Probing the ejecta of evolved massive stars in transition: A VLT/SINFONI K-band survey

Autores
Oksala, M. E.; Kraus, M.; Cidale, Lydia Sonia; Muratore, M. F.; Fernandes, M. Borges
Año de publicación
2013
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Massive evolved stars in transition phases, such as Luminous Blue Variables (LBVs), B[e] Supergiants (B[e]SGs), and Yellow Hypergiants (YHGs), are not well understood, and yet crucial steps in determining accurate stellar and galactic evolution models. The circumstellar environments of these stars reveal their mass-loss history, identifying clues to both their individual evolutionary status and the connection between objects of different phases. Here we present a survey of 25 such evolved massive stars (16 B[e]SGs, 6 LBVs, 2 YHGs, and 1 Peculiar Oe star), observed in the K-band with the Spectrograph for INtegral Field Observation in the Near-Infrared (SINFONI; R = 4500) on the ESO VLT UT4 8 m telescope. The sample can be split into two categories based on spectral morphology: one group includes all of the B[e]SGs, the Peculiar Oe star, and two of the LBVs, while the other includes the YHGs and the rest of the LBVs. The difference in LBV spectral appearance is due to some objects being in a quiescent phase and some objects being in an active or outburst phase. CO emission features are found in 13 of our targets, with first time detections for MWC 137, LHA 120-S 35, and LHA 115-S 65. From model fits to the CO band heads, the emitting regions appear to be detached from the stellar surface. Each star with 12CO features also shows 13CO emission, signaling an evolved nature. Based on the level of 13C enrichment, we conclude that many of the B[e]SGs are likely in a pre-Red Supergiant phase of their evolution. There appears to be a lower luminosity limit of log L/L_solar = 5.0 below which CO is not detected. The lack of CO features in several high luminosity B[e]SGs and variability in others suggests that they may in fact be LBV candidates, strengthening the connection between these two very similar transition phases.
Fil: Oksala, M. E. . Akademie ved Ceské republiky. Astronomický ústav; República Checa
Fil: Kraus, M.. Akademie ved Ceské republiky. Astronomický ústav; República Checa
Fil: Cidale, Lydia Sonia. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Instituto de Astrofísica de La Plata; Argentina
Fil: Muratore, M. F. . Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Instituto de Astrofísica de La Plata; Argentina
Fil: Fernandes, M. Borges. Ministério de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacao. Observatorio Nacional; Brasil
Materia
Infrared stars
Massive stars
Circumstellar matter
Evolution of stars
Spectroscopic techniques
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Institución
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
OAI Identificador
oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/8492

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network_name_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
spelling Probing the ejecta of evolved massive stars in transition: A VLT/SINFONI K-band surveyOksala, M. E. Kraus, M.Cidale, Lydia SoniaMuratore, M. F. Fernandes, M. BorgesInfrared starsMassive starsCircumstellar matterEvolution of starsSpectroscopic techniqueshttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1Massive evolved stars in transition phases, such as Luminous Blue Variables (LBVs), B[e] Supergiants (B[e]SGs), and Yellow Hypergiants (YHGs), are not well understood, and yet crucial steps in determining accurate stellar and galactic evolution models. The circumstellar environments of these stars reveal their mass-loss history, identifying clues to both their individual evolutionary status and the connection between objects of different phases. Here we present a survey of 25 such evolved massive stars (16 B[e]SGs, 6 LBVs, 2 YHGs, and 1 Peculiar Oe star), observed in the K-band with the Spectrograph for INtegral Field Observation in the Near-Infrared (SINFONI; R = 4500) on the ESO VLT UT4 8 m telescope. The sample can be split into two categories based on spectral morphology: one group includes all of the B[e]SGs, the Peculiar Oe star, and two of the LBVs, while the other includes the YHGs and the rest of the LBVs. The difference in LBV spectral appearance is due to some objects being in a quiescent phase and some objects being in an active or outburst phase. CO emission features are found in 13 of our targets, with first time detections for MWC 137, LHA 120-S 35, and LHA 115-S 65. From model fits to the CO band heads, the emitting regions appear to be detached from the stellar surface. Each star with 12CO features also shows 13CO emission, signaling an evolved nature. Based on the level of 13C enrichment, we conclude that many of the B[e]SGs are likely in a pre-Red Supergiant phase of their evolution. There appears to be a lower luminosity limit of log L/L_solar = 5.0 below which CO is not detected. The lack of CO features in several high luminosity B[e]SGs and variability in others suggests that they may in fact be LBV candidates, strengthening the connection between these two very similar transition phases.Fil: Oksala, M. E. . Akademie ved Ceské republiky. Astronomický ústav; República ChecaFil: Kraus, M.. Akademie ved Ceské republiky. Astronomický ústav; República ChecaFil: Cidale, Lydia Sonia. