Isoform Selectivity of Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors: Characterization of Known and Novel Compounds

• Autores: Brand, Cameron S.; Jocker, Harrison J.; Gorfe, Alemayehu A.; Cavasotto, Claudio Norberto; Dessauer, Carmen W.
• Año de publicación: 2013
• Idioma: inglés
• Tipo de recurso: artículo
• Materia: Adenylyl Cyclase; Docking; Inhibitor Selectivity; Autodock
• Institución: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

Nine membrane-bound adenylyl cyclase (AC) isoforms catalyze the production of the second messenger cyclic AMP (cAMP) in response to various stimuli. Reduction of AC activity has well documented benefits, including benefits for heart disease and pain. These roles have inspired development of isoform-selective AC inhibitors, a lack of which currently limits exploration of functions and/or treatment of dysfunctions involving AC/cAMP signaling. However, inhibitors described as AC5- or AC1-selective have not been screened against the full panel of AC isoforms. We have measured pharmacological inhibitor profiles for all transmembrane AC isoforms. We found that 9-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-9H-purin-6-amine (SQ22,536), 2-amino-7-(furanyl)-7,8-dihydro-5(6H)-quinazolinone (NKY80), and adenine 9-β-d-arabinofuranoside (Ara-A), described as supposedly AC5-selective, do not discriminate between AC5 and AC6, whereas the putative AC1-selective inhibitor 5-​[[2-​(6-​amino-​9H-​purin-​9-​yl)​ethyl]​amino]​-​1-​pentanol (NB001) does not directly target AC1 to reduce cAMP levels. A structure-based virtual screen targeting the ATP binding site of AC was used to identify novel chemical structures that show some preference for AC1 or AC2. Mutation of the AC2 forskolin binding pocket does not interfere with inhibition by SQ22,536 or the novel AC2 inhibitor, suggesting binding to the catalytic site. Thus, we show that compounds lacking the adenine chemical signature and targeting the ATP binding site can potentially be used to develop AC isoform–specific inhibitors, and discuss the need to reinterpret literature using AC5/6-selective molecules SQ22,536, NKY80, and Ara-A.
Fil: Brand, Cameron S.. University Of Texas; Estados Unidos
Fil: Jocker, Harrison J.. University Of Texas; Estados Unidos
Fil: Gorfe, Alemayehu A.. University Of Texas; Estados Unidos
Fil: Cavasotto, Claudio Norberto. University Of Texas; Estados Unidos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires; Argentina
Fil: Dessauer, Carmen W.. University Of Texas; Estados Unidos