Improved antifungal activity of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil in phospholipid-based nanoemulsions: Role of co-surfactants and surface charge

Autores
Bigi, Barbara; Bertini, Francesca; Mari, Claudia; Di Muzio, Laura; Cesa, Stefania; Angiolella, Letizia; Giammarino, Andrea; Giusiano, Gustavo Emilio; Garzoli, Stefania; Casadei, Maria Antonietta; Paolicelli, Patrizia; Petralito, Stefania
Año de publicación
2025
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
This study investigates the antifungal efficacy of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OEO) encapsulated in phospholipid-based nanoemulsions (NEs) against Candida albicans. The formulations were developed using different amounts of soy phosphatidylcholine (SoyPC) and co-surfactants and/or charge-inducing agents, with the aim of enhancing the stability and bioactivity of OEO. Our results demonstrate that all nanoemulsion formulations significantly outperformed non-formulated OEO in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), regardless of surface charge. The inclusion of co-surfactants and/ or charge-inducing agents was critical in maintaining the biological efficacy of the NEs over time, primarily by improving colloidal stability and enabling sustained release of the encapsulated active compounds. While cationic surfactants are typically associated with enhanced bioactivity, our findings suggest that stable, negatively charged formulations can achieve comparable antifungal activity without the potential toxicity of cationic agents. Replacing OEO with pure carvacrol allowed for a more accurate evaluation of formulation performance, highlighting the importance of release kinetics and structural integrity, rather than over surface charge, in determining antifungal efficacy. In addition, the study emphasizes the need for careful characterization of essential oil composition post-formulation and calls for further analytical investigation into the behavior of volatile components during emulsification. These insights are pivotal for the rational design and optimization of nanoemulsion-based antimicrobial systems incorporating essential oils.
Fil: Bigi, Barbara. Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza"; Italia
Fil: Bertini, Francesca. Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza"; Italia
Fil: Mari, Claudia. Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza"; Italia
Fil: Di Muzio, Laura. Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza"; Italia
Fil: Cesa, Stefania. Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza"; Italia
Fil: Angiolella, Letizia. Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza"; Italia
Fil: Giammarino, Andrea. Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza"; Italia
Fil: Giusiano, Gustavo Emilio. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto de Medicina Regional; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Medicina; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentina
Fil: Garzoli, Stefania. Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza"; Italia
Fil: Casadei, Maria Antonietta. Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza"; Italia
Fil: Paolicelli, Patrizia. Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza"; Italia
Fil: Petralito, Stefania. Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza"; Italia
Materia
Nanoemulsions
Surface charge
Phospholipids
Oregano essential oil
carvacrol
Antifungal activity
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Institución
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
OAI Identificador
oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/287741
Acceder
id CONICETDig_5949a972603fb5b0003ad34b06fa5f24
oai_identifier_str oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/287741
network_acronym_str CONICETDig
repository_id_str 3498
network_name_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
spelling Improved antifungal activity of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil in phospholipid-based nanoemulsions: Role of co-surfactants and surface chargeBigi, BarbaraBertini, FrancescaMari, ClaudiaDi Muzio, LauraCesa, StefaniaAngiolella, LetiziaGiammarino, AndreaGiusiano, Gustavo EmilioGarzoli, StefaniaCasadei, Maria AntoniettaPaolicelli, PatriziaPetralito, StefaniaNanoemulsionsSurface chargePhospholipidsOregano essential oilcarvacrolAntifungal activityhttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/3.1https://purl.org/becyt/ford/3This study investigates the antifungal efficacy of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OEO) encapsulated in phospholipid-based nanoemulsions (NEs) against Candida albicans. The formulations were developed using different amounts of soy phosphatidylcholine (SoyPC) and co-surfactants and/or charge-inducing agents, with the aim of enhancing the stability and bioactivity of OEO. Our results demonstrate that all nanoemulsion formulations significantly outperformed non-formulated OEO in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), regardless of surface charge. The inclusion of co-surfactants and/ or charge-inducing agents was critical in maintaining the biological efficacy of the NEs over time, primarily by improving colloidal stability and enabling sustained release of the encapsulated active compounds. While cationic surfactants are typically associated with enhanced bioactivity, our findings suggest that stable, negatively charged formulations can achieve comparable antifungal activity without the potential toxicity of cationic agents. Replacing OEO with pure carvacrol allowed for a more accurate evaluation of formulation performance, highlighting the importance of release kinetics and structural integrity, rather than over surface charge, in determining antifungal efficacy. In addition, the study emphasizes the need for careful characterization of essential oil composition post-formulation and calls for further analytical investigation into the behavior of volatile components during emulsification. These insights are pivotal for the rational design and optimization of nanoemulsion-based antimicrobial systems incorporating essential oils.Fil: Bigi, Barbara. Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza"; ItaliaFil: Bertini, Francesca. Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza"; ItaliaFil: Mari, Claudia. Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza"; ItaliaFil: Di Muzio, Laura. Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza"; ItaliaFil: Cesa, Stefania. Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza"; ItaliaFil: Angiolella, Letizia. Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza"; ItaliaFil: Giammarino, Andrea. Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza"; ItaliaFil: Giusiano, Gustavo Emilio. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto de Medicina Regional; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Medicina; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Garzoli, Stefania. Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza"; ItaliaFil: Casadei, Maria Antonietta. Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza"; ItaliaFil: Paolicelli, Patrizia. Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza"; ItaliaFil: Petralito, Stefania. Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza"; ItaliaElsevier2025-12info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/287741Bigi, Barbara; Bertini, Francesca; Mari, Claudia; Di Muzio, Laura; Cesa, Stefania; et al.; Improved antifungal activity of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil in phospholipid-based nanoemulsions: Role of co-surfactants and surface charge; Elsevier; Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology; 114; 12-2025; 1-91773-2247CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1773224725009852info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.jddst.2025.107582info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2026-06-17T09:41:14Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/287741instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982026-06-17 09:41:14.846CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Improved antifungal activity of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil in phospholipid-based nanoemulsions: Role of co-surfactants and surface charge
title Improved antifungal activity of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil in phospholipid-based nanoemulsions: Role of co-surfactants and surface charge
spellingShingle Improved antifungal activity of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil in phospholipid-based nanoemulsions: Role of co-surfactants and surface charge
Bigi, Barbara
Nanoemulsions
Surface charge
Phospholipids
Oregano essential oil
carvacrol
Antifungal activity
title_short Improved antifungal activity of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil in phospholipid-based nanoemulsions: Role of co-surfactants and surface charge
title_full Improved antifungal activity of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil in phospholipid-based nanoemulsions: Role of co-surfactants and surface charge
title_fullStr Improved antifungal activity of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil in phospholipid-based nanoemulsions: Role of co-surfactants and surface charge
title_full_unstemmed Improved antifungal activity of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil in phospholipid-based nanoemulsions: Role of co-surfactants and surface charge
title_sort Improved antifungal activity of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil in phospholipid-based nanoemulsions: Role of co-surfactants and surface charge
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Bigi, Barbara
Bertini, Francesca
Mari, Claudia
Di Muzio, Laura
Cesa, Stefania
Angiolella, Letizia
Giammarino, Andrea
Giusiano, Gustavo Emilio
Garzoli, Stefania
Casadei, Maria Antonietta
Paolicelli, Patrizia
Petralito, Stefania
author Bigi, Barbara
author_facet Bigi, Barbara
Bertini, Francesca
Mari, Claudia
Di Muzio, Laura
Cesa, Stefania
Angiolella, Letizia
Giammarino, Andrea
Giusiano, Gustavo Emilio
Garzoli, Stefania
Casadei, Maria Antonietta
Paolicelli, Patrizia
Petralito, Stefania
author_role author
author2 Bertini, Francesca
Mari, Claudia
Di Muzio, Laura
Cesa, Stefania
Angiolella, Letizia
Giammarino, Andrea
Giusiano, Gustavo Emilio
Garzoli, Stefania
Casadei, Maria Antonietta
Paolicelli, Patrizia
Petralito, Stefania
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Nanoemulsions
Surface charge
Phospholipids
Oregano essential oil
carvacrol
Antifungal activity
topic Nanoemulsions
Surface charge
Phospholipids
Oregano essential oil
carvacrol
Antifungal activity
purl_subject.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/becyt/ford/3.1
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/3
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv This study investigates the antifungal efficacy of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OEO) encapsulated in phospholipid-based nanoemulsions (NEs) against Candida albicans. The formulations were developed using different amounts of soy phosphatidylcholine (SoyPC) and co-surfactants and/or charge-inducing agents, with the aim of enhancing the stability and bioactivity of OEO. Our results demonstrate that all nanoemulsion formulations significantly outperformed non-formulated OEO in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), regardless of surface charge. The inclusion of co-surfactants and/ or charge-inducing agents was critical in maintaining the biological efficacy of the NEs over time, primarily by improving colloidal stability and enabling sustained release of the encapsulated active compounds. While cationic surfactants are typically associated with enhanced bioactivity, our findings suggest that stable, negatively charged formulations can achieve comparable antifungal activity without the potential toxicity of cationic agents. Replacing OEO with pure carvacrol allowed for a more accurate evaluation of formulation performance, highlighting the importance of release kinetics and structural integrity, rather than over surface charge, in determining antifungal efficacy. In addition, the study emphasizes the need for careful characterization of essential oil composition post-formulation and calls for further analytical investigation into the behavior of volatile components during emulsification. These insights are pivotal for the rational design and optimization of nanoemulsion-based antimicrobial systems incorporating essential oils.