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Instituto de Astrofísica de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Muratore, M. F. . Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Instituto de Astrofísica de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Fernandes, M. Borges. Ministério de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacao. Observatorio Nacional; BrasilEdp Sciences2013-10info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/8492Oksala, M. E. ; Kraus, M.; Cidale, Lydia Sonia; Muratore, M. F. ; Fernandes, M. Borges; Probing the ejecta of evolved massive stars in transition: A VLT/SINFONI K-band survey; Edp Sciences; Astronomy And Astrophysics; 558; A17; 10-2013; 1-200004-6361enginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/http://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2013/10/aa21568-13/aa21568-13.htmlinfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201321568info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-09-29T09:36:17Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/8492instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-09-29 09:36:17.833CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Probing the ejecta of evolved massive stars in transition: A VLT/SINFONI K-band survey
title Probing the ejecta of evolved massive stars in transition: A VLT/SINFONI K-band survey
spellingShingle Probing the ejecta of evolved massive stars in transition: A VLT/SINFONI K-band survey
Oksala, M. E.
Infrared stars
Massive stars
Circumstellar matter
Evolution of stars
Spectroscopic techniques
title_short Probing the ejecta of evolved massive stars in transition: A VLT/SINFONI K-band survey
title_full Probing the ejecta of evolved massive stars in transition: A VLT/SINFONI K-band survey
title_fullStr Probing the ejecta of evolved massive stars in transition: A VLT/SINFONI K-band survey
title_full_unstemmed Probing the ejecta of evolved massive stars in transition: A VLT/SINFONI K-band survey
title_sort Probing the ejecta of evolved massive stars in transition: A VLT/SINFONI K-band survey
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Oksala, M. E.
Kraus, M.
Cidale, Lydia Sonia
Muratore, M. F.
Fernandes, M. Borges
author Oksala, M. E.
author_facet Oksala, M. E.
Kraus, M.
Cidale, Lydia Sonia
Muratore, M. F.
Fernandes, M. Borges
author_role author
author2 Kraus, M.
Cidale, Lydia Sonia
Muratore, M. F.
Fernandes, M. Borges
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Infrared stars
Massive stars
Circumstellar matter
Evolution of stars
Spectroscopic techniques
topic Infrared stars
Massive stars
Circumstellar matter
Evolution of stars
Spectroscopic techniques
purl_subject.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Massive evolved stars in transition phases, such as Luminous Blue Variables (LBVs), B[e] Supergiants (B[e]SGs), and Yellow Hypergiants (YHGs), are not well understood, and yet crucial steps in determining accurate stellar and galactic evolution models. The circumstellar environments of these stars reveal their mass-loss history, identifying clues to both their individual evolutionary status and the connection between objects of different phases. Here we present a survey of 25 such evolved massive stars (16 B[e]SGs, 6 LBVs, 2 YHGs, and 1 Peculiar Oe star), observed in the K-band with the Spectrograph for INtegral Field Observation in the Near-Infrared (SINFONI; R = 4500) on the ESO VLT UT4 8 m telescope. The sample can be split into two categories based on spectral morphology: one group includes all of the B[e]SGs, the Peculiar Oe star, and two of the LBVs, while the other includes the YHGs and the rest of the LBVs. The difference in LBV spectral appearance is due to some objects being in a quiescent phase and some objects being in an active or outburst phase. CO emission features are found in 13 of our targets, with first time detections for MWC 137, LHA 120-S 35, and LHA 115-S 65. From model fits to the CO band heads, the emitting regions appear to be detached from the stellar surface. Each star with 12CO features also shows 13CO emission, signaling an evolved nature. Based on the level of 13C enrichment, we conclude that many of the B[e]SGs are likely in a pre-Red Supergiant phase of their evolution. There appears to be a lower luminosity limit of log L/L_solar = 5.0 below which CO is not detected. The lack of CO features in several high luminosity B[e]SGs and variability in others suggests that they may in fact be LBV candidates, strengthening the connection between these two very similar transition phases.
Fil: Oksala, M. E. . Akademie ved Ceské republiky. Astronomický ústav; República Checa
Fil: Kraus, M.. Akademie ved Ceské republiky. Astronomický ústav; República Checa
Fil: Cidale, Lydia Sonia. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Instituto de Astrofísica de La Plata; Argentina
Fil: Muratore, M. F. . Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Instituto de Astrofísica de La Plata; Argentina
Fil: Fernandes, M. Borges. Ministério de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacao. Observatorio Nacional; Brasil
description Massive evolved stars in transition phases, such as Luminous Blue Variables (LBVs), B[e] Supergiants (B[e]SGs), and Yellow Hypergiants (YHGs), are not well understood, and yet crucial steps in determining accurate stellar and galactic evolution models. The circumstellar environments of these stars reveal their mass-loss history, identifying clues to both their individual evolutionary status and the connection between objects of different phases. Here we present a survey of 25 such evolved massive stars (16 B[e]SGs, 6 LBVs, 2 YHGs, and 1 Peculiar Oe star), observed in the K-band with the Spectrograph for INtegral Field Observation in the Near-Infrared (SINFONI; R = 4500) on the ESO VLT UT4 8 m telescope. The sample can be split into two categories based on spectral morphology: one group includes all of the B[e]SGs, the Peculiar Oe star, and two of the LBVs, while the other includes the YHGs and the rest of the LBVs. The difference in LBV spectral appearance is due to some objects being in a quiescent phase and some objects being in an active or outburst phase. CO emission features are found in 13 of our targets, with first time detections for MWC 137, LHA 120-S 35, and LHA 115-S 65. From model fits to the CO band heads, the emitting regions appear to be detached from the stellar surface. Each star with 12CO features also shows 13CO emission, signaling an evolved nature. Based on the level of 13C enrichment, we conclude that many of the B[e]SGs are likely in a pre-Red Supergiant phase of their evolution. There appears to be a lower luminosity limit of log L/L_solar = 5.0 below which CO is not detected. The lack of CO features in several high luminosity B[e]SGs and variability in others suggests that they may in fact be LBV candidates, strengthening the connection between these two very similar transition phases.
publishDate 2013
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2013-10
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11336/8492
Oksala, M. E. ; Kraus, M.; Cidale, Lydia Sonia; Muratore, M. F. ; Fernandes, M. Borges; Probing the ejecta of evolved massive stars in transition: A VLT/SINFONI K-band survey; Edp Sciences; Astronomy And Astrophysics; 558; A17; 10-2013; 1-20
0004-6361
url http://hdl.handle.net/11336/8492
identifier_str_mv Oksala, M. E. ; Kraus, M.; Cidale, Lydia Sonia; Muratore, M. F. ; Fernandes, M. Borges; Probing the ejecta of evolved massive stars in transition: A VLT/SINFONI K-band survey; Edp Sciences; Astronomy And Astrophysics; 558; A17; 10-2013; 1-20
0004-6361
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/http://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2013/10/aa21568-13/aa21568-13.html
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1051/0004-6361/201321568
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Edp Sciences
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Edp Sciences
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
reponame_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
collection CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname_str Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.name.fl_str_mv CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.mail.fl_str_mv dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar
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