alemania Fil: Hanson, J. W.. University of Oxford; Reino Unido Fil: Fargher Navarro, Lane. Ohio State University; Estados Unidos Fil: Pailes, Matthew. Oklahoma State University; Estados Unidos |
| description |
Defining wealth broadly to include wealth in people, relational connections, and material possessions, we examine the prehistory of wealth inequality at the level of the residential units using the consistent proxy of Gini coefficients calculated across areas of contemporaneous residential units. In a sample of >1100 sites and >47,000 residential units spanning >10,000 years, persistent wealth inequality typically lags the onset of plant cultivation by more than a millennium. It accompanies landscape modifications and subsistence practices in which land (rather than labor) limits production, and growth of hierarchies of settlement size. Gini coefficients are markedly higher through time in settlements at or near the top of such hierarchies; settlements not enmeshed in these systems remain relatively egalitarian even long after plant and animal domestication. We infer that some households in top-ranked settlements were able to exploit the network effects, agglomeration opportunities, and (eventually) political leverage provided by these hierarchies more effectively than others, likely boosted by efficient inter-generational transmission of material resources after increased sedentism made that more common. Since population growth is associated with increased sedentism, more land-limited production, and the appearance and growth of settlement hierarchies, it is deeply implicated in the post-domestication rise of wealth inequality. Governance practices mediate the degree of wealth inequality, as do technical innovations such as the use of animals for portage, horseback riding, and the development of iron smelting. |
| publishDate |
2025 |
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2025-04-14 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo |
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article |
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publishedVersion |
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http://hdl.handle.net/11336/267273 Kohler, Timothy A.; Bogaard, Amy; Ortman, Scott G.; Crema, Enrico R.; Chirikure, Shadreck; et al.; Economic inequality is fueled by population scale, land-limited production, and settlement hierarchies across the archaeological record; National Academy of Sciences; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of The United States of America; 122; 16; 14-4-2025; 1-12 0027-8424 1091-6490 CONICET Digital CONICET |
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http://hdl.handle.net/11336/267273 |
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Kohler, Timothy A.; Bogaard, Amy; Ortman, Scott G.; Crema, Enrico R.; Chirikure, Shadreck; et al.; Economic inequality is fueled by population scale, land-limited production, and settlement hierarchies across the archaeological record; National Academy of Sciences; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of The United States of America; 122; 16; 14-4-2025; 1-12 0027-8424 1091-6490 CONICET Digital CONICET |
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eng |
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National Academy of Sciences |
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National Academy of Sciences |
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