Fil: Bigi, Barbara. Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza"; Italia
Fil: Bertini, Francesca. Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza"; Italia
Fil: Mari, Claudia. Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza"; Italia
Fil: Di Muzio, Laura. Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza"; Italia
Fil: Cesa, Stefania. Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza"; Italia
Fil: Angiolella, Letizia. Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza"; Italia
Fil: Giammarino, Andrea. Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza"; Italia
Fil: Giusiano, Gustavo Emilio. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto de Medicina Regional; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Medicina; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentina
Fil: Garzoli, Stefania. Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza"; Italia
Fil: Casadei, Maria Antonietta. Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza"; Italia
Fil: Paolicelli, Patrizia. Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza"; Italia
Fil: Petralito, Stefania. Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza"; Italia
description This study investigates the antifungal efficacy of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OEO) encapsulated in phospholipid-based nanoemulsions (NEs) against Candida albicans. The formulations were developed using different amounts of soy phosphatidylcholine (SoyPC) and co-surfactants and/or charge-inducing agents, with the aim of enhancing the stability and bioactivity of OEO. Our results demonstrate that all nanoemulsion formulations significantly outperformed non-formulated OEO in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), regardless of surface charge. The inclusion of co-surfactants and/ or charge-inducing agents was critical in maintaining the biological efficacy of the NEs over time, primarily by improving colloidal stability and enabling sustained release of the encapsulated active compounds. While cationic surfactants are typically associated with enhanced bioactivity, our findings suggest that stable, negatively charged formulations can achieve comparable antifungal activity without the potential toxicity of cationic agents. Replacing OEO with pure carvacrol allowed for a more accurate evaluation of formulation performance, highlighting the importance of release kinetics and structural integrity, rather than over surface charge, in determining antifungal efficacy. In addition, the study emphasizes the need for careful characterization of essential oil composition post-formulation and calls for further analytical investigation into the behavior of volatile components during emulsification. These insights are pivotal for the rational design and optimization of nanoemulsion-based antimicrobial systems incorporating essential oils.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025-12
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11336/287741
Bigi, Barbara; Bertini, Francesca; Mari, Claudia; Di Muzio, Laura; Cesa, Stefania; et al.; Improved antifungal activity of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil in phospholipid-based nanoemulsions: Role of co-surfactants and surface charge; Elsevier; Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology; 114; 12-2025; 1-9
1773-2247
CONICET Digital
CONICET
url http://hdl.handle.net/11336/287741
identifier_str_mv Bigi, Barbara; Bertini, Francesca; Mari, Claudia; Di Muzio, Laura; Cesa, Stefania; et al.; Improved antifungal activity of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil in phospholipid-based nanoemulsions: Role of co-surfactants and surface charge; Elsevier; Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology; 114; 12-2025; 1-9
1773-2247
CONICET Digital
CONICET
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1773224725009852
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.jddst.2025.107582
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
reponame_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
collection CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname_str Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.name.fl_str_mv CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.mail.fl_str_mv dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar
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score 13.040872

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