Factors influencing terrestriality in primates of the Americas and Madagascar

• Autores: Eppley, Timothy M.; Hoeks, Selwyn; Chapman, Colin A.; Ganzhorn, Jörg U.; Hall, Katie; Owen, Megan A.; Adams, Dara B.; Allgas, Néstor; Amato, Katherine R.; Andriamahaihavana, McAntonin; Aristizabal, John F.; Baden, Andrea L.; Balestri, Michela; Barnett, Adrian A.; Bicca Marques, Júlio César; Bowler, Mark; Boyle, Sarah A.; Brown, Meredith; Caillaud, Damien; Calegaro Marques, Cláudia; Campbell, Christina J.; Campera, Marco; Campos, Fernando A.; Cardoso, Tatiane S.; Carretero Pinzón, Xyomara; Champion, Jane; Chaves, Óscar M.; Chen Kraus, Chloe; Colquhoun, Ian C.; Dean, Brittany; Kowalewski, Miguel Martin
• Año de publicación: 2022
• Idioma: inglés
• Tipo de recurso: artículo
• Materia: PRIMATE COMMUNITIES J PRIMATE EVOLUTION J EVOLUTIONARY TRANSITIONS J NICHE SHIFT J CLIMATE CHANGE
• Institución: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

Among mammals, the order Primates is exceptional in having a high taxonomic richness in which the taxa are arboreal, semiterrestrial, or terrestrial. Although habitual terrestriality is pervasive among the apes and African and Asian monkeys (catarrhines), it is largely absent among monkeys of the Americas (platyrrhines), as well as galagos, lemurs, and lorises (strepsirrhines), which are mostly arboreal. Numerous ecological drivers and species-specific factors are suggested to set the conditions for an evolutionary shift from arboreality to terrestriality, and current environmental conditions may provide analogous scenarios to those transitional periods. Therefore, we investigated predominantly arboreal, diurnal primate genera from the Americas and Madagascar that lack fully terrestrial taxa, to determine whether ecological drivers (habitat canopy cover, predation risk, maximum temperature, precipitation, primate species richness, human population density, and distance to roads) or species-specific traits (body mass, group size, and degree of frugivory) associate with increased terrestriality. We collated 150,961 observation hours across 2,227 months from 47 species at 20 sites in Madagascar and 48 sites in the Americas. Multiple factors were associated with ground use in these otherwise arboreal species, including increased temperature, a decrease in canopy cover, a dietary shift away from frugivory, and larger group size. These factors mostly explain intraspecific differences in terrestriality. As humanity modifies habitats and causes climate change, our results suggest that species already inhabiting hot, sparsely canopied sites, and exhibiting more generalized diets, are more likely to shift toward greater ground use.
Fil: Eppley, Timothy M.. San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance; Estados Unidos. Portland State University; Estados Unidos
Fil: Hoeks, Selwyn. Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen; Países Bajos
Fil: Chapman, Colin A.. University of KwaZulu-Natal; Sudáfrica. Wilson Center; Estados Unidos. Northwest University; China. The George Washington University; Estados Unidos
Fil: Ganzhorn, Jörg U.. Universitat Hamburg; Alemania
Fil: Hall, Katie. Sedgwick County Zoo; Estados Unidos
Fil: Owen, Megan A.. San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance; Estados Unidos
Fil: Adams, Dara B.. Humboldt State University; Estados Unidos. Ohio State University; Estados Unidos
Fil: Allgas, Néstor. Asociación Neotropical Primate Conservation Perú; Perú
Fil: Amato, Katherine R.. Northwestern University; Estados Unidos
Fil: Andriamahaihavana, McAntonin. Université D'antananarivo; Madagascar
Fil: Aristizabal, John F.. Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez; México. Universidad de los Andes; Colombia
Fil: Baden, Andrea L.. City University of New York; Estados Unidos. New York Consortium In Evolutionary Primatology; Estados Unidos
Fil: Balestri, Michela. Oxford Brookes University (oxford Brookes University);
Fil: Barnett, Adrian A.. University Of Roehampton; Reino Unido. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Brasil
Fil: Bicca Marques, Júlio César. Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasil
Fil: Bowler, Mark. University Of Suffolk; Reino Unido. San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance; Estados Unidos
Fil: Boyle, Sarah A.. Rhodes College; Estados Unidos
Fil: Brown, Meredith. University of Calgary; Canadá
Fil: Caillaud, Damien. University of California at Davis; Estados Unidos
Fil: Calegaro Marques, Cláudia. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasil
Fil: Campbell, Christina J.. California State University Northridge (calif. State Univ. Northridge);
Fil: Campera, Marco. Oxford Brookes University (oxford Brookes University);
Fil: Campos, Fernando A.. University of Texas at San Antonio; Estados Unidos
Fil: Cardoso, Tatiane S.. Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi; Brasil
Fil: Carretero Pinzón, Xyomara. Proyecto Zocay; Colombia
Fil: Champion, Jane. University of Calgary; Canadá
Fil: Chaves, Óscar M.. Universidad de Costa Rica; Costa Rica
Fil: Chen Kraus, Chloe. University of Yale; Estados Unidos
Fil: Colquhoun, Ian C.. Western University; Canadá
Fil: Dean, Brittany. University of Calgary; Canadá
Fil: Kowalewski, Miguel Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia". Estación Biológica de Usos Múltiples (Sede Corrientes); Argentina