Probing the ejecta of evolved massive stars in transition: A VLT/SINFONI K-band survey
- Autores
- Oksala, M. E.; Kraus, M.; Cidale, Lydia Sonia; Muratore, M. F.; Fernandes, M. Borges
- Año de publicación
- 2013
- Idioma
- inglés
- Tipo de recurso
- artículo
- Estado
- versión publicada
- Descripción
- Massive evolved stars in transition phases, such as Luminous Blue Variables (LBVs), B[e] Supergiants (B[e]SGs), and Yellow Hypergiants (YHGs), are not well understood, and yet crucial steps in determining accurate stellar and galactic evolution models. The circumstellar environments of these stars reveal their mass-loss history, identifying clues to both their individual evolutionary status and the connection between objects of different phases. Here we present a survey of 25 such evolved massive stars (16 B[e]SGs, 6 LBVs, 2 YHGs, and 1 Peculiar Oe star), observed in the K-band with the Spectrograph for INtegral Field Observation in the Near-Infrared (SINFONI; R = 4500) on the ESO VLT UT4 8 m telescope. The sample can be split into two categories based on spectral morphology: one group includes all of the B[e]SGs, the Peculiar Oe star, and two of the LBVs, while the other includes the YHGs and the rest of the LBVs. The difference in LBV spectral appearance is due to some objects being in a quiescent phase and some objects being in an active or outburst phase. CO emission features are found in 13 of our targets, with first time detections for MWC 137, LHA 120-S 35, and LHA 115-S 65. From model fits to the CO band heads, the emitting regions appear to be detached from the stellar surface. Each star with 12CO features also shows 13CO emission, signaling an evolved nature. Based on the level of 13C enrichment, we conclude that many of the B[e]SGs are likely in a pre-Red Supergiant phase of their evolution. There appears to be a lower luminosity limit of log L/L_solar = 5.0 below which CO is not detected. The lack of CO features in several high luminosity B[e]SGs and variability in others suggests that they may in fact be LBV candidates, strengthening the connection between these two very similar transition phases.
Fil: Oksala, M. E. . Akademie ved Ceské republiky. Astronomický ústav; República Checa
Fil: Kraus, M.. Akademie ved Ceské republiky. Astronomický ústav; República Checa
Fil: Cidale, Lydia Sonia. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Instituto de Astrofísica de La Plata; Argentina
Fil: Muratore, M. F. . Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Instituto de Astrofísica de La Plata; Argentina
Fil: Fernandes, M. Borges. Ministério de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacao. Observatorio Nacional; Brasil - Materia
-
Infrared stars
Massive stars
Circumstellar matter
Evolution of stars
Spectroscopic techniques - Nivel de accesibilidad
- acceso abierto
- Condiciones de uso
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
- Repositorio
- Institución
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
- OAI Identificador
- oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/8492
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Probing the ejecta of evolved massive stars in transition: A VLT/SINFONI K-band surveyOksala, M. E. Kraus, M.Cidale, Lydia SoniaMuratore, M. F. Fernandes, M. BorgesInfrared starsMassive starsCircumstellar matterEvolution of starsSpectroscopic techniqueshttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1Massive evolved stars in transition phases, such as Luminous Blue Variables (LBVs), B[e] Supergiants (B[e]SGs), and Yellow Hypergiants (YHGs), are not well understood, and yet crucial steps in determining accurate stellar and galactic evolution models. The circumstellar environments of these stars reveal their mass-loss history, identifying clues to both their individual evolutionary status and the connection between objects of different phases. Here we present a survey of 25 such evolved massive stars (16 B[e]SGs, 6 LBVs, 2 YHGs, and 1 Peculiar Oe star), observed in the K-band with the Spectrograph for INtegral Field Observation in the Near-Infrared (SINFONI; R = 4500) on the ESO VLT UT4 8 m telescope. The sample can be split into two categories based on spectral morphology: one group includes all of the B[e]SGs, the Peculiar Oe star, and two of the LBVs, while the other includes the YHGs and the rest of the LBVs. The difference in LBV spectral appearance is due to some objects being in a quiescent phase and some objects being in an active or outburst phase. CO emission features are found in 13 of our targets, with first time detections for MWC 137, LHA 120-S 35, and LHA 115-S 65. From model fits to the CO band heads, the emitting regions appear to be detached from the stellar surface. Each