From mammals back to birds: Host-switch of the acanthocephalan Corynosoma australe from pinnipeds to the Magellanic penguin Spheniscus magellanicus

• Autores: Hernández Orts, Jesús Servando; Brandão, Martha; Georgieva, Simona; Raga, Juan Antonio; Crespo, Enrique Alberto; Luque, José Luis; Aznar Avendaño, Francisco Javier
• Año de publicación: 2017
• Idioma: inglés
• Tipo de recurso: artículo
• Materia: MAGELLANIC PENGUIN; PINNIPEDS
• Institución: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

Trophically-transmitted parasites are regularly exposed to potential new hosts through food web interactions. Successful colonization, or switching, to novel hosts, occur readily when ?donor? and ?target? hosts are phylogenetically related, whereas switching between distantly related hosts is rare and may result from stochastic factors (i.e. rare favourable mutations). This study investigates a host-switching event between a marine acanthocephalan specific to pinnipeds that is apparently able to reproduce in Magellanic penguins Spheniscus magellanicus from Brazil. Detailed analysis of morphological and morphometrical data from acanthocephalans from penguins indicates that they belong to Corynosoma australe Johnston, 1937. Partial fragments of the 28S rRNA and mitochondrial cox1 genes were amplified from isolates from penguins and two pinniped species (i.e. South American sea lion Otaria flavescens and South American fur seal Arctocephalus australis) to confirm this identification. Infection parameters clearly differ between penguins and the two pinniped species, which were significantly lower in S. magellanicus. The sex ratio of C. australe also differed between penguins and pinnipeds; in S. magellanicus was strongly biased against males, while in pinnipeds it was close to 1:1. Females of C. australe from O. flavescens were smaller than those from S. magellanicus and A. australis. However, fecundity (i.e. the proportion of fully developed eggs) was lower and more variable in females collected from S. magellanicus. At first glance, the occurrence of reproductive individuals of C. australe in Magellanic penguins could be interpreted as an adaptive colonization of a novel avian host through favourable mutations. However, it could also be considered, perhaps more likely, as an example of ecological fitting through the use of a plesimorphic (host) resource, since the ancestors of Corynosoma infected aquatic birds.
Fil: Hernández Orts, Jesús Servando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro de Investigacion Aplicada y Transferencia Tecnologica En Recursos Marinos "almirante Storni". - Provincia de Rio Negro. Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganaderia y Pesca. Centro de Investigacion Aplicada y Transferencia Tecnologica En Recursos Marinos "almirante Storni". - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagonico. Centro de Investigacion Aplicada y Transferencia Tecnologica En Recursos Marinos "almirante Storni". ; Argentina; Argentina
Fil: Brandão, Martha. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil
Fil: Georgieva, Simona. Czech Academy of Sciences; República Checa
Fil: Raga, Juan Antonio. Universidad de Valencia; España
Fil: Crespo, Enrique Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia; Argentina
Fil: Luque, José Luis. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil
Fil: Aznar Avendaño, Francisco Javier. Universidad de Valencia; España