One century of arsenic exposure in Latin America: A review of history and occurrence from 14 countries

• Autores: Bundschuh, Jochen; Litter, Marta Irene; Parvez, Faruque; Román-Ross, Gabriela; Nicolli, Hugo Benjamin; Jean, Jiin Shuh; Liu, Chen Wuing; López, Dina; Armienta, María A.; Guilherme, Luiz R. G.; Cuevas, Alina Gomez; Cornejo, Lorena; Cumbal, Luis; Toujaguez, Regla
• Año de publicación: 2012
• Idioma: inglés
• Tipo de recurso: artículo
• Materia: ARSENIC OCCURRENCE AND MOBILIZATION; GEOGENIC ARSENIC; GROUNDWATER; LATIN AMERICA; MINING; SURFACE WATER
• Institución: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

The global impact on public health of elevated arsenic (As) in water supplies is highlighted by an increasing number of countries worldwide reporting high As concentrations in drinking water. In Latin America, the problem of As contamination in water is known in 14 out of 20 countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru and Uruguay. Considering the 10 μg/L limit for As in drinking water established by international and several national agencies, the number of exposed people is estimated to be about 14. million. Health effects of As exposure were identified for the first time already in the 1910s in Bellville (Córdoba province, Argentina). Nevertheless, contamination of As in waters has been detected in 10 Latin American countries only within the last 10 to 15. years. Arsenic is mobilized predominantly from young volcanic rocks and their weathering products. In alluvial aquifers, which are water sources frequently used for water supply, desorption of As from metal oxyhydroxides at high pH (> 8) is the predominant mobility control; redox conditions are moderate reducing to oxidizing and As(V) is the predominant species. In the Andes, the Middle American cordillera and the Transmexican Volcanic Belt, oxidation of sulfide minerals is the primary As mobilization process. Rivers that originate in the Andean mountains, transport As to more densely populated areas in the lowlands (e.g. Rímac river in Peru, Pilcomayo river in Bolivia/Argentina/Paraguay). In many parts of Latin America, As often occurs together with F and B; in the Chaco-Pampean plain As is found additionally with V, Mo and U whereas in areas with sulfide ore deposits As often occurs together with heavy metals. These co-occurrences and the anthropogenic activities in mining areas that enhance the mobilization of As and other pollutants make more dramatic the environmental problem.
Fil: Bundschuh, Jochen. Royal Institute of Technology; Suecia
Fil: Litter, Marta Irene. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica; Argentina
Fil: Parvez, Faruque. Columbia University; Estados Unidos
Fil: Román-Ross, Gabriela. Universidad de Girona; España
Fil: Nicolli, Hugo Benjamin. Ministerio de Defensa. Fuerza Aérea Argentina. Instituto de Geoquímica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Jean, Jiin Shuh. University Road; China
Fil: Liu, Chen Wuing. National Taiwan University; China
Fil: López, Dina. Ohio University; Estados Unidos
Fil: Armienta, María A.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México
Fil: Guilherme, Luiz R. G.. Universidad Federal de Lavras; Brasil
Fil: Cuevas, Alina Gomez. Hospital Metropolitano Vivian Pellas; Nicaragua
Fil: Cornejo, Lorena. Universidad de Tarapacá; Chile
Fil: Cumbal, Luis. Universidad de Las Fuerzas Armadas Espe; Ecuador
Fil: Toujaguez, Regla. Universidad Federal de Lavras; Brasil