star with 12CO features also shows 13CO emission, signaling an evolved nature. Based on the level of 13C enrichment, we conclude that many of the B[e]SGs are likely in a pre-Red Supergiant phase of their evolution. There appears to be a lower luminosity limit of log L/L_solar = 5.0 below which CO is not detected. The lack of CO features in several high luminosity B[e]SGs and variability in others suggests that they may in fact be LBV candidates, strengthening the connection between these two very similar transition phases.Fil: Oksala, M. E. . Akademie ved Ceské republiky. Astronomický ústav; República ChecaFil: Kraus, M.. Akademie ved Ceské republiky. Astronomický ústav; República ChecaFil: Cidale, Lydia Sonia. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Instituto de Astrofísica de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Muratore, M. F. . Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Instituto de Astrofísica de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Fernandes, M. Borges. Ministério de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacao. Observatorio Nacional; BrasilEdp Sciences2013-10info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/8492Oksala, M. E. ; Kraus, M.; Cidale, Lydia Sonia; Muratore, M. F. ; Fernandes, M. Borges; Probing the ejecta of evolved massive stars in transition: A VLT/SINFONI K-band survey; Edp Sciences; Astronomy And Astrophysics; 558; A17; 10-2013; 1-200004-6361enginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/http://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2013/10/aa21568-13/aa21568-13.htmlinfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201321568info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-09-29T09:36:17Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/8492instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-09-29 09:36:17.833CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Probing the ejecta of evolved massive stars in transition: A VLT/SINFONI K-band survey |
title |
Probing the ejecta of evolved massive stars in transition: A VLT/SINFONI K-band survey |
spellingShingle |
Probing the ejecta of evolved massive stars in transition: A VLT/SINFONI K-band survey Oksala, M. E. Infrared stars Massive stars Circumstellar matter Evolution of stars Spectroscopic techniques |
title_short |
Probing the ejecta of evolved massive stars in transition: A VLT/SINFONI K-band survey |
title_full |
Probing the ejecta of evolved massive stars in transition: A VLT/SINFONI K-band survey |
title_fullStr |
Probing the ejecta of evolved massive stars in transition: A VLT/SINFONI K-band survey |
title_full_unstemmed |
Probing the ejecta of evolved massive stars in transition: A VLT/SINFONI K-band survey |
title_sort |
Probing the ejecta of evolved massive stars in transition: A VLT/SINFONI K-band survey |
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
Oksala, M. E. Kraus, M. Cidale, Lydia Sonia Muratore, M. F. Fernandes, M. Borges |
author |
Oksala, M. E. |
author_facet |
Oksala, M. E. Kraus, M. Cidale, Lydia Sonia Muratore, M. F. Fernandes, M. Borges |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Kraus, M. Cidale, Lydia Sonia Muratore, M. F. Fernandes, M. Borges |
author2_role |
author author author author |
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
Infrared stars Massive stars Circumstellar matter Evolution of stars Spectroscopic techniques |
topic |
Infrared stars Massive stars Circumstellar matter Evolution of stars Spectroscopic techniques |
purl_subject.fl_str_mv |
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1 |
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv |
Massive evolved stars in transition phases, such as Luminous Blue Variables (LBVs), B[e] Supergiants (B[e]SGs), and Yellow Hypergiants (YHGs), are not well understood, and yet crucial steps in determining accurate stellar and galactic evolution models. The circumstellar environments of these stars reveal their mass-loss history, identifying clues to both their individual evolutionary status and the connection between objects of different phases. Here we present a survey of 25 such evolved massive stars (16 B[e]SGs, 6 LBVs, 2 YHGs, and 1 Peculiar Oe star), observed in the K-band with the Spectrograph for INtegral Field Observation in the Near-Infrared (SINFONI; R = 4500) on the ESO VLT UT4 8 m telescope. The sample can be split into two categories based on spectral morphology: one group includes all of the B[e]SGs, the Peculiar Oe star, and two of the LBVs, while the other includes the YHGs and the rest of the LBVs. The difference in LBV spectral appearance is due to some objects being in a quiescent phase and some objects being in an active or outburst