Gender Stereotypes of Personality: Universal and Accurate?

• Autores: Löckenhoff, Corinna E.; Chan, Wayne; McCrae, Robert R.; De Fruyt, Filip; Jussim, Lee; De Bolle, Marleen; Costa Jr, Paul T.; Sutin, Angelina R.; Realo, Anu; Allik, Jüri; Nakazato, Katsuharu; Shimonaka, Yoshiko; Hřebíčková, Martina; Graf, Sylvie; Yik, Michelle; Ficková, Emília; Brunner Sciarra, Marina; Leibovich, Nora Blanca; Schmidt, Vanina Ines; Ahn, Chang Kyu; Ahn, Hyun Nie; Aguilar Vafaie, María E.; Siuta, Jerzy; Szmigielska, Barbara; Cain, Thomas R.; Crawford, Jarret T.; Anwar Mastor, Khairul; Rolland, Jean Pierre; Nansubuga, Florence; Miramontez, Daniel R.; Benet Martínez, Veronica; Rossier, Jérôme; Bratko, Denis; Marušić, Iris; Halberstadt, Jamin; Yamaguchi, Mami; Knežević, Goran; Martin, Thomas A.; Gheorghiu, Mirona; Smith, Peter B.; Barbaranelli, Claudio; Wang, Lei; Shakespeare Finch, Jane; Lima, Margarida P.; Klinkosz, Waldemar; Sekowski, Andrzej; Alcalay, Lidia; Simonetti, Franco Lucio; Avdeyeva, Tatyana V.; Pramila, V. S.; Terracciano, Antonio
• Año de publicación: 2014
• Idioma: inglés
• Tipo de recurso: artículo
• Materia: CROSS-CULTURAL; SEX DIFFERENCES; BIG FIVE PERSONALITY TRAITS; FIVE-FACTOR MODEL
• Institución: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

Numerous studies have documented subtle but consistent sex differences in self-reports and observer-ratings of five-factor personality traits, and such effects were found to show welldefined developmental trajectories and remarkable similarity across nations. In contrast, very little is known about perceived gender differences in five-factor traits in spite of their potential implications for gender biases at the interpersonal and societal level. In particular, it is not clear how perceived gender differences in five-factor personality vary across age groups and national contexts and to what extent they accurately reflect assessed sex differences in personality. To address these questions, we analyzed responses from 3,323 individuals across 26 nations (mean age = 22.3 years, 31% male) who were asked to rate the five-factor personality traits of typical men or women in three age groups (adolescent, adult, and older adult) in their respective nations. Raters perceived women as slightly higher in openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness as well as some aspects of extraversion and neuroticism. Perceived gender differences were fairly consistent across nations and target age groups and mapped closely onto assessed sex differences in self- and observer-rated personality. Associations between the average size of perceived gender differences and national variations in sociodemographic characteristics, value systems, or gender equality did not reach statistical significance. Findings contribute to our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of gender stereotypes of personality and suggest that perceptions of actual sex differences may play a more important role than culturally based gender roles and socialization processes.
Fil: Löckenhoff, Corinna E.. Cornell University.; Estados Unidos
Fil: Chan, Wayne. Rutgers University; Estados Unidos
Fil: McCrae, Robert R.. No especifíca;
Fil: De Fruyt, Filip. University of Ghent; Bélgica
Fil: Jussim, Lee. Rutgers University; Estados Unidos
Fil: De Bolle, Marleen. University of Ghent; Bélgica
Fil: Costa Jr, Paul T.. University of Duke; Estados Unidos
Fil: Sutin, Angelina R.. Florida State University; Estados Unidos
Fil: Realo, Anu. University Of Tartu.; Estonia
Fil: Allik, Jüri. University Of Tartu.; Estonia. Estonian Academy of Sciences; Estonia
Fil: Nakazato, Katsuharu. Tokyo University of Social Welfare; Japón
Fil: Shimonaka, Yoshiko. Bunkyo Gakuin University; Japón
Fil: Hřebíčková, Martina. Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; República Checa
Fil: Graf, Sylvie. Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; República Checa
Fil: Yik, Michelle. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; China
Fil: Ficková, Emília. Slovak Academy of Sciences; Eslovaquia
Fil: Brunner Sciarra, Marina. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; Perú
Fil: Leibovich, Nora Blanca. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología. Instituto de Investigaciones; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Schmidt, Vanina Ines. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología. Instituto de Investigaciones; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Ahn, Chang Kyu. Pusan National University; Corea del Sur
Fil: Ahn, Hyun Nie. Ewha Womans University; Corea del Sur
Fil: Aguilar Vafaie, María E.. Tarbiat Modares University; Irán
Fil: Siuta, Jerzy. Jagiellonian University; Polonia
Fil: Szmigielska, Barbara. Hampshire College; Estados Unidos
Fil: Cain, Thomas R.. Hampshire College; Estados Unidos
Fil: Crawford, Jarret T.. The College of New Jersey; Estados Unidos
Fil: Anwar Mastor, Khairul. Universiti Kebangsaan; Malasia
Fil: Rolland, Jean Pierre. Universite Paris Ouest Nanterre la Defense; Francia
Fil: Nansubuga, Florence. Makerere University; Uganda
Fil: Miramontez, Daniel R.. San Diego Community College District; Estados Unidos
Fil: Benet Martínez, Veronica. Universitat Pompeu Fabra; España
Fil: Rossier, Jérôme. Universite de Lausanne; Suiza
Fil: Bratko, Denis. University of Zagreb; Croacia
Fil: Marušić, Iris. Institute for Social Research in Zagreb; Croacia
Fil: Halberstadt, Jamin. University of Otago; Nueva Zelanda
Fil: Yamaguchi, Mami. University of Otago; Nueva Zelanda
Fil: Knežević, Goran. Belgrade University; Serbia
Fil: Martin, Thomas A.. Susquehanna University; Estados Unidos
Fil: Gheorghiu, Mirona. The Queen's University Belfast; Irlanda
Fil: Smith, Peter B.. University of Sussex; Reino Unido
Fil: Barbaranelli, Claudio. Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza"; Italia
Fil: Wang, Lei. Peking University; China
Fil: Shakespeare Finch, Jane. Queensland University of Technology; Australia
Fil: Lima, Margarida P.. Universidad de Coimbra; Portugal
Fil: Klinkosz, Waldemar. The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin; Polonia
Fil: Sekowski, Andrzej. The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin; Polonia
Fil: Alcalay, Lidia. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Chile
Fil: Simonetti, Franco Lucio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Chile
Fil: Avdeyeva, Tatyana V.. University of St. Thomas; Estados Unidos
Fil: Pramila, V. S.. No especifíca;
Fil: Terracciano, Antonio. Florida State University; Estados Unidos