Anthropogenic, Direct Pressures on Coastal Wetlands

• Autores: Newton, Alice; Icely, John; Cristina, Sonia; Perillo, Gerardo Miguel E.; Turner, R. Eugene; Ashan, Dewan; Cragg, Simon; Luo, Yongming; Tu, Chen; Li, Yuan; Zhang, Haibo; Ramesh, Ramachandran; Forbes, Donald L.; Solidoro, Cosimo; Béjaoui, Béchir; Gao, Shu; Pastres, Roberto; Kelsey, Heath; Taillie, Dylan; Nhan, Nguyen; Brito, Ana C.; Lima, Ricardo de; Kuenzer, Claudia
• Año de publicación: 2020
• Idioma: inglés
• Tipo de recurso: artículo
• Materia: CLIMATE CHANGE; COASTAL WETLAND; MANGROVE; PRESSURE; SALT MARSH; SEAGRASS; STATE AND IMPACT ON HUMAN WELFARE; SUSTAINABILITY
• Institución: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

Coastal wetlands, such as saltmarshes and mangroves that fringe transitional waters, deliver important ecosystem services that support human development. Coastal wetlands are complex social-ecological systems that occur at all latitudes, from polar regions to the tropics. This overview covers wetlands in five continents. The wetlands are of varying size, catchment size, human population and stages of economic development. Economic sectors and activities in and around the coastal wetlands and their catchments exert multiple, direct pressures. These pressures affect the state of the wetland environment, ecology and valuable ecosystem services. All the coastal wetlands were found to be affected in some ways, irrespective of the conservation status. The main economic sectors were agriculture, animal rearing including aquaculture, fisheries, tourism, urbanization, shipping, industrial development and mining. Specific human activities include land reclamation, damming, draining and water extraction, construction of ponds for aquaculture and salt extraction, construction of ports and marinas, dredging, discharge of effluents from urban and industrial areas and logging, in the case of mangroves, subsistence hunting and oil and gas extraction. The main pressures were loss of wetland habitat, changes in connectivity affecting hydrology and sedimentology, as well as contamination and pollution. These pressures lead to changes in environmental state, such as erosion, subsidence and hypoxia that threaten the sustainability of the wetlands. There are also changes in the state of the ecology, such as loss of saltmarsh plants and seagrasses, and mangrove trees, in tropical wetlands. Changes in the structure and function of the wetland ecosystems affect ecosystem services that are often underestimated. The loss of ecosystem services impacts human welfare as well as the regulation of climate change by coastal wetlands. These cumulative impacts and multi-stressors are further aggravated by indirect pressures, such as sea-level rise.
Fil: Newton, Alice. Universidad de Algarve; Portugal. Norsk Institutt For Luftforskning; Noruega
Fil: Icely, John. Universidad de Algarve; Portugal. Sagremarisco-viveiros de Marisco; Portugal
Fil: Cristina, Sonia. Universidad de Algarve; Portugal
Fil: Perillo, Gerardo Miguel E.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; Argentina
Fil: Turner, R. Eugene. State University of Louisiana; Estados Unidos
Fil: Ashan, Dewan. University of Southern Denmark; Dinamarca
Fil: Cragg, Simon. University Of Portsmouth; Reino Unido
Fil: Luo, Yongming. Chinese Academy of Sciences; República de China
Fil: Tu, Chen. Chinese Academy of Sciences; República de China
Fil: Li, Yuan. Chinese Academy of Sciences; República de China
Fil: Zhang, Haibo. Chinese Academy of Sciences; República de China. Zhejiang A&F University; China
Fil: Ramesh, Ramachandran. Government of India. Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change. National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management ; India. Anna University Campus; India
Fil: Forbes, Donald L.. Bedford Institute of Oceanography; Canadá
Fil: Solidoro, Cosimo. Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale; Italia
Fil: Béjaoui, Béchir. Marine Environment Laboratory; Túnez
Fil: Gao, Shu. East China Normal University; China
Fil: Pastres, Roberto. Università Ca Foscari Venezia; Italia
Fil: Kelsey, Heath. University of Maryland. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science; Estados Unidos
Fil: Taillie, Dylan. University of Maryland. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science; Estados Unidos
Fil: Nhan, Nguyen. Vietnam Academy For Water Resources,; Vietnam
Fil: Brito, Ana C.. Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Ciências. Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente; Portugal
Fil: Lima, Ricardo de. Universidade de Lisboa; Portugal
Fil: Kuenzer, Claudia. German Aerospace Center; Alemania