phase. CO emission features are found in 13 of our targets, with first time detections for MWC 137, LHA 120-S 35, and LHA 115-S 65. From model fits to the CO band heads, the emitting regions appear to be detached from the stellar surface. Each star with 12CO features also shows 13CO emission, signaling an evolved nature. Based on the level of 13C enrichment, we conclude that many of the B[e]SGs are likely in a pre-Red Supergiant phase of their evolution. There appears to be a lower luminosity limit of log L/L_solar = 5.0 below which CO is not detected. The lack of CO features in several high luminosity B[e]SGs and variability in others suggests that they may in fact be LBV candidates, strengthening the connection between these two very similar transition phases. Fil: Oksala, M. E. . Akademie ved Ceské republiky. Astronomický ústav; República Checa Fil: Kraus, M.. Akademie ved Ceské republiky. Astronomický ústav; República Checa Fil: Cidale, Lydia Sonia. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Instituto de Astrofísica de La Plata; Argentina Fil: Muratore, M. F. . Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Instituto de Astrofísica de La Plata; Argentina Fil: Fernandes, M. Borges. Ministério de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacao. Observatorio Nacional; Brasil |
description |
Massive evolved stars in transition phases, such as Luminous Blue Variables (LBVs), B[e] Supergiants (B[e]SGs), and Yellow Hypergiants (YHGs), are not well understood, and yet crucial steps in determining accurate stellar and galactic evolution models. The circumstellar environments of these stars reveal their mass-loss history, identifying clues to both their individual evolutionary status and the connection between objects of different phases. Here we present a survey of 25 such evolved massive stars (16 B[e]SGs, 6 LBVs, 2 YHGs, and 1 Peculiar Oe star), observed in the K-band with the Spectrograph for INtegral Field Observation in the Near-Infrared (SINFONI; R = 4500) on the ESO VLT UT4 8 m telescope. The sample can be split into two categories based on spectral morphology: one group includes all of the B[e]SGs, the Peculiar Oe star, and two of the LBVs, while the other includes the YHGs and the rest of the LBVs. The difference in LBV spectral appearance is due to some objects being in a quiescent phase and some objects being in an active or outburst phase. CO emission features are found in 13 of our targets, with first time detections for MWC 137, LHA 120-S 35, and LHA 115-S 65. From model fits to the CO band heads, the emitting regions appear to be detached from the stellar surface. Each star with 12CO features also shows 13CO emission, signaling an evolved nature. Based on the level of 13C enrichment, we conclude that many of the B[e]SGs are likely in a pre-Red Supergiant phase of their evolution. There appears to be a lower luminosity limit of log L/L_solar = 5.0 below which CO is not detected. The lack of CO features in several high luminosity B[e]SGs and variability in others suggests that they may in fact be LBV candidates, strengthening the connection between these two very similar transition phases. |
publishDate |
2013 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2013-10 |
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/11336/8492 Oksala, M. E. ; Kraus, M.; Cidale, Lydia Sonia; Muratore, M. F. ; Fernandes, M. Borges; Probing the ejecta of evolved massive stars in transition: A VLT/SINFONI K-band survey; Edp Sciences; Astronomy And Astrophysics; 558; A17; 10-2013; 1-20 0004-6361 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11336/8492 |
identifier_str_mv |
Oksala, M. E. ; Kraus, M.; Cidale, Lydia Sonia; Muratore, M. F. ; Fernandes, M. Borges; Probing the ejecta of evolved massive stars in transition: A VLT/SINFONI K-band survey; Edp Sciences; Astronomy And Astrophysics; 558; A17; 10-2013; 1-20 0004-6361 |
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/http://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2013/10/aa21568-13/aa21568-13.html info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201321568 |
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/ |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf application/pdf application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Edp Sciences |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Edp Sciences |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET) instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas |
reponame_str |
CONICET Digital (CONICET) |
collection |
CONICET Digital (CONICET) |
instname_str |
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar |
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13.070432 |