Ballasting a Mid-19th Century Chilean Navy Armed Transport: Archaeometallurgical Insights into Cast Iron Ingots Recovered from the Barque Infatigable (1855)

Autores
Carabias, Diego; Ciarlo, Nicolás Carlos; Araya, Carolina; Morales, Carla; Gutiérrez, Felipe
Año de publicación
2023
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Ballast is essential for vessels to lower their centre of gravity, improve stability, and ease their motion during sailing. During the modern period, heavy materials used for ballasting ships were an issue of particular concern for both authorities and ship owners, subjected to increasing control, regulation, and standardisation. These items represent a very common find in wreck sites and deserve special attention, as their characteristics, distribution, and provenance can deliver critical information for assessing where the vessel was ballasted, sailing routes, ship tonnage, and site formation processes. This article is centred on pig iron ingots, introduced in the early 18th century in sailing warships and shortly thereafter in sizeable merchant vessels, a type of ballast which is frequently overlooked in archaeological research. In particular, specimens retrieved from the Chilean Navy armed transport Infatigable (1855) were analysed through macroscopic and physicochemical characterisation using LM, SEM-EDS, WD-XRF, and IGF. The results obtained indicate the ingots were manufactured with cast iron of different quality, suggesting they may have come from different production centres. The investigation resulted in a better understanding of ballasting practices on a South American navy ship in the early post-independence period and provided new data for discussions of off-site and non-nautical technological issues, such as the materials, knowledge, and techniques associated with the production of pig iron in the mid-19th century.
Fil: Carabias, Diego. Millennium Nucleus Ocean, Heritage & Culture; Chile. Arka - Arqueología Marítima; Chile. Centro de Investigación En Arqueología Marítima; Chile
Fil: Ciarlo, Nicolás Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Arqueología; Argentina
Fil: Araya, Carolina. Investigadora Independiente; Chile
Fil: Morales, Carla. Centro de Investigación En Arqueología Marítima; Chile
Fil: Gutiérrez, Felipe. Universidad de Santiago de Chile; Chile
Materia
ARMED TRANSPORT
BALLAST
CHILEAN NAVY
METALLURGY
NAUTICAL ARCHAEOLOGY
PIG IRON
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Institución
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
OAI Identificador
oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/219766
Acceder
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network_name_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
spelling Ballasting a Mid-19th Century Chilean Navy Armed Transport: Archaeometallurgical Insights into Cast Iron Ingots Recovered from the Barque Infatigable (1855)Carabias, DiegoCiarlo, Nicolás CarlosAraya, CarolinaMorales, CarlaGutiérrez, FelipeARMED TRANSPORTBALLASTCHILEAN NAVYMETALLURGYNAUTICAL ARCHAEOLOGYPIG IRONhttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/6.1https://purl.org/becyt/ford/6Ballast is essential for vessels to lower their centre of gravity, improve stability, and ease their motion during sailing. During the modern period, heavy materials used for ballasting ships were an issue of particular concern for both authorities and ship owners, subjected to increasing control, regulation, and standardisation. These items represent a very common find in wreck sites and deserve special attention, as their characteristics, distribution, and provenance can deliver critical information for assessing where the vessel was ballasted, sailing routes, ship tonnage, and site formation processes. This article is centred on pig iron ingots, introduced in the early 18th century in sailing warships and shortly thereafter in sizeable merchant vessels, a type of ballast which is frequently overlooked in archaeological research. In particular, specimens retrieved from the Chilean Navy armed transport Infatigable (1855) were analysed through macroscopic and physicochemical characterisation using LM, SEM-EDS, WD-XRF, and IGF. The results obtained indicate the ingots were manufactured with cast iron of different quality, suggesting they may have come from different production centres. The investigation resulted in a better understanding of ballasting practices on a South American navy ship in the early post-independence period and provided new data for discussions of off-site and non-nautical technological issues, such as the materials, knowledge, and techniques associated with the production of pig iron in the mid-19th century.Fil: Carabias, Diego. Millennium Nucleus Ocean, Heritage & Culture; Chile. Arka - Arqueología Marítima; Chile. Centro de Investigación En Arqueología Marítima; ChileFil: Ciarlo, Nicolás Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Arqueología; ArgentinaFil: Araya, Carolina. Investigadora Independiente; ChileFil: Morales, Carla. Centro de Investigación En Arqueología Marítima; ChileFil: Gutiérrez, Felipe. Universidad de Santiago de Chile; ChileMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute2023-02info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/219766Carabias, Diego; Ciarlo, Nicolás Carlos; Araya, Carolina; Morales, Carla; Gutiérrez, Felipe; Ballasting a Mid-19th Century Chilean Navy Armed Transport: Archaeometallurgical Insights into Cast Iron Ingots Recovered from the Barque Infatigable (1855); Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; Heritage; 6; 2; 2-2023; 2126-21512571-9408CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://www.mdpi.com/2571-9408/6/2/114info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.3390/heritage6020114info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-09-29T09:59:44Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/219766instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-09-29 09:59:45.288CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Ballasting a Mid-19th Century Chilean Navy Armed Transport: Archaeometallurgical Insights into Cast Iron Ingots Recovered from the Barque Infatigable (1855)
title Ballasting a Mid-19th Century Chilean Navy Armed Transport: Archaeometallurgical Insights into Cast Iron Ingots Recovered from the Barque Infatigable (1855)
spellingShingle Ballasting a Mid-19th Century Chilean Navy Armed Transport: Archaeometallurgical Insights into Cast Iron Ingots Recovered from the Barque Infatigable (1855)
Carabias, Diego
ARMED TRANSPORT
BALLAST
CHILEAN NAVY
METALLURGY
NAUTICAL ARCHAEOLOGY
PIG IRON
title_short Ballasting a Mid-19th Century Chilean Navy Armed Transport: Archaeometallurgical Insights into Cast Iron Ingots Recovered from the Barque Infatigable (1855)
title_full Ballasting a Mid-19th Century Chilean Navy Armed Transport: Archaeometallurgical Insights into Cast Iron Ingots Recovered from the Barque Infatigable (1855)
title_fullStr Ballasting a Mid-19th Century Chilean Navy Armed Transport: Archaeometallurgical Insights into Cast Iron Ingots Recovered from the Barque Infatigable (1855)
title_full_unstemmed Ballasting a Mid-19th Century Chilean Navy Armed Transport: Archaeometallurgical Insights into Cast Iron Ingots Recovered from the Barque Infatigable (1855)
title_sort Ballasting a Mid-19th Century Chilean Navy Armed Transport: Archaeometallurgical Insights into Cast Iron Ingots Recovered from the Barque Infatigable (1855)
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Carabias, Diego
Ciarlo, Nicolás Carlos
Araya, Carolina
Morales, Carla
Gutiérrez, Felipe
author Carabias, Diego
author_facet Carabias, Diego
Ciarlo, Nicolás Carlos
Araya, Carolina
Morales, Carla
Gutiérrez, Felipe
author_role author
author2 Ciarlo, Nicolás Carlos
Araya, Carolina
Morales, Carla
Gutiérrez, Felipe
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv ARMED TRANSPORT
BALLAST
CHILEAN NAVY
METALLURGY
NAUTICAL ARCHAEOLOGY
PIG IRON
topic ARMED TRANSPORT
BALLAST
CHILEAN NAVY
METALLURGY
NAUTICAL ARCHAEOLOGY
PIG IRON
purl_subject.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/becyt/ford/6.1
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/6
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Ballast is essential for vessels to lower their centre of gravity, improve stability, and ease their motion during sailing. During the modern period, heavy materials used for ballasting ships were an issue of particular concern for both authorities and ship owners, subjected to increasing control, regulation, and standardisation. These items represent a very common find in wreck sites and deserve special attention, as their characteristics, distribution, and provenance can deliver critical information for assessing where the vessel was ballasted, sailing routes, ship tonnage, and site formation processes. This article is centred on pig iron ingots, introduced in the early 18th century in sailing warships and shortly thereafter in sizeable merchant vessels, a type of ballast which is frequently overlooked in archaeological research. In particular, specimens retrieved from the Chilean Navy armed transport Infatigable (1855) were analysed through macroscopic and physicochemical characterisation using LM, SEM-EDS, WD-XRF, and IGF. The results obtained indicate the ingots were manufactured with cast iron of different quality, suggesting they may have come from different production centres. The investigation resulted in a better understanding of ballasting practices on a South American navy ship in the early post-independence period and provided new data for discussions of off-site and non-nautical technological issues, such as the materials, knowledge, and techniques associated with the production of pig iron in the mid-19th century.
Fil: Carabias, Diego. Millennium Nucleus Ocean, Heritage & Culture; Chile. Arka - Arqueología Marítima; Chile. Centro de Investigación En Arqueología Marítima; Chile
Fil: Ciarlo, Nicolás Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Arqueología; Argentina
Fil: Araya, Carolina. Investigadora Independiente; Chile
Fil: Morales, Carla. Centro de Investigación En Arqueología Marítima; Chile
Fil: Gutiérrez, Felipe. Universidad de Santiago de Chile; Chile
description Ballast is essential for vessels to lower their centre of gravity, improve stability, and ease their motion during sailing. During the modern period, heavy materials used for ballasting ships were an issue of particular concern for both authorities and ship owners, subjected to increasing control, regulation, and standardisation. These items represent a very common find in wreck sites and deserve special attention, as their characteristics, distribution, and provenance can deliver critical information for assessing where the vessel was ballasted, sailing routes, ship tonnage, and site formation processes. This article is centred on pig iron ingots, introduced in the early 18th century in sailing warships and shortly thereafter in sizeable merchant vessels, a type of ballast which is frequently overlooked in archaeological research. In particular, specimens retrieved from the Chilean Navy armed transport Infatigable (1855) were analysed through macroscopic and physicochemical characterisation using LM, SEM-EDS, WD-XRF, and IGF. The results obtained indicate the ingots were manufactured with cast iron of different quality, suggesting they may have come from different production centres. The investigation resulted in a better understanding of ballasting practices on a South American navy ship in the early post-independence period and provided new data for discussions of off-site and non-nautical technological issues, such as the materials, knowledge, and techniques associated with the production of pig iron in the mid-19th century.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2023-02
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11336/219766
Carabias, Diego; Ciarlo, Nicolás Carlos; Araya, Carolina; Morales, Carla; Gutiérrez, Felipe; Ballasting a Mid-19th Century Chilean Navy Armed Transport: Archaeometallurgical Insights into Cast Iron Ingots Recovered from the Barque Infatigable (1855); Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; Heritage; 6; 2; 2-2023; 2126-2151
2571-9408
CONICET Digital
CONICET
url http://hdl.handle.net/11336/219766
identifier_str_mv Carabias, Diego; Ciarlo, Nicolás Carlos; Araya, Carolina; Morales, Carla; Gutiérrez, Felipe; Ballasting a Mid-19th Century Chilean Navy Armed Transport: Archaeometallurgical Insights into Cast Iron Ingots Recovered from the Barque Infatigable (1855); Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; Heritage; 6; 2; 2-2023; 2126-2151
2571-9408
CONICET Digital
CONICET
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://www.mdpi.com/2571-9408/6/2/114
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.3390/heritage6020114
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
reponame_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
collection CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname_str Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.name.fl_str_mv CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.mail.fl_str_mv dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar
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score 13.070